Frederiksborg Glacier
Frederiksborg Glacier () is a glacier on the east coast of the Greenland ice sheet. It is named after Frederiksborg Castle in Denmark. Administratively this glacier is part of the Sermersooq Municipality.Google Earth History In 1935–36, during the British East Greenland Expedition led by geologist Lawrence Wager, E. C. Chambers and Dr. P. B. Fountaine set up walking up the glacier on an exploratory journey but had to turn back because it was too badly crevassed. Geography The Frederiksborg Glacier is a valley glacier that flows between high and rugged mountainous areas in a roughly north–south direction. It separates the Lemon Range in the west from the mountains that rise to the west of the Sorgenfri Glacier in the east. In its upper reaches the glacier flows at the foot of Actress, the highest peak of the Lemon Range. Its terminus is at the head of the Watkins Fjord, one of the branches of the great Kangerlussuaq Fjord system of the East Greenland coast.''Prostar Saili ...
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Valley Glacier
Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. Types of glaciers can range from massive ice sheets, such as the Greenland ice sheet, to small cirque glaciers found perched on mountain tops. Glaciers can be grouped into two main categories: * Ice flow is constrained by the underlying bedrock topography * Ice flow is unrestricted by surrounding topography Unconstrained Glaciers Ice sheets and ice caps Ice sheets and ice caps cover the largest areas of land in comparison to other glaciers, and their ice is unconstrained by the underlying topography. They are the largest glacial ice formations and hold the vast majority of the world's fresh water. Ice sheets Ice sheets are the largest form of glacial formation. They are continent-sized ice masses that span areas over . They are dome ...
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Crevasse
A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet. Crevasses form as a result of the movement and resulting stress associated with the shear stress generated when two semi-rigid pieces above a plastic substrate have different rates of movement. The resulting intensity of the shear stress causes a breakage along the faces. Description Crevasses often have vertical or near-vertical walls, which can then melt and create seracs, arches, and other ice formations. These walls sometimes expose layers that represent the glacier's stratigraphy. Crevasse size often depends upon the amount of liquid water present in the glacier. A crevasse may be as deep as and as wide as The presence of water in a crevasse can significantly increase its penetration. Water-filled crevasses may reach the bottom of glaciers or ice sheets and provide a direct hydrologic connection between the surface, where significant summer melting occurs, and the bed of the glacier, where additional wa ...
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Operational Navigation Chart C-13, 3rd Edition
An operational definition specifies concrete, replicable procedures designed to represent a construct. In the words of American psychologist S.S. Stevens (1935), "An operation is the performance which we execute in order to make known a concept." For example, an operational definition of "fear" (the construct) often includes measurable physiologic responses that occur in response to a perceived threat. Thus, "fear" might be operationally defined as specified changes in heart rate, electrodermal activity, pupil dilation, and blood pressure. Overview An operational definition is designed to model or represent a concept or theoretical definition, also known as a construct. Scientists should describe the operations (procedures, actions, or processes) that define the concept with enough specificity such that other investigators can replicate their research. Operational definitions are also used to define system states in terms of a specific, publicly accessible process of preparation ...
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Lindbergh Range
The Lindbergh Range or Lindbergh Nunataks ( or ''Lindbergh Nunatakker'') is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively the range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. History The range was observed and mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made in the course of the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Koch named it after pioneering aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902–1974), who reportedly had seen these tall nunataks previously during an eastward flight across the Greenland Ice Sheet and had discussed the matter with him when they met in Ella Island. Although not as high as the Watkins Range to the east, the Lindbergh Range is popular among mountaineers because it has some of the finest and tallest peaks in Greenland. The quality of the rock, however, is poor. A number of the main summits of the nunataks have been climbed in recent years, but the range is still relatively little explored. Geography ...
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Frederiksborg Nunataks
Frederiksborg may refer to: * Frederiksborg Castle, in Hillerød, Denmark * Frederiksborg, former name of Hillerød, a municipality to the north of Copenhagen, Denmark * Frederiksborg County, former county on the island of Zealand in Denmark * Fort Frederiksborg, Danish and later English fort built in 1661 in contemporary Ghana * Frederiksborger, a kind of horse originating in Denmark * Frederiksborg Glacier, on the east coast of the Greenland ice sheet See also * Treaty of Frederiksborg The Treaty of Frederiksborg () was a treaty signed at Frederiksborg Castle, Zealand, on 3 July 1720Heitz (1995), p.244 (14 July 1720 according to the Gregorian calendar), ending the Great Northern War between Denmark–Norway and Sweden. History ...

Ice Cap
In glaciology, an ice cap is a mass of ice that covers less than of land area (usually covering a highland area). Larger ice masses covering more than are termed ice sheets. Description By definition, ice caps are not constrained by topographical features (i.e., they must lie over the top of mountains). By contrast, ice masses of similar size that ''are'' constrained by topographical features are known as ice fields. The ''dome'' of an ice cap is usually centred on the highest point of a massif. Ice flows away from this high point (the ice divide) towards the ice cap's periphery. Ice caps significantly affect the geomorphology of the area they occupy. Plastic moulding, gouging and other glacial erosional features become present upon the glacier's retreat. Many lakes, such as the Great Lakes in North America, as well as numerous valleys have been formed by glacial action over hundreds of thousands of years. The Antarctic and Greenland contain 99% of the ice volume on earth, ...
