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Franz Gräffer
Franz Gräffer (6 January 1785 – 8 October 1852) was an librarian, bookseller and writer from the Austrian Empire. He was a founder of the ''Österreichische National-Encyklopädie'', regarded as the first comprehensive reference work about Austria. Life Gräffer was born in Vienna in 1785; his father August Gräffer opened in 1790 a bookshop specializing in military books, and he wrote about military history. Franz in his early career joined his father's business. He later became librarian successively for Louis Bonaparte, for and for . Afterwards he opened an antiquarian bookshop and was a publisher, making unsuccessful plans to produce magazines. He also began the trade for autographs in Vienna."Gräffer, Franz (1785-1852), Schriftsteller und Verleger" ''Österreichisches B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a Multinational state, multinational European Great Powers, great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the Habsburg monarchy, realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, it was the third most populous monarchy in Europe after the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, while geographically, it was the third-largest empire in Europe after the Russian Empire and the First French Empire. The empire was proclaimed by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II in 1804 in response to Napoleon's declaration of the First French Empire, unifying all Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg possessions under one central government. It remained part of the Holy Roman Empire until the latter's dissolution in 1806. It continued fighting against Napoleon throughout the Napoleonic Wars, except for a period between 1809 and 1813, when Austria was first allied with Napoleon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. Its larger metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.9 million, representing nearly one-third of the country's population. Vienna is the Culture of Austria, cultural, Economy of Austria, economic, and Politics of Austria, political center of the country, the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fifth-largest city by population in the European Union, and the most-populous of the List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. The city lies on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (''Wienerwald''), the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps, that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria, at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Bonaparte
Louis Bonaparte (born Luigi Buonaparte; 2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846) was a younger brother of Napoleon, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French. He was a monarch in his own right from 1806 to 1810, ruling over the Kingdom of Holland (a French client state roughly corresponding to the modern-day Netherlands). In that capacity, he was known as Louis I (Dutch language, Dutch: Lodewijk I ). Louis was the fifth surviving child and fourth surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Bonaparte, Letizia Ramolino, out of eight children who lived past infancy. He and his siblings were all born in Corsica, which French conquest of Corsica, had been conquered by France less than a decade before his birth. Louis followed his older brothers into the French Army, where he benefited from Napoleon's patronage. In 1802, he married his step-niece Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress Joséphine (Napoleon's wife). In 1806, Napoleon I established the Kingdom o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autograph
An autograph is a person's own handwriting or signature. The word ''autograph'' comes from Ancient Greek (, ''autós'', "self" and , ''gráphō'', "write"), and can mean more specifically: Gove, Philip B. (ed.), 1981. ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'', p. 147. * a manuscript written by the author of its content. In this meaning the term ''autograph'' can often be used interchangeably with holograph. * a celebrity's handwritten signature. Autograph collecting is the activity of collecting such autographs. History What might be considered the oldest "autograph" is a Sumerian clay table from about 3100 BC which includes the name of the scribe Gar.Ama. No ancient written autographs have been found, and the earliest one known for a major historical figure is that of El Cid from 1098. Autograph manuscript "Autograph" can refer to a document transcribed entirely in the handwriting of its author, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by an amanuensis o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neue Deutsche Biographie
(''NDB''; Literal translation, literally ''New German Biography'') is a Biography, biographical reference work. It is the successor to the ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' (ADB, Universal German Biography). The 27 volumes published thus far cover more than 23,000 individuals and families who lived in the German language area (Sprachraum). NDB is published in Germany, German by the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities and printed by Duncker & Humblot in Berlin. The index and full-text articles of the first 26 volumes are freely available online via the website ''German Biography'' (''Deutsche Biographie'') and the Biographical Portal. Scope NDB is a comprehensive reference work, similar to ''Dictionary of National Biography'', ''Dictionary of American Biography'', ''American National Biography'', ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'', ''Dictionary of Australian Biography'', ''Dictionary of New Zealand Biography'', ''Diccionario Biográfico Esp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biographisches Lexikon Des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
''Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich'' (English, ''Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire'') (abbreviated ''Wurzbach'' from the author's surname) is a 60-volume work, edited and published by Constantin von Wurzbach, containing about 24,254 critical biographies of notable personages in every walk of life and from all parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy who were born, lived or worked there during the period 1750–1850. See also * ''Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950'' (ÖBL) References External links *ws Text at German-language Wikisource *alo Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreichat Austrian Literature Online **ws Volume 1 (1856): A – Blumenthal ** [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1785 Births
Events January–March * January 1 ** The Burmese Konbaung Dynasty annexes the Mrauk U Kingdom of Arakan. ** The first issue of the ''Daily Universal Register'', later known as ''The Times'', is published in London. * January 7 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a hydrogen gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. * January 11 – Richard Henry Lee is elected as President of the U.S. Congress of the Confederation.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p167 * January 20 – Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút: Invading Siamese forces, attempting to exploit the political chaos in Vietnam, are ambushed and annihilated at the Mekong River by the Tây Sơn. * January 27 – The University of Georgia in the United States is chartered by the Georgia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1852 Deaths
Events January–March * January 14 – President Napoleon III, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a French Constitution of 1852, new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come together to form what will become Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. * January 17 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the South African Republic, Transvaal. * February 3 – Battle of Caseros, Argentina: The Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos Province, Entre Rios and Corrientes, allied with Brazil and members of Colorado Party (Uruguay), Colorado Party of Uruguay, defeat Buenos Aires troops under Juan Manuel de Rosas. * February 11 – The first British public toilet for women opens in Bedford Street, London. * February 14 – The Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, admits its first patient. * February 15 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writers From Vienna
A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles, genres and techniques to communicate ideas, to inspire feelings and emotions, or to entertain. Writers may develop different forms of writing such as novels, short stories, monographs, travelogues, plays, screenplays, teleplays, songs, and essays as well as reports, educational material, and news articles that may be of interest to the general public. Writers' works are nowadays published across a wide range of media. Skilled writers who are able to use language to express ideas well, often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society. The term "writer" is also used elsewhere in the arts and music, such as songwriter or a screenwriter, but also a stand-alone "writer" typically refers to the creation of written language. Some writers work from an oral tradition. Writers can produce material across a number of genres, fictional or non-fictional. Other writers use multiple media such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Librarians From The Austrian Empire
A librarian is a person who professionally works managing information. Librarians' common activities include providing access to information, conducting research, creating and managing information systems, creating, leading, and evaluating educational programs, and providing instruction on information literacy to users. The role of the librarian has changed over time, with the past century in particular bringing many new media and technologies into play. From the earliest libraries in the ancient world to the modern information hub, there have been keepers and disseminators of the information held in data stores. Roles and responsibilities vary widely depending on the type of library, the specialty of the librarian, and the functions needed to maintain collections and make them available to its users. Education for librarianship has changed over time to reflect changing roles. History The ancient world The Sumerians were the first to train clerks to keep records of accounts. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
