|
Francesco Grazioli
Francesco Saverio Grazioli ( – February 20, 1951) was an Italian general and politician who was a Senator of the Kingdom of Italy from May 10, 1929, to August 5, 1943. He was also a veteran of World War I, commanding the VIII Corps during the Italian front and at the Battle of Caporetto. Biography Born into a family of wealthy agrarians of Papal tradition, in 1883 he entered the military college of his hometown and three years later, was admitted to the Military Academy of Modena, where he served two years before moving on to the in Turin, where he met Giulio Douhet. From 1896 to 1898, he was stationed in Eritrea after his repatriation. In 1899 Grazioli entered the War School of Civitavecchia, where he finished his military studies. In October 1900, he married Anna Agnese Bianco and from the marriage, Andreina was born the following year. Grazioli transferred in January 1901 to the General Staff of the 16th Territorial Division at Livorno and in the following July, he was ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Emmanuel III Of Italy
Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. He also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–1941) and King of the Albanians (1939–1943). During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two world wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of Italian Fascism and its regime. During the First World War, Victor Emmanuel III accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Paolo Boselli and named Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (the ''premier of victory'') in his place. Despite being on the winning side of the First World War, Italy did not get all the territories which had been promised to it in the 1915 Treaty of London; the Treaty of Versailles, ending the war, failed to give Italy its demands for Fiume and Dalmatia. This mutilated victor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia (; meaning "ancient town") is a city and ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Rome in the central Italian region of Lazio. A sea port on the Tyrrhenian Sea, it is located west-north-west of Rome. The harbour is formed by two piers and a breakwater, on which stands a lighthouse. Civitavecchia had a population of around 53,000 . History The modern city was built over a pre-existing Etruscan settlement. The harbour was constructed by the Emperor Trajan at the beginning of the 2nd century. The first occurrence of the name ''Centum Cellae'' is from a letter by Pliny the Younger (AD 107). The origin of the name is disputed: it has been suggested that it could refer to the ''centum'' ("hundred") halls of the villa of the emperor. The modern harbour works rest on the ancient foundations. Remains of an aqueduct and other Roman buildings are preserved, and the imperial family had a villa here. In the early Middle Ages (530s), ''Centumcellae'' was a Byzantine strongh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attilio Teruzzi
Attilio Teruzzi (5 May 1882 – 26 April 1950) was an Italian soldier, colonial administrator, and Fascist politician. Born in Milan, Teruzzi completed military studies and was promoted colonel in the Italian Army at the unusual age of 28. In 1911, he served in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War – taking part in the victory at Misrata (''Misrata''). He later captured Nalut, and was wounded in the battle over Fezzan – being awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor. After service in World War I (when he was again decorated), Teruzzi took leave from the army in 1920, in order to engage in Fascist politics. He was an enthusiastic adherent to Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party, and the party's deputy-secretary in 1921 – the year he also took part in the March on Rome, as a commander of Blackshirt squads from Emilia-Romagna. After the Fascist takeover, Teruzzi was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1924 and gained successive terms. An undersecretary in the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March On Rome
The March on Rome ( it, Marcia su Roma) was an organized mass demonstration and a coup d'état in October 1922 which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (PNF) ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy. In late October 1922, Fascist Party leaders planned an insurrection to take place by marching on the capital. On 28 October, the fascist demonstrators and Blackshirt paramilitaries approached Rome; Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege, but this was overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III, who, fearing bloodshed, persuaded Facta to resign by threatening to abdicate. On 30 October 1922, the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, thereby transferring political power to the fascists without armed conflict. On 31 October the fascist blackshirts paraded in Rome, while Mussolini formed his coalition government. Background In March 1919, Benito Mussolini founded the first Italian Fasces of Combat (FIC) at the beginning of the so-called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Staff (Italy)
{{Italy-mil-stub ...
