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Fred Mulders
Freerk Johannes Mulders (Amsterdam, 1911 – Mexico City, 1960), also known as Freek, Frederic or Fred Mulders, was a Dutch guitar player and journalist. He was also a brigadist in the Spanish Civil War, member of the Dutch resistance, and victim of McCarthyism. Mulders introduced the flamenco guitar in the Netherlands, performed in the San Francisco Bay Area, and recorded Mexican indigenous music in the 1950s. Biography Freerk Johannes was the second of three children of the schoolteachers Johannes Mulders and Anna Wilkens. He studied mechanical engineering in the ''Middelbare Technische School'', a vocational school. Mulders entered military service in 1932 and became a corporal. After his military service he took up guitar playing. Brigadist in the Spanish Civil War Inspired by the music of Andres Segovia, Mulders visited Barcelona to study guitar. Back in Amsterdam, he gave guitar lessons in a house he shared with his fiancée Milly van Duivenbode and his friends Maarten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Region of Amsterdam, urban area and 2,480,394 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Located in the Provinces of the Netherlands, Dutch province of North Holland, Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the "Venice of the North", for its canals of Amsterdam, large number of canals, now a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site. Amsterdam was founded at the mouth of the Amstel River, which was dammed to control flooding. Originally a small fishing village in the 12th century, Amsterdam became a major world port during the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century, when the Netherlands was an economic powerhouse. Amsterdam was the leading centre for finance and trade, as well as a hub of secular art production. In the 19th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Llobet
Miguel Llobet Solés (18 October 187822 February 1938) was a classical guitarist, born in Barcelona, Spain. Llobet was a renowned virtuoso who toured Europe and Americas, America extensively. He made well known arrangements of Catalan folk songs for the solo guitar, made famous arrangements for the guitar of the piano compositions of Isaac Albéniz, arrangements immortalized by Andrés Segovia, and was also the composer of original works. Biography Some details of Llobet's biography are confused and contradictory. The son of a gilder, he was baptized in the month of his birth in the church of ''Sant Just i Pastor'' on the ''Carrer de la Palma de Sant Just'', the street where he spent his boyhood, just a few streets from the ''Carrer Gignàs'', which (from 1884 through 1885) was the residence of his eventual teacher Francisco Tárrega. He was trained as an artist, revealing a talent for painting, and continued to paint throughout his life. His earliest musical training was on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marius Flothuis
Marius Flothuis, (30 October 1914 – 13 November 2001) born and died in Amsterdam, was a Dutch people, Dutch composer, musicologist and music critic. Biography Flothuis first took courses at Vossius Gymnasium in Amsterdam. There he studied piano and music theory with . His musicology studies continued at the University of Amsterdam under the direction of Albert Smijers and . Flothuis graduated in 1969 with a thesis on the arrangements of the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Mozart. In 1937, Marius Flothuis became assistant artistic director of the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. In 1942 his career was interrupted because of his refusal to cooperate with occupying Germans. From 1946 to 1950 he was librarian at the Donemus Foundation, and was a music critic there until 1953. That year Flothuis re-joined the Concertgebouw orchestra, becoming artistic director until 1974. Marius Flothuis was also professor of musicology at the Utrecht University from 1974 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herzogenbusch Concentration Camp
Herzogenbusch (; ) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. The camp was opened in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before Herzogenbusch was liberated by the Allies of World War II, Allied Forces in 1944. After the war, the camp was used as a prison for Germans and for Dutch collaborators. Today there is a visitors' center which includes exhibitions and a memorial remembering the camp and its victims. History During World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands from 1940 to 1945. In 1942, the Nazis transported Jewish and other prisoners from the Netherlands via Amersfoort concentration camp, Amersfoort and Westerbork concentration camp, Westerbork transit camps to Auschwitz concentration camp, except for 850 prisoners sent to Mauthausen concentration camp. When Amersfoort and Westerbork proved to be too small to handle the large nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamp Amersfoort
Kamp Amersfoort (, ) was a Nazi concentration camp near the city of Amersfoort, the Netherlands. The official name was "Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort", P.D.A. or Amersfoort Police Transit Camp. 47,000 prisoners were held there between 1941 and 1945. The camp was situated in the northern part of the municipality of Leusden, on the municipal boundary between Leusden and Amersfoort in the central Netherlands. Early history In 1939, Kamp Amersfoort was still a complex of barracks that supported army artillery exercises on the nearby Leusderheide. From 1941 onwards, it did not merely function as a transit camp, as the name suggests. The terms "penal camp" or "work camp" would also be fitting. During the existence of the camp, many prisoners were put to work in work units. In total, around 37,000 prisoners were registered at Amersfoort. To get to the camp, prisoners had to walk from the railway sidings through the town and through residential neighborhoods: Visible in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbeiderspers
