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France–Gabon Relations
Franco-Gabonese relations are the current and historical relations between France and Gabon. Both nations are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the United Nations. Pre-independence relations France first established relations with Gabon in the early 19th century, signing protection treaties with local chiefs in 1839 and 1841. In 1885, during the scramble for Africa, France claimed Gabon as a territory. French administration formally began in 1903, and Gabon became part of the federation of French Equatorial Africa in 1910. The colony remained part of the federation until 1959. During World War II, Gabon was briefly under the control of Vichy France but was recaptured by Free French forces in November 1940 after the Battle of Gabon. Gabon achieved independence from France in August 1960, alongside the other territories of French Equatorial Africa. Post-independence relations Following independence, Gabon remained one of France's closest allies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateralism
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1964 United States Embassy In Libreville Bombings
The United States Embassy in Libreville, Gabon was bombed on 5 March 1964 and again on 8 March. Background Two weeks before the bombings, Gabon had undergone an abortive coup d'état against its president, Leon M'ba. Following the attempted coup, some Gabonese mistakenly identified the United States as a co-conspirator in the attempted coup. ''Time'' asserted that French officials helped spread the rumor of American involvement in the coup. Bombings On 5 March, William F. Courtney, deputy chief of the embassy, received a call from a man identifying himself as DuPont and demanding all Americans leave Gabon. Two other phone calls threatening an imminent attack were received by the United States Information Service. During a rainstorm about 8:15 that night, a small bomb exploded outside the embassy. The explosion, which occurred at a time when the building was closed and locked, resulted in damage to the embassy sign and the cracking of two windows. Following the bombing, French G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France–Gabon Relations
Franco-Gabonese relations are the current and historical relations between France and Gabon. Both nations are members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the United Nations. Pre-independence relations France first established relations with Gabon in the early 19th century, signing protection treaties with local chiefs in 1839 and 1841. In 1885, during the scramble for Africa, France claimed Gabon as a territory. French administration formally began in 1903, and Gabon became part of the federation of French Equatorial Africa in 1910. The colony remained part of the federation until 1959. During World War II, Gabon was briefly under the control of Vichy France but was recaptured by Free French forces in November 1940 after the Battle of Gabon. Gabon achieved independence from France in August 1960, alongside the other territories of French Equatorial Africa. Post-independence relations Following independence, Gabon remained one of France's closest allies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aimé Césaire
Aimé Fernand David Césaire (; ; 26 June 1913 – 17 April 2008) was a French poet, author, and politician from Martinique. He was "one of the founders of the Négritude movement in Francophone literature" and coined the word in French. He founded the Parti progressiste martiniquais in 1958, and served in the National Assembly (France), French National Assembly from 1945 to 1993 and as President of the Regional Council of Martinique from 1983 to 1988. He was also the Mayor of Fort-de-France for 56 years, from 1945–2001. His works include the book-length poem ''Cahier d'un retour au pays natal'' (1939), ''Une Tempête'', a response to William Shakespeare's play ''The Tempest'', and ''Discourse on colonialism, Discours sur le colonialisme'' (''Discourse on Colonialism''), an essay describing the strife between the colonizers and the colonized. Césaire's works have been translated into many languages. Student, educator and poet Aimé Césaire was born in Basse-Pointe, Mart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Council For Africa
The Presidential Council for Africa (}, CPA) is an advisory body founded by French president Emmanuel Macron in August 2017. The aim of the CPA is to provide independent advice to the French president on the relationship between Africa and France, and on general issues faced by Africa. The Council is an independent body, with its membership drawn from French and African members of civil society. Role The tasks of the Presidential Council for Africa consist of: * Reporting to the President on the state of the relationship between France and Africa, helping him to shape relevant African policy; * Identifying possibilities in growth sectors between France and Africa such as entrepreneurship, innovation, sustainable development and education, health, etc. ; * Inform the President on the perception of France and its policies in Africa by Africans themselves, especially the younger generations; * Develop a stronger relationship with African civil society and its diasporas to take bett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Françafrique
In international relations, () is France's sphere of influence (or in French, meaning 'backyard') over former French and (also French-speaking) Belgian colonies in sub-Saharan Africa. The term was derived from the expression , which was used by the first president of Ivory Coast, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, in 1955 to describe his country's close ties with France. It was later pejoratively renamed by François-Xavier Verschave in 1998 to criticise the alleged corrupt and clandestine activities of various Franco-African political, economic and military networks, also defined as France's neocolonialism. Following the accession to independence of its African colonies beginning in 1959, France continued to maintain a sphere of influence over the new countries, which was critical to then President Charles de Gaulle's vision of France as a global power (or in French) and as a bulwark to British and American influence in a post-colonial world. The United States supported France's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the List of cities proper by population density, 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, Fashion capital, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the French art, arts and Science and technology in France, sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libreville
Libreville (; ) is the capital and largest city of Gabon, located on the Gabon Estuary. Libreville occupies of the northwestern province of Estuaire Province, Estuaire. Libreville is also a port on the Gabon Estuary, near the Gulf of Guinea. As of the 2013 census, its population was 703,904. The area has been inhabited by the Mpongwe people since before the French acquired the land in 1839. It was later an American Christian Christian mission, mission, and a slave resettlement site, before becoming the chief port of the colony of French Equatorial Africa. By the time of Gabonese independence in 1960, the city was a trading post and minor administrative centre with a population of 32,000. Since 1960, Libreville has grown rapidly and now is home to one-third of the national population. History Various native peoples lived in or used the area that is now Libreville before colonization, including the Mpongwé tribe. French admiral Édouard Bouët-Willaumez negotiated a trade a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabonese Presidential Election, 2016
Presidential elections were held in Gabon on 27 August 2016. Incumbent President Ali Bongo ran for re-election and was challenged by former Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean Ping. On 31 August, the electoral commission proclaimed Bongo's re-election with a margin of less than two percent. Large protests broke out in the capital Libreville after the results were announced.Gabon election: Protests as Ali Bongo beats Jean Ping Al Jazeera, 31 August 2016 Irregularities such as Haut-Ogoou showing that 99.9% of the electorate had voted and Bongo had received 95.5% of the votes led to observers questioning the conduct of the election.
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Ali Bongo Ondimba
Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain-Bernard Bongo; 9 February 1959) also known as Ali Ben Bongo is a Gabonese former politician and dictator who was the third president of Gabon from 2009 until he was deposed in a 2023 Gabonese coup d'état, coup in 2023. A member of the Gabonese Democratic Party, Bongo is the son of Omar Bongo, who was president from 1967 until his death in 2009. During his father's presidency, Bongo was Minister for Foreign Affairs (Gabon), Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1991, represented Bongoville as a deputy in the National Assembly of Gabon, National Assembly from 1991 to 1999, and was the Ministry of National Defense (Gabon), Minister of National Defense from 1999 to 2009. After his father's death, Bongo was elected president in the 2009 Gabonese presidential election, 2009 presidential election, marking the first political dynasty in the country. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Chirac
Jacques René Chirac (, ; ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and 1986 to 1988, as well as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995. After attending the , Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, entering politics shortly thereafter. Chirac occupied various senior positions, including minister of agriculture and minister of the interior. In 1981 and 1988, he unsuccessfully ran for president as the standard-bearer for the conservative Gaullist party Rally for the Republic (RPR). Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation. After pursuing these policies in his second term as prime minister, Chirac changed his views. He argued for different economic policies and was elected president in 1995, with 52.6% of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