The Army Staff (''Stato maggiore dell'Esercito'' or ''SME'') is the army staff for the Italian Army. With the creation of the posts of Chief of the Defence Staff and the Defence Staff, the Army Staff has shifted away from the army's political definition to focus on study, research, development and general organization. External links *http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Organizzazione/Organizzazione%20Centrale/Stato%20Maggiore%20Esercito/Pagine/default.aspx Staff Staff may refer to: Pole * Staff, a weapon used in stick-fighting ** Quarterstaff, a European pole weapon * Staff of office, a pole that indicates a position * Staff (railway signalling), a token authorizing a locomotive driver to use a particula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interwar Period
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The interwar period was relatively short, yet featured many significant social, political, and economic changes throughout the world. Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation led to the prosperous Roaring Twenties, a time of both social mobility and economic mobility for the middle class. Automobiles, electric lighting, radio, and more became common among populations in the developed world. The indulgences of the era subsequently were followed by the Great Depression, an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn that severely damaged many of the world's largest economies. Politically, the era coincided with the rise of communism, starting in Russia with the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, at the end of World War I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Regency Of Carnaro
The Italian Regency of Carnaro ( it, Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro), also known in Italian as (), was a self-proclaimed state in the city of Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia) led by Gabriele d'Annunzio between 1919 and 1920. ''Impresa di Fiume'' During World War I (1914–1918), Italy made a pact with the Allies, the Treaty of London (1915), in which it was promised all of the Austrian Littoral, but not the city of Fiume. After the war, at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, this delineation of territory was confirmed, with Fiume (or Rijeka) remaining outside of Italian borders and amalgamated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. As a nationalist, Gabriele D'Annunzio was angered by what he considered to be the surrender of an Italian city. On 12 September 1919, he led a force that was about 2,600-strong and drawn mostly from former or serving members of the Granatieri di Sardegna brigade of the Royal Italian Army, as well as Italian nationalists and irredentists. Many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vittorio Veneto
Vittorio Veneto is a city and ''comune'' situated in the Province of Treviso, in the region of Veneto, Italy, in the northeast of Italy, between the Piave and the Livenza rivers, borders with the following municipalities: Alpago ( BL), Belluno (BL), Cappella Maggiore, Colle Umberto, Conegliano, Fregona, Limana (BL), Revine Lago, San Pietro di Feletto, Tarzo. Name The city is an amalgamation of two former ''comuni'', Cèneda and Serravalle, which were joined into one municipality in 1866 and named Vittorio after the King of Italy, Vittorio Emanuele II. The battle fought nearby in November 1918 became generally known as the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, and the city's name was officially changed to Vittorio Veneto in July 1923. Starting from the end of the nineteenth century, new neighborhoods were created around the road that connected the two towns, the current Viale della Vittoria, so that the union was also physical, and the town hall itself was placed halfway. However, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piave (river)
The Piave ( la, Plavis, German: ''Ploden'') is a river in northern Italy. It begins in the Alps and flows southeast for into the Adriatic Sea near the city of Venice. One of its tributaries is the Boite. In 1809 it was the scene of a battle during the Napoleonic Wars, in which Franco-Italian and Austrian forces clashed. In 1918, during World War I, it was the scene of Battle of the Piave River, the last major Austro-Hungarian attack on the Italian Front, which failed. The Battle of the Piave River was a decisive battle of World War I on the Italian Front. The river is thus called in Italy ''Fiume Sacro alla Patria'' (Sacred River of the Homeland) and is mentioned in the patriotic song " La leggenda del Piave". It was eventually followed by the Battle of Vittorio Veneto later that year. Viticulture North of the city of Venice along the Piave river valley is the ''Denominazione di origine controllata'' (DOC) zone that makes up the Veneto wine region known as the Piave DOC. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arditi
Arditi (from the Italian verb ''ardire'', lit. "to dare", and translates as "The Daring nes) was the name adopted by a Royal Italian Army elite special force of World War I. They and the opposing German '' Stormtroopers'' were the first modern shock troops, and they have been defined "the most feared corps by opposing armies". ''Reparti d'assalto'' (Assault Units) were formed in the summer of 1917 by Colonel Bassi, and were assigned the tactical role of shock troops, breaching enemy defenses in order to prepare the way for a broad infantry advance. The ''Arditi'' were not units within infantry divisions, but were considered a separate combat arm. The ''Reparti d'assalto'' were successful in bringing in a degree of movement to what had previously been a war of entrenched positions. They won numerous engagements armed mainly with daggers and hand grenades, which proved very effective in the confined space of a trench. Their exploits on the battlefield were exemplary and they ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto Pollio
Alberto Pollio (21 April 1852 – 1 July 1914) was an Italian general, who was Chief of Staff of the Regio Esercito, Italian army from 1908 to his death. Life and early career Pollio was born in Caserta, son of Michele and Maria Oberty; at a young age he enrolled into the Nunziatella, Nunziatella military school, then he attended the Military Academy of Modena, becoming in 1870 an artillery officer. In 1887 he was named aide de camp of King Umberto I, then from 1893 to 1897 military attache to the Italian embassy in Austria-Hungary, Wien, then he was appointed commander of the ''Siena'' brigade and then of two different divisions of the Italian army. He wrote an essay on Napoleon and his Waterloo Campaign, Waterloo campaign, and one on the Battle of Custoza (1866), which drew praise even from abroad. Chief of Staff In 1908, when the Chief of Staff of the Italian Army Tancredi Saletta retired, the position was offered to General Luigi Cadorna; however, he requested that his su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
