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Fourth Army (Romania)
The Fourth Army (Armata a 4-a Română) was a field army (a military formation) of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s. Its successor is the 4th Infantry Division (Romania), 4th Infantry Division. History World War I The Fourth Army fought under the name of "Northern Army" or "Army of the North" (''Armata de Nord'') in the Romania in World War I, Romanian Campaign of World War I, under the command of General Constantin Prezan. Units under its command took part in the First Battle of Oituz, Battle of the Eastern Carpathians, Battle of Prunaru, and the Battle of Bucharest. As Russian forces took over its front, the Northern Army was disbanded in December 1916 and its units were redeployed to other fronts, under command of the First Army (Romania), 1st and Second Army (Romania), 2nd Romanian Armies. The commanders of the Northern Army were: * Divisional General Constantin Prezan: 15 August 1916 – 9 November 1916 * Divisional General Constantin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Land Forces
The Romanian Land Forces () is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces. Since 2007, full professionalization and a major equipment overhaul have transformed the nature of the Land Forces. The Romanian Land Forces was founded on . It participated in the Romanian War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Second Balkan War against Bulgaria, Romania in World War I, World War I against the Central Powers (in which it won the decisive battles of Battle of Mărăști, Mărăști and Battle of Mărășești, Mărășești), and the Hungarian–Romanian War. During most of World War II (until 1944), Romanian forces supported the Axis powers, fighting against the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front. From August 1944 until the end of the war, Romania fought against Germany under the control of the Soviet Union. When the Communism, communists seized power after the Second World War, the army underwent reorganisation and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation München
Operation München () was the Romania, Romanian codename of a joint Nazi Germany, German-Romanian offensive during the Operation Barbarossa, German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II, with the primary objective of recapturing Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region, ceded by Romania to the Soviet Union a year before (Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina). The operation started during the night of 2–3 July 1941 and concluded successfully after 24 days of fighting. Axis formations involved included the Romanian Third Army (Romania), Third Army (under the command of Petre Dumitrescu) in the north; the German 11th Army (Wehrmacht), Eleventh Army and subordinated Romanian units (under the command of Eugen Ritter von Schobert) in the center; and the Romanian Fourth Army (Romania), Fourth Army (under the command of Nicolae Ciupercă) in the south. The invasion was followed by a genocide against the Jewish population of Bessarabia. The offen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Army (Romania)
The First Army was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces, active from 1916 to 2000. The successor of the First Army was the 1st Infantry Division (Romania), 1st Infantry Division. World War I The First Army took part in the Romania during World War I, Romanian Campaign of World War I. Its commanders during that time were : * Divisional general, Divisional General Ioan Culcer: 15 August 1916 – 11 October 1916 * Brigadier general, Brigadier General Ioan Dragalina: 11 October 1916 – 12 October 1916 * Brigadier General Nicolae Petala: 13 October 1916 – 21 October 1916 * Brigadier General Paraschiv Vasilescu: 21 October 1916 – 12 November 1916 * Brigadier General Dumitru Stratilescu: 13 November 1916 – 19 December 1916 * Divisional General Constantin Christescu: 11 June 1917 – 30 July 1917 * Divisional General Eremia Grigorescu: 30 July 1917 – 1 July 1918 World War II During Operation München, when Kingdom of Romania, Romania entered World War II on the side ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1916 - Generalul Constantin Prezan
Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Empire, British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that has been stored and cooled. * January 9 – WWI: Gallipoli Campaign – The last British troops are evacuated from Gallipoli, as the Ottoman Empire prevails over a joint British and French operation to capture Constantinople. * January 10 – WWI: Erzurum Offensive – Russia defeats the Ottoman Empire. * January 12 – The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, part of the British Empire, is established in modern-day Tuvalu and Kiribati. * January 13 – WWI: Battle of Wadi (1916), Battle of Wadi – Ottoman Empire forces defeat the British, during the Mesopotamian campaign in modern-day Iraq. * January 29 – WWI: Paris is bombed by German Empire, German zeppelins. * January 31 – WWI: An attack is planned on Verdun, France. Febru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Infantry Division (Romania)
