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François-Noël Buffet
François-Noël Buffet (; born 28 August 1963) is a French lawyer and politician who has served as Minister to Minister of the Interior Bruno Retailleau in the government of Prime Minister François Bayrou since December 2024. A member of The Republicans (LR), he previously served as Minister for the Overseas in the government of Prime Minister Michel Barnier between September and December 2024. Buffet was a Senator for Rhône from 2004 until his appointment to the government in 2024. Political career Buffet, who first entered the municipal council of Oullins in 1990, became Deputy Mayor of Oullins in 1995 under the mayorship of Michel Terrot. He served as Mayor of Oullins from 1997 to 2017. He has also served as a metropolitan councillor of Lyon since 2015. During his time in the Senate from 2004 to 2024, Buffet served on the Committee on Legal Affairs, which he chaired from 2020. Buffet briefly served as Minister of the Overseas in the government of Prime Minister Michel ...
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Minister (government)
A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the head of government is also a minister and is designated the ' prime minister', ' premier', 'chief minister', ' chancellor' or other title. In Commonwealth realm jurisdictions which use the Westminster system of government, ministers are usually required to be members of one of the houses of Parliament or legislature, and are usually from the political party that controls a majority in the lower house of the legislature. In other jurisdictions—such as Belgium, Mexico, Netherlands, Philippines, Slovenia, and Nigeria—the holder of a cabinet-level post or other government official is not permitted to be a member of the legislature. Depending on the administrative arrangements in each jurisdiction, ministers are usually heads of a government department and members of the government's ministry, cabinet and perhaps of ...
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The Republicans (France)
The Republicans (, ; LR) is a liberal-conservative List of political parties in France, political party in France, largely inspired by the tradition of Gaullism. The party was formed in 2015 as the refoundation of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), which had been established in 2002 under the leadership of the then-president of France, Jacques Chirac. LR is a member of the Centrist Democrat International and the European People's Party, and sits in the European People's Party Group in the European Parliament. The UMP used to be one of the two major party, major political parties in the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic, along with the centre-left Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party, before being eclipsed by the National Rally and Renaissance (French political party), Renaissance. The LR candidate in the 2017 French presidential election, 2017 presidential election, former Prime Minister François Fillon, placed third in the first round, with 20.0% of the vote. Fo ...
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2017 The Republicans (France) Leadership Election
A leadership election for the presidency of The Republicans (LR) was held on 10 December 2017, the first since the refoundation of the party in 2015, before which it was known as the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), and seventh overall including the UMP congresses. The leadership election followed the 2017 presidential election, in which its candidate François Fillon, the party nominee after winning the 2016 presidential primary, was eliminated in the first round. The party suffered further losses in the subsequent legislative elections, and the appointment of several right-wing ministers to the government of newly elected president Emmanuel Macron led to a split between "constructive" personalities and hardliners within the party, culminating in the expulsion of six prominent supporters and members of the government from The Republicans. With the presidency of the party officially vacant since Fillon won the primary in November 2016, the political bureau of the party sc ...
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L'Opinion (French Newspaper)
''L'Opinion'' () is a daily newspaper based in Paris, France, which has been in circulation since 2013. The paper has an economic liberal editorial stance. History and profile ''L'Opinion'' was first published on 15 May 2013. The website, launched on 14 May 2013, hosts all the print issues available in digital format. The founder of the paper is Nicolas Beytout who served as the editor of ''Le Figaro'' and '' Les Échos''. ''L'Opinion'' was modelled on the Italian daily ''Il Foglio'' and American political publication ''Politico''. ''L'Opinion'' is published by Bey Medias Presse and Internet. ''L'Opinion'' is headquartered in Paris and is published in Berliner format. The paper defines itself as a liberal, pro-business, and pro-European publication. Luc de Barochez is the editor-in-chief of the online version of the paper which is behind a paywall A paywall is a method of restricting access to content (media), content, with a purchase or a subscription business model, pa ...
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2017 French Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in France on 23 April and 7 May 2017. Incumbent president François Hollande of the Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party (PS) was eligible to run for a second term, but declared on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek reelection in light of low approval ratings, making him the first incumbent head of state of the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic not to seek reelection. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a Two-round system, runoff was held between the top two candidates, Emmanuel Macron of La République En Marche!, En Marche! (EM) and Marine Le Pen of the National Rally (France), National Front (FN), which Macron won with a difference of more than 30% of the vote. François Fillon of The Republicans (France), The Republicans (LR)—after winning the party's 2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary, first open primary—and Le Pen of the National Front led first-round Opinion polling for the 2017 French presid ...