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Upper Frederiksborg Glacier
Upper may refer to: * Shoe upper or ''vamp'', the part of a shoe on the top of the foot * Stimulant, drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both * ''Upper'', the original film title for the 2013 found footage film ''The Upper Footage'' * Dmitri Upper (born 1978), Kazakhstani ice hockey player See also * Uppers (video game) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher, and anime producer. The company was founded in 1997 but formed in its current state in October 2011 by the merger of the original Marvelous Entertainment with AQ Interactive, and Liveware. Hi ...

Actress (Greenland)
Actress is the highest mountain in the Lemon Range, Sermersooq municipality, eastern Greenland. It was climbed in the 1990s by Tom Chamberlain. Geography This high peak rises at the northern end of the Lemon Range, rising steeply just west of the Frederiksborg Glacier. It is a rocky peak with a vertical icy crevice running along its southern face. This mountain is marked as an peak in the Defense Mapping Agency Greenland Navigation charts. Although it is the highest summit of the range, Actress is located inland and is not as conspicuous as the spectacular peak cluster of the Domkirkebjerget with its high "Cathedral". The latter is located further south in a more accessible area and "Cathedral" was formerly confused with Actress, the true highest point of the Lemon Range. See also *List of mountains in Greenland References External linksAmerican Alpine Club - Exploring Greenland's Lemon Bjerge
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Sorgenfri Glacier
Sorgenfri (lit. "free of sorrow", like Sans Souci) is a neighbourhood in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality in Greater Copenhagen lying just north of Kongens Lyngby. The neighbourhood is enclosed between the landmarks of a forest with Lyngby Åmose, Mølleådalen and Spurveskjulskoven (lit. "sparrow shelter" forest) in the south, the Furesø Lake in the west and the parklands of Sorgenfri Palace and the Open Air Museum in the east. In the north of Sorgenfri lies the town Virum – which was till the end of the First World War a village. Lottenborg is an inn located in Sorgenfri. The building originates from the 1700s, where the town's gatekeeper (Danish: ''vangemanden'') lived, which gave the house the nickname 'the Gatekeeper's House' (Danish: ''Vangehuset''). The gatekeeper worked on the royal Sorgenfri Castle, and when Princess Charlotte was born in 1789 and the house was renamed to Lottenborg in her honour. Lottenberg eventually became a popular inn, and worked as inn and restau ...
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Lemon Range
The Lemon Range or Lemon Mountains () is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. History The range was named by Gino Watkins after Captain Percy Lemon (1898–1932) of the Royal Corps of Signals, a member of the 1930-31 British Arctic Air Route Expedition led by Watkins. Although not as high as the Watkins Range to the east or the Lindbergh Range to the northeast, the Lemon Range has become a popular place among climbers because it has some of the steepest rock peaks in Greenland and the quality of the granite is good. A number of the main summits of the range were climbed for the first time by Chris Bonington in the 1990s. Geography The Lemon Range is an up to 2,500 m high mountain massif made up of nunataks. It is located among the glaciers east of Courtauld Glacier which has its terminus in the Cortauld Fjord, an arm of Kangerlussuaq Fjord, East Greenland, and west of Frederiksborg ...
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Valley Glacier
Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. Types of glaciers can range from massive ice sheets, such as the Greenland ice sheet, to small cirque glaciers found perched on mountain tops. Glaciers can be grouped into two main categories: * Ice flow is constrained by the underlying bedrock topography * Ice flow is unrestricted by surrounding topography Unconstrained Glaciers Ice sheets and ice caps Ice sheets and ice caps cover the largest areas of land in comparison to other glaciers, and their ice is unconstrained by the underlying topography. They are the largest glacial ice formations and hold the vast majority of the world's fresh water. Ice sheets Ice sheets are the largest form of glacial formation. They are continent-sized ice masses that span areas over . They are dome ...
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Lawrence Wager
Lawrence Rickard Wager, commonly known as Bill Wager, (5 February 1904 – 20 November 1965) was a British geologist, explorer and mountaineer, described as "one of the finest geological thinkers of his generation"Vincent and best remembered for his work on the Skaergaard intrusion in Greenland, and for his attempt on Mount Everest in 1933. Early life Wager was born in Batley, Yorkshire, and was the son of Morton Ethelred Wager and Adelina Rickard. Wager attended Hebden Bridge Grammar School, where his father was headmaster. He later lived with his uncle Harold Wager, FRS, a botanist and mycologist, while studying at Leeds Grammar School. He then entered Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he gained a first class degree in geology in 1926. While at Cambridge, he developed an interest in climbing, spending a number of holidays in the Wales, Scotland and the Alps, and serving as president of the university's mountaineering club. He was also, later, identified as one of a numbe ...
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