The 4th Infantry Division ''Gemina'' is one of the major units of the Romanian Land Forces, with its headquarters in Cluj-Napoca. Until 15 June 2008 it was designated as the 4th Territorial Army Corps " Mareșal Constantin Prezan" (''Corpul 4 Armată Territorial "Mareșal Constantin Prezan"''). It is the heraldic successor of the Fourth Army. Structure * 4th Infantry Division " Gemina", in Cluj-Napoca ** 3rd Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Group, in Bistrița ** 4th Logistics Base " Transilvania", in Dej ** 15th Mechanized Brigade " Podu Înalt", in Iași ** 61st Mountain Hunters Brigade "Virgil Bădulescu", in Miercurea Ciuc ** 81st Mechanized Brigade "General Grigore Bălan", in Bistrița ** 50th Anti-aircraft Missile Regiment " Andrei Mureșianu", in Florești ** 53rd Engineer Battalion " Scorilo", in Deva ** 55th Communication and Informatics Battalion (CIS) " Napoca", in Cluj-Napoca ** 69th Mixed Artillery Regiment "Silvania", in Șimleu Silvaniei ** 72nd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Formation
Military organization ( AE) or military organisation ( BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit). In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures. History The use of formalized ranks in a hierarchical structure came into widespread use with the Roman Army. The Roman Army was organized into legions, each comprising around 5000 soldiers and led by a legate. Each legion was further divided into centuries which were led by centurions. In modern times, executive control, management and administration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Army
A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps. It may be subordinate to an army group. Air army, Air armies are the equivalent formations in air forces, and Naval fleet, fleets in navy, navies. A field army is composed of 80,000 to 300,000 soldiers. History Specific field armies are usually named or numbered to distinguish them from "army" in the sense of an entire national defence force or land force. In English language, English, the typical orthography, orthographic style for writing out the names field armies is Numeral (linguistics), word numbers, such as "First Army"; whereas corps are usually distinguished by Roman numerals (e.g. I Corps) and subordinate formations with ordinal number (linguistics), ordinal numbers (e.g. 1st Division). A field army may be given a geographical name in addition to or as an alternative to a numerical name, such as the British Army of the Rhine, Army of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Turda
The Battle of Turda lasted from 5 September to 8 October 1944, in the area around Turda, Kingdom of Romania, as part of the wider Battle of Romania. Troops from the Hungarian 2nd Army and the German 8th Army fought a defensive action against Romanian and Soviet forces. The battle was one of the largest fought in Transylvania during World War II. Prelude Prior to the battle, Soviet units of the 2nd Ukrainian Front occupied the Vulcan Pass, as well as the cities of Brașov and Sibiu. The Red Army intended to capture Cluj—the historical capital of Transylvania—without much effort. While continuing to advance toward the Mureș River, which the Hungarian 2nd Armored Division had been able to cross, they collided with and stopped the Hungarian units; the 2nd Hungarian Army was forced to take a defensive stance on 10 September 1944. The battle The Soviet Stavka (high command), was surprised by the unexpected Hungarian offensive, and decided to strengthen its forces in the ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Târgu Frumos
The Battle of Târgu Frumos, also known as the Târgu Frumos Operation, occurred during Spring 1944 in World War II in and around the town of Târgu Frumos in Iași County, Moldavia, Romania. It was fought between Soviet forces (the Red Army) and Axis forces (the German Wehrmacht and Romanian forces) and, according to David Glantz, it was within the Soviet Union's First Jassy-Kishinev Offensive. The same historian had earlier concluded that the battle was instead a successful example of Soviet '' maskirovka'', meant to trick the Germans into believing the region continued to be in their strategic interest after the end of the Uman–Botoșani Offensive. The term may apply to either to the entire scope of conflict in the area over a longer time, but often refers specifically to the battle in May. For example, a military unit or an individual can be said to have served in the battle. *First Battle of Târgu Frumos, 9–12 April 1944: the Red Army took the town but was pushed out. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive
The first Jassy–Kishinev offensive, named after the two major cities in the area, Jassy and Kishinev, was a series of military engagements between 8 April and 6 June 1944 (according to David Glantz) by the Soviet Union and Axis powers. Richard C. Hall also refers to a first Jassy–Kishinev operation which began on 5 April, without providing an exact date for its end. According to Glantz, the purported offensive was a coordinated invasion of Romania conducted by Red Army's 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts, in accordance with Joseph Stalin's strategy of projecting Soviet military power and political influence into the Balkans. However, according to the German Military History Research Office, a threatened Soviet offensive in northern Moldavia "failed to materialize" in the first part of April, and the military engagements during the rest of the month were used by the Axis forces to straighten the frontline; furthermore, on 6 May, the main command of the Soviet military (''Stavk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
