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Freedom Tunnel
The Freedom Tunnel is a railroad tunnel carrying the West Side Line under Riverside Park (Manhattan), Riverside Park in Manhattan, New York City. Used by Amtrak trains to and from Pennsylvania Station (New York City), Pennsylvania Station, it got its name because the graffiti artist Chris Pape, Chris "Freedom" Pape used the tunnel walls to create some of his most notable artwork. The name may also be a reference to the former Shanty town, shantytowns built within the tunnel by Homelessness, homeless populations seeking shelter and Free will, freedom to live rent-free and unsupervised by law enforcement. The tunnel runs approximately , from 72nd Street (Manhattan), 72nd Street to 124th Street. History The tunnel was built by Robert Moses in the 1930s to expand park space for Upper West Side residents – although the construction of Moses's Henry Hudson Parkway in the same area effectively blocked access to the river. The tunnel's south portal originally opened into the 60th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homeless
Homelessness, also known as houselessness or being unhoused or unsheltered, is the condition of lacking stable, safe, and functional housing. It includes living on the streets, moving between temporary accommodation with family or friends, living in boarding houses with no security of tenure, and Internally displaced person, people who leave their homes because of civil conflict and are refugees within their country. The legal status of homeless people varies from place to place. Homeless enumeration studies conducted by the Federal government of the United States, government of the United States also include people who sleep in a public or private place that is not designed for use as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. Homelessness and poverty are interrelated. There is no standardized method for counting homeless individuals and identifying their needs; consequently, most cities only have estimated figures for their homeless populations. In 2025, approximatel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Cost
Cost is the tag name of a graffiti writer who, from the early 1980s to the late 2000s, blanketed New York City and the surrounding metropolitan area with his wheatpaste stickers, spray paint tags and paint-roller pieces. In the 1990s, Cost collaborated with fellow New York graffiti artist Revs. Graffiti career Cost and Revs became well known in the early 1990s, when, on any given block in Manhattan, a passerby could spot the duo’s wheat paste tags posted on the back of the Walk/Don't Walk street-crossing signal. On these wheat pasted papers, Cost and Revs printed in bold black ink intentionally obscure messages such as ''Cost fucked Madonna'' or ''Suicide Revs''. Later they collaborated on large, bold roller pieces on highly visible walls, subway embankments, and advertising boards. When asked in 1993 by a ''New York Times'' Style reporter what it all meant, Cost said, "If you could give us ost and Revsthe meaning of life, I’d give you the meaning of us." At that time t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sane Smith
Sane and Smith were the names used by a New York graffiti duo, composed of David Smith ("Sane") and his brother Roger Smith ("Smith"), active during the 1980s. About Sane Smith were among the most persistent Writers in New York during the 1980s. According to Smith, they set themselves and accomplished the goal of leaving a tag every 20 feet in the 60th Street Tunnel. Sane & Smith are particularly notable for painting on the top level of New York's Brooklyn Bridge, after which they were sued by the City of New York for $3 million, the biggest lawsuit to date against graffiti writers.Jennifer Tot The Mole People: Life in the Tunnels Beneath New York City Chicago Review Press (1993), pp. 119-122. . The work covered both sides of the Manhattan tower of the bridge, and was visible for miles. New York's Transit Police had been tracking Sane Smith for three years and described them as "one of the top 20 graffiti artists in the city in terms of damage done." David Smith was not co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Chalfant
Henry Chalfant (born January 2, 1940) is an American photographer and videographer most notable for his work on graffiti, breakdance, and hip hop culture. One of Chalfant's prints is held in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Education and career Chalfant is a graduate of Stanford University, where he majored in classical Greek. Starting out as a sculptor in New York City in the 1970s, Chalfant turned to photography and film to do an in-depth study of hip-hop culture and graffiti art. One of the foremost authorities on New York subway art, and other aspects of urban youth culture, his photographs record hundreds of ephemeral, original art works that have long since vanished. His photographs have appeared in exhibitions of graffiti art from its early appearances in ''New York/New Wave'' at P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center to retrospectives such as ''Art in the Streets'' at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and ''City as Canvas: Graffiti A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Prigoff
James Prigoff (October 29, 1927 – April 21, 2021) was an American photographer, author, and lecturer focusing on public murals, graffiti, and spraycan art. He has traveled extensively throughout the world documenting these art forms. Early life Prigoff was born in New York City and graduated high school in 1944 at age 16. He was an Honorable Mention Westinghouse Science Talent Search Winner and was accepted at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was an honor student all eight terms and an outstanding athlete in track and field. He received a "STRAIGHT T", the school's highest athletic award. Graduating MIT in 1947, Prigoff moved into the business world and also took up squash, achieving many National rankings. He was National Champion of Squash Tennis seven times in the 1960s. Prigoff was elected to the Explorers Club in New York City in 1967. In 1975 his name was included in a listing of 250 outstanding graduates of M.I.T. In the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spraycan Art
