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Fraley Syndrome
Fraley syndrome is a condition where the superior infundibulum of the upper calyx of the kidney is obstructed by the crossing renal (upper or middle section) artery branch, causing distension and dilatation of the calyx and presenting clinically as haematuria and nephralgia (ipsilateral flank pain). Furthermore, when the renal artery obstructs the proximal collecting system, filling defects can occur anywhere in the calyces, pelvis, or ureter. The condition was first described in the ''New England Journal of Medicine'' by urologist Elwin E. Fraley in December 1966. While this is a rare disorder, most cases are asymptomatic. When complications do arise, it can be treated surgically after testing is done to identify the renal vasculature that is impacting renal output. Another possible cause for similar hydronephrosis is megacalicosis, for which surgery is considered inappropriate. Signs and symptoms The signs and symptoms of this disorder can vary from asymptomatic microhematuri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haematuria
Hematuria or haematuria is defined as the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine. "Gross hematuria" occurs when urine appears red, brown, or tea-colored due to the presence of blood. Hematuria may also be subtle and only detectable with a microscope or laboratory test. Blood that enters and mixes with the urine can come from any location within the urinary system, including the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, and in men, the prostate. Common causes of hematuria include Urinary tract infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), Kidney Stones, kidney stones, viral illness, trauma, bladder cancer, and exercise. These causes are grouped into glomerular and non-glomerular causes, depending on the involvement of the Glomerulus (kidney), glomerulus of the kidney. But not all red urine is hematuria. Other substances such as certain medications and some foods (e.g. blackberries, beets, food dyes) can cause urine to appear red. Menstruation in women may also cause the appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