Singel Uitgeverijen is a Dutch publishing group, headquartered in Amsterdam. Its subsidiaries are Nijgh & Van Ditmar, Querido Verlag, De Arbeiderspers, Athenaeum, Polak & Van Gennep, De Geus, and Volt. Books are also published directly by Singel Uitgeverijen. Subsidiaries De Arbeiderspers De Arbeiderspers (Dutch for "The Workers' Press") is a Dutch publishing company, started in 1929 as a socialist enterprise that combined the publishing firm N.V. Ontwikkeling and the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party newspaper '' Het Volk''. It later merged into the Weekbladpersgroep, which also included publishing companies De Bezige Bij and Querido. Until well into the 1960s, the press was known as a "socialist bastion", and until Martin Ros joined in 1964, literature was regarded with suspicion—the press published regional novels by authors such as Herman de Man and . , a well-read and well-spoken man, was hired specifically to "stir the pot". One of his first acquisitions was Gerr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elfstedentocht
The ''Elfstedentocht'' (; West Frisian language, West Frisian: ''Alvestêdetocht'' , English language, English: ''Eleven cities tour'') is a long-distance tour skating event on natural ice, almost long, which is held both as a speed skating competition (with 300 contestants) and a leisure tour (with 16,000 skaters). The ''Elfstedentocht'' is the biggest ice-skating tour in the world. The tour is held in the province of Friesland in the north of the Netherlands, leading past all eleven historical cities of the province. The tour is held at most once a year, only when the natural ice along the entire course is at least thick; sometimes on consecutive years, other times with gaps that may exceed 20 years. When the ice is suitable, the tour is announced and starts within 48 hours. The Elfstedentocht has been declared to be in danger of "extinction" due to climate change. In the past 50 years, the ''Elfstedentocht'' has taken place only three times, most recently in 1997. Course a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jef Last
Josephus Carel Franciscus (Jef) Last (2 May 1898 in The Hague – 15 February 1972 in Laren) was a Dutch poet, writer, translator and cosmopolitan. Jef Last was a writer and socially compassionate man. He had a Catholic background. However, he was already a member of the SDAP and the "AJC" at a very young age. With these principles, he could not practice as an assistant manager of the Enka in Ede, leading to his resignation. He left the revisionist social democracy to become a member of Henk Sneevliet's Revolutionary Socialist Party. With his revolutionary friend André Gide, he traveled in the summer of 1936 to the Soviet Union. The pair was well received, but saw through the organized tribute and returned to the west disillusioned. Last wrote a book about his friendship with Gide. He last fought in the Spanish Civil War in the International Brigades, fighting on the side of the Spanish Republic. As a result, he lost his Dutch citizenship because of his military service t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state (polity), state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to Coup d'état, overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplomats, its officials, or its secret services for a hostile foreign power, or Regicide, attempting to kill its head of state. A person who commits treason is known in law as a traitor. Historically, in common law countries, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife or that of a master by his servant. Treason (i.e., disloyalty) against one's monarch was known as ''high treason'' and treason against a lesser superior was ''petty treason''. As jurisdictions around the world abolished petty treason, "treason" came to refer to what was historically known as high treason. At times, the term ''traitor'' has been used as a political epithet, regardless of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (), also known as the Loyalist faction () or the Government faction (), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist faction of the military rebellion. The name Republicans () was mainly used by its members and supporters, while its opponents used the term ''Rojos'' (Reds) to refer to this faction due to its left-leaning ideology, including far-left communist and Anarchism in Spain, anarchist groups, and the support it received from the Soviet Union. At the beginning of the war, the Republicans outnumbered the Nationalists by ten-to-one, but by January 1937 that advantage had dropped to four-to-one. Participants Political groups Popular Front Nationalists =Basque= * Basque nationalism ** Basque Nationalist Party ** Basque Nationalist Action =Catalan= * Catalan nationalism ** Republican Left of Catalonia ** Acció Cat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Deutsch
Julius Deutsch (February 2, 1884, Lackenbach, Austria-Hungary – January 17, 1968, Vienna, Austria) was a politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, member of Parliament between 1920 and 1933, and co-founder and leader of the Social Democrat militia ''Republikanischer Schutzbund'' ("Republican Defense Association"). Leader of the ''Schutzbund'' Julius Deutsch founded the ''Schutzbund'' in 1923 as an answer to the paramilitary organization ''Heimwehr'' ("Home Guard"), which was ideologically related to the Christian Social Party (Austria), Christian Social Party. He remained its leader until its destruction in 1934. Schutzbund members were primarily recruited out of the ''Deutschösterreichische Volkswehr'' ("German-Austrian People's Guard"). It had been organized by Deutsch himself as Under Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (November 1918 until March 1919) and as Secretary of State in the Department of Armed Forces (March 1919 until Octobe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durruti Column
The Durruti Column (Spanish: ''Columna Durruti''), with about 6,000 people, was the largest anarchist column (or military unit) formed during the Spanish Civil War. During the first months of the war, it became the most recognized and popular military organisation fighting against Franco, and it is a symbol of the Spanish anarchist movement and its struggle to create an egalitarian society with elements of individualism and collectivism. The column included people from all over the world. Philosopher Simone Weil fought alongside Buenaventura Durruti in the Durruti Column, and her memories and experiences from the war can be found in her book, ''Écrits historiques et politiques''. The Durruti Column was militarised in 1937, becoming part of the 26th Division on 28 April. History Formation The column was formed in Barcelona where, on 18 July 1936, the anarchists started fighting against General Goded and his armies. The republican government had done nothing to protect the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