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President Of France
The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency is the supreme magistracy of the country, the position is the highest office in France. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the prime minister and government of France, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the Second Republic. The president of the French Republic is the co-prince of Andorra, grand master of the Legion of Honour and of the National Order of Merit. The officeholder is also honorary proto-canon of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, although some have rejected the title in the past. The current president is Emmanuel Macron, who succeeded François Hollande on 14 May 2017 following the 2017 presidential election, and was inaugurated for a second term on 7 May ...
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François Fillon
François Charles Amand Fillon (; born 4 March 1954) is a French retired politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 2007 to 2012 under President Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the nominee of The Republicans (previously known as the Union for a Popular Movement), the country's largest centre-right political party, for the 2017 presidential election in which he ranked third in the first round of voting. Fillon became Jean-Pierre Raffarin's Minister of Labour in 2002 and undertook controversial reforms of the 35-hour working week law and of the French retirement system. In 2004, as Minister of National Education he proposed the much debated Fillon law on Education. In 2005, Fillon was elected senator for the Sarthe department. His role as a political advisor in Nicolas Sarkozy's successful race for president led to his becoming prime minister in 2007. Fillon resigned upon Sarkozy's defeat by François Hollande in the 2012 presidential elections. Running on a platform ...
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2016 The Republicans (France) Presidential Primary
The Republicans held a presidential primary election, officially called the open primary of the right and centre (), to select a candidate for the 2017 presidential election. It took place on 20 November 2016, with a runoff on 27 November since no candidate obtained at least 50% of the vote in the first round. It was the first time an open primary had been held for The Republicans or its predecessor parties. In the first round of The Republicans primary on 20 November, François Fillon won an upset victory with 44% of the vote, while Alain Juppé—long held by most opinion polls as the favourite to win the nomination—came in a distant second with 29%. Former President Nicolas Sarkozy, who was projected to come in second behind Juppé, was eliminated with just under 21% of the vote. In the runoff round, Fillon won by an even larger margin with nearly twice as many votes as Juppé (66.5% to 33.5%). Of the six departments and similar areas won by Sarkozy in the first round, all ...
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Lyon Metropolis
The Metropolis of Lyon (, ), also known as Grand Lyon (, "Greater Lyon"), is a French territorial collectivity in the east-central region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is a directly-elected metropolitan authority, encompassing both the city of Lyon, and most of its suburbs. It has jurisdiction both as a department, and as a metropolis, which excludes its territory from direct responsibility to the French government department of Rhône. It had a population of 1,424,069 in 2021,, 36.7% of whom lived in the city of Lyon proper. It replaced the Urban Community of Lyon on 1 January 2015, in accordance with the MAPAM law ( fr) enacted in January 2014. The first direct metropolitan elections were held in March (1st round) and June (2nd round) 2020, leading to a victory by The Ecologists. The president of the metropolitan council has been Green Party leader Bruno Bernard, since July 2020. Geography The Metropolis of Lyon covers an area of . It covers the city of Lyon and its main ...
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Métropole
A (; French for "metropolis") is an administrative entity in France, in which several communes cooperate, and which has the right to levy local tax, an ''établissement public de coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre''. It is the most integrated form of intercommunality in France, more than the , the ''communauté d'agglomération'' and the '' Communauté de communes''. The métropoles were created by a law of January 2014. As of January 2025, there are 19 métropoles, and 2 métropoles with special status: Paris and Marseille (all in metropolitan France).Nombre de groupements depuis le 1er janvier 2007
BANATIC. Accessed 28 May 2025. The

Municipal Council (France)
In France, a municipal council (French language, French: ''conseil municipal'', ) is an elected body of the Communes of France, commune responsible for "executing, in its deliberations, the business of the town" (translated). The council must meet at least once a Calendar year#Quarters, quarter, or at a request from at least one third of its members, but usually meets once a month. The council manages the smallest French territorial community with legal and financial autonomy, the commune. Participation in the Municipal council vote as a candidate or as an elector is a privilege given only to Citizenship of the European Union, European citizens. The Brexit, British choice and decision to leave the European Union on 1 February 2020 had the consequence that 800 elected ''conseillers municipaux'' of British nationality were no longer eligible to be re-elected on 15 March 2020. Composition The number of seats in the municipal council depends on the number of inhabitants. This nu ...
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2004 French Senate Election
Following the end of the 9-year terms of 127 "series C" senators, indirect senatorial elections were held in France on September 26, 2004. This was the last renewal of serie C senators- following the electoral reform, senators are not elected by thirds to nine-year terms but by halves to six-year terms. Since 2001, 10 seats had been added to Senate. This election elected Senators from 28 departments on the mainland (115 seats including 107 incumbents and 8 new seats), 2 from Guadeloupe and Martinique (5 seats including 4 incumbents and one new seat), 2 from overseas territories, Mayotte and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (3 seats including 2 incumbents and one new seat), and 4 senators representing French citizens abroad. The 117 incumbents were divided in the following way: * 65 from the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) group * 23 from the Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold som ...
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