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French Constitutional Law Of 1940
The French Constitutional Law of 1940 is a set of bills that were voted into law on 10 July 1940 by the National Assembly, which comprised both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies during the French Third Republic. The law established the Vichy regime and passed with 569 votes to 80, with 20 abstentions. The group of 80 parliamentarians who voted against it are known as the Vichy 80. The law gave all the government powers to Philippe Pétain, and further authorized him to take all necessary measures to write a new constitution. Text of the French Constitutional Law of 1940 Pétain interpreted this as de facto suspending the French Constitutional Laws of 1875 which established the Third Republic, even though the law did not explicitly suspend it, but only granted him the power to write a new constitution. The next day, by Act No 2, Pétain defined his powers and abrogated all the laws of the Third Republic that were incompatible with them. Although given full constituent powers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French National Assembly
The National Assembly (, ) is the lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral French Parliament under the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (France), Senate (). The National Assembly's legislators are known as () or deputies. There are 577 , each elected by a single-member Constituencies of the National Assembly of France, constituency (at least one per Departments of France, department) through a two-round system; thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. The List of presidents of the National Assembly of France, president of the National Assembly, currently Yaël Braun-Pivet, presides over the body. The officeholder is usually a member of the largest party represented, assisted by vice presidents from across the represented political spectrum. The National Assembly's term is five years; however, the president of France may dissolve the assembly, thereby calling for early elections, unless it has been dissolved in the preceding twelve m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Void Ab Initio
In law, void means of no legal effect. An action, document, or transaction which is void is of no legal effect whatsoever: an absolute nullity—the law treats it as if it had never existed or happened. The term void ''ab initio'', which means "to be treated as invalid from the outset", comes from adding the Latin phrase ''ab initio'' (from the beginning) as a qualifier. For example, in many jurisdictions where a person signs a contract under duress, that contract is treated as being void ''ab initio''. The frequent combination "null and void" is a legal doublet. The term is frequently used in contradistinction to the term "voidable" and " unenforceable". Definitions '' Black's Law Dictionary'' defines 'void' as " ll; ineffectual; nugatory; having no legal force or binding effect...." In the case of a contract, this means there is no legal obligation, therefore there can be no breach of contract since the contract is null, but there may be an implied contract A quasi-contra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interwar France
Interwar France covers the political, economic, diplomatic, cultural and social history of France from 1918 to 1939. France suffered heavily during World War I in terms of lives lost, disabled veterans and ruined agricultural and industrial areas occupied by Germany as well as heavy borrowing from the United States, Britain, and the French people. However, postwar reconstruction was rapid, and the long history of political warfare along religious lines of the time was ended. Parisian culture was world-famous in the 1920s, with expatriate artists, musicians and writers from across the globe contributing their cosmopolitanism, such as jazz music, and the French empire was in flourishing condition, especially in North Africa, and in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the official goal was complete assimilation, few colonial subjects were actually assimilated. Major concerns were forcing Germany to pay for the war damage by reparations payments and guaranteeing that Germany, with its much ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutions Of France
The constitutions of France are the various foundational texts that have organized the institutions of France at different periods of its history. These may be known under various names – constitution, charter, constitutional laws or acts – and take precedence over other legislative texts. The constitutional text currently in force in France is the constitution of 1958, which founded the Fifth Republic. It was approved by the people in a referendum on 28 September 1958, and officially promulgated on 4 October that year. History The constitutional history of France is made up of many changes that have led to experimentation with a large number of political regime types since the French Revolution, ranging from an (such as the National Convention) to reactionary dictatorship (such as the Vichy regime). Precursors The Kingdom of France, under the ''Ancien Régime'', was an absolute monarchy and lacked a formal constitution; the regime essentially relied on cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1940 Documents
Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar became a Roman Consul. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 days. * First year of the ''Xingping'' era during the Han Dynasty in Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1940 In France
Events from the year 1940 in France. Incumbents * Chief of State: Albert Lebrun (until 11 July), Philippe Pétain (starting 11 July) * Vice-president of the Council of Ministers: ** until 21 March: Édouard Daladier ** 21 March-16 June: Paul Reynaud ** 16 June-11 July: Philippe Pétain ** 11 July-13 December: Pierre Laval ** starting 13 December: Pierre-Étienne Flandin Events *21 March – Édouard Daladier resigns as Prime Minister. French cabinet shuffles and Daladier is replaced by Paul Reynaud. *10 May – Battle of France begins. German forces invade Low Countries. *13 May – German armies open 60-mile wide breach in Maginot Line at Sedan. *18 May – Marshal Philippe Pétain named vice-premier of France. *19 May – General Maxime Weygand replaces Maurice Gamelin as commander-in-chief of all French forces. *20 May – German forces, under General Erwin Rommel, reach the English Channel. *26 May – Dunkirk evacuation of British Expeditionary Force starts. *3 Jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tréveneuc Law
The Tréveneuc Law () was a law passed in the early days of the French Third Republic which established a legal framework by which the country could invoke a state of emergency () in order to oppose a power grab by a rogue chief executive who illegitimately dissolved the National Assembly. The law was passed on 15 February 1872 by the National Assembly of France during the provisional period of the Third Republic. There were several occasions where serious discussion or attempts to invoke the Tréveneuc law arose, in particular several times during World War II, either by the Vichy regime, or by those opposing it. In 150 years, the law has never been repealed and is still in force, and since 2000 has been mentioned in political discourse in France under a number of different circumstances. Name and date The Tréveneuc law is entitled, "the law of 15 February 1872 relating to the possible role of departmental councils in exceptional circumstances". It is usually dated 15 Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Law Of 2 November 1945
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental acts of a legislature, court cases, and treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty that establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Constitutional Laws Of 1875
French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), a 2008 film * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a type of military jacket or tunic * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French (catheter scale), a unit of measurement * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French Revolution (other) * French River (other), several rivers and other places * Frenching (other) Frenching may refer to: * Frenching (automobile), recessing or mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Council (France)
The Constitutional Council (, ) is the highest constitutional authority in France. It was established by the Constitution of France, Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 to ensure that constitutional principles and rules are upheld. It is housed in the Palais-Royal in Paris. Its main activity is to rule on whether proposed statutes conform with the Constitution, after they have been voted by French Parliament, Parliament and before they are signed into law by the President of France, president of the republic (''a priori'' review), or passed by the government as a decree, which has law status in many domains, a right granted to the government under delegation of Parliament. Since 1 March 2010, individual citizens who are party to a trial or a lawsuit have been able to ask for the council to review whether the law applied in the case is constitutional ( review). In 1971, the council ruled that conformity with the Constitution also entails conformity with two other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronologie Constitutions Françaises
''Chronologie'' (English title: ''Chronology'') is the eleventh studio album by French electronic musician and composer Jean-Michel Jarre, and was released on Disques Dreyfus with license to Polydor in 1993. ''Chronologie'' peaked at Number 11 in the UK charts and the album cover art was created by long-time collaborator Michel Granger. ''Chronologie'' was performed at a series of 16 performances across Europe called ''Europe in Concert''. These were on a smaller scale than his previous concerts, featuring a miniature skyline, laser imaging and fireworks. Locations included Lausanne, Mont St Michel, London, Manchester, Barcelona, Seville and the Versailles Palace near Paris. Composition The album features Jarre's traditional collection of instruments like the ARP 2600 and Minimoog, as well as newer synthesisers such as the Roland JD-800 and the Kurzweil K2000. ''Chronologie'' was recorded and mixed in Croissy studio. Track listing All tracks by Jean Michel Jarre. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