''Spraycan Art'' is the first book that documented the initial stages of the worldwide spread of New York City Subway graffiti style and subculture. Authored by Henry Chalfant and James Prigoff and published by Thames & Hudson on September 1, 1987. The photographs are primarily of walls rather than subway cars, and features the work of Mode 2 and The Chrome Angelz, 3D (Robert Del Naja), Goldie, Bando Bando (, ) is a defensive unarmed martial art from Myanmar. Bando is sometimes mistakenly used as a generic word for all Burmese martial arts, but it is only one martial art; Burmese fighting systems collectively are referred to as ''Thaing (bu ..., Futura, Kaves, Lee, Chico, Tracy 168, Buda, Shame, Blade, Seen, Stash, Reas (aka Todd James), Espo ( Stephen Powers) and many others. Production ''Spraycan Art'' is authored by Henry Chalfant and James Prigoff. It follows the release of ''Subway Ar''t (1984) by Chalfant and Martha Cooper. The book contains over 200 p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Street Art
Street art is visual art created in public locations for public visibility. It has been associated with the terms "independent art", "post-graffiti", "neo-graffiti" and guerrilla art. Street art has evolved from the early forms of defiant graffiti into a more commercial form of art, as one of the main differences now lies with the messaging. Street art is often meant to provoke thought rather than rejection among the general audience through making its purpose more evident than that of graffiti. The issue of permission has also come at the heart of street art, as graffiti is usually done illegally, whereas street art can nowadays be the product of an agreement or even sometimes a commission. However, it remains different from traditional art exposed in public spaces by its explicit use of said space in the conception phase. Background Street art is a form of artwork that is displayed in public on surrounding buildings, on streets, trains and other publicly viewed surfaces. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Tunnel Coca Cola
Freedom is the power or right to speak, act, and change as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of "giving oneself one's own laws". In one definition, something is "free" if it can change and is not constrained in its present state. Physicists and chemists use the word in this sense. In its origin, the English word "freedom" relates etymologically to the word "friend". Philosophy and religion sometimes associate it with free will, as an alternative to determinism or predestination. In modern liberty nations, freedom is considered a right, especially freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press. Types In political discourse, political freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy, and a distinction is made between countries that are free of dictatorships. In the area of civil rights, a strong distinction is made between freedom and slavery and there is conflict between people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amtrak Police
The Amtrak Police Department (APD) is a federal railroad police department of Amtrak (also known as the National Railroad Passenger Corporation), the government-owned passenger train system in the United States. It is headquartered at Union Station in Washington, D.C., and as of 2019 has a force of 452 sworn police officers, most of whom are stationed within the Northeast Corridor, Amtrak's busiest route. The APD has primary jurisdiction over Amtrak stations nationwide, trains, rights-of-way, maintenance facilities, and crimes committed against Amtrak, its employees, or its passengers. The APD is one of six American Class I railroad law enforcement agencies, alongside those of BNSF, CPKC, CSX, Norfolk Southern, and Union Pacific. Since 1979, most Amtrak police officers have been trained at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) although some recruits may be certified through a local police academy. Authority Created by Congress, Amtrak's enabling legislation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban Exploration
Urban exploration (often shortened as UE, urbex, and sometimes known as roof and tunnel hacking) is the exploration of manmade structures, usually abandoned ruins or hidden components of the manmade environment. Photography and historical interest/documentation are heavily featured in the hobby, sometimes involving trespassing onto private property. Urban exploration is also called draining (a specific form of urban exploration where storm drains or sewers are explored), urban spelunking, urban rock climbing, urban caving, building hacking, or Mouse-holing, mousing. The activity presents various risks, including physical danger, the possibility of arrest and punishment if done illegally and/or without permission, and the risk of encountering Squatting, squatters. Some activities associated with urban exploration may violate local or regional laws, certain broadly interpreted Anti-terrorism legislation, anti-terrorism laws, or can be considered trespassing or invasion of privacy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dark Days (documentary)
''Dark Days'' is an American documentary film directed, produced, and photographed by the English documentarian Marc Singer that was completed and released in 2000. Shot during the mid-1990s, it follows a group of people who lived in the Freedom Tunnel section of the Amtrak system at the time. DJ Shadow created new music for the documentary and also let Singer use some of his preexisting songs. Background When Marc Singer arrived in Manhattan, he was struck by the number of people he saw living on the streets. He befriended many in New York's homeless community and, after hearing about people who lived underground in abandoned tunnel systems, he met and became close to some members of the Freedom Tunnel community, which stretched north from Penn Station past Harlem. After living in the tunnel on and off for a number of months, Singer decided to create a documentary, even though he had never made a film before, hoping that the project would make enough money for the residents of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
