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Fourth Army (France)
The Fourth Army (), nicknamed the "Army of Fontainebleau", was a military unit, unit of the French Army, which fought during World War I and World War II. It was one of five armies created and placed on a war footing by the ''Grand Quartier Général (1914–1919), Grand Quartier Général'' when Plan XVII was launched in response to the German attack of August 1914. Commanders World War I Commanders image:IV armée Gouraud 819.jpg, Tribute to the Fourth Army which liberated Sommepy-Tahure. * General Fernand de Langle de Cary (2 August 191411 December 1915) * General Henri Gouraud (11 December 191519 December 1916) * General Émile Fayolle (19 December 191631 December 1916) * General Pierre Roques (31 December 191623 March 1917) * General François Anthoine (23 March 191715 June 1917) * General Henri Gouraud (15 June 19178 October 1919) Chief of Staff * General Paul Maistre (2 August12 September 1914) * Colonel Alphonse Nudant (12 September21 November 1914) * Colonel (21 Novemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Unit
Military organization ( AE) or military organisation ( BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit). In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures. History The use of formalized ranks in a hierarchical structure came into widespread use with the Roman Army. The Roman Army was organized into legions, each comprising around 5000 soldiers and led by a legate. Each legion was further divided into centuries which were led by centurions. In modern times, executive control, management and administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphonse Nudant
Alphonse Pierre Nudant was a French general who participated in World War I. He commanded several units throughout his service in the war, notably becoming part of the Chief of Staff of the French Fourth Army. Biography Nudant was born in Ladoix-Serrigny, Côte-d'Or in 1861. He entered service in the French Army in 1881 and after two years of service in the ranks as a volunteer in the 5th Artillery Regiment, he joined the École polytechnique in 1883. In 1894 he was promoted to captain. In 1898, he was patented by the staff, ranked first out of 83 competitors. He was promoted to squadron leader in 1905. Two years later, he became assistant professor at the École Supérieure de Guerre where he taught the staff several courses. It was there that he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in 1911. Nudant was promoted to colonel in June 1914 on the brink of World War I. On 2 August 1914 Nudant became part of the Chief of Staff of the Fourth Army. On 12 September 1914 he was temporari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Maistre
Paul André Marie Maistre, (20 June 1858 – 25 July 1922) was a highly decorated French general who fought in World War I. He graduated from Saint Cyr in 1877, first in his class. He later returned as an instructor. He was promoted to captain in 1887, major in 1898, and general in 1912. In 1914 he was chief of staff for the Fourth Army. When the war began he was promoted to general of division and took command of XXI Corps, fighting numerous battles on the Western Front. In May 1917 Maistre was given command of the Sixth Army after the failure of the Nivelle Offensive. His combat troops, however, were mutinous, and let known their opposition to his planned offensive against the German line. He backed down. By June 1917, there was serious unrest in 11 of his 17 divisions. By October 1917, however, he had restored discipline and went on the offensive. He was victorious at Battle of La Malmaison. Maistre briefly commanded French forces in Italy, but in Spring of 1918 he was giv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Anthoine
François Paul Anthoine (28 February 1860 – 25 December 1944) was a French Army general during the First World War. When the Great War began, Anthoine was General Castelnau's Chief of Staff ( Second Army). Anthoine played an important role in Robert Nivelle's ill-fated campaign in spring 1917. Anthoine was eventually promoted to command French Fourth Army in March 1917 then French First Army in June 1917. At the Third Battle of Ypres in autumn 1917, Anthoine and the First Army participated in the attacks on the northern flank of the salient and guarded the BEF's northern flank from enemy attack across the Yser Canal. Herbert Plumer's Second Army was given a parallel task, attacking the southern flank of the salient and guarding the BEF's southern flank. Anthoine then served as chief of staff to Petain, French commander in chief, but was dismissed as he was thought “too pessimistic” after the near catastrophe of the Third Battle of the Aisne The Third Battle o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Roques
Pierre Auguste Roques (28 December 1856 – 26 February 1920) was a French general and creator of the French air force. Biography Born to a modest family in Marseillan, Hérault, his lively intelligence earned him a study grant that allowed him to prepare for the entrance examinations to the École Polytechnique. He entered the École Polytechnique in 1877 and became a friend of Joseph Joffre. Having chosen the military engineering branch of the army he was commissioned as an officer in 1879 (at that time, more engineering than military). During his colonial campaigns, he created a vast number of structures (railways, bridges, roads) in Tonkin, Algeria and, above all, in Madagascar. According to historians, this island owes a large part of its infrastructure to Roques. By 1906, Roques had been promoted to the rank of ''général de brigade''. As Director of Engineering, Roques was preoccupied from 1906 with the management of the new air service. He was the founder and organise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile Fayolle
Marie Émile Fayolle (14 May 1852 – 27 August 1928) was a French general during World War I and a diplomat, elevated to the dignity of Marshal of France. Early life Marie Émile Fayolle was born on 14 May 1852, in Puy-en-Velay, at ''9 rue du Chenebouterie'', a road renamed in 1961 ''"rue du Maréchal-Fayolle"''. He is the first of six children born from the marriage of Jean Pierre Auguste Fayolle, lacemaker in Le Puy, and his wife Marie Rosine Badiou. He married in 1883 to Marie Louise Augustine Collangettes, in Clermont-Ferrand, and had two children. He is the grandfather of the pilot Émile Fayolle and the great-grandfather of Anne Pingeotb, mother of Mazarine Pingeot. Fayolle studied at the ''École polytechnique'' from 1873, where he graduated with the class of 1875 and was commissioned into the artillery. Military career During his career he served in the artillery. He participated in the French conquest of Tunisia, Pacification of Tunisia in 1881. Promoted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Gouraud
Henri Gouraud (17 November 1867 - 16 September 1946) was a French army general. He played a central role in the colonization of French Africa and the Levant. During World War I, he fought in major battles such as those of the Argonne, the Dardanelles, and Champagne. An important figure in the aftermath of the Ottoman Empire, he served as High Commissioner of the French Republic in the Levant from 1919 to 1922, during which he led military campaigns in Cilicia and Syria. Affiliated with the colonial party, Gouraud was an active colonizer, influenced by figures such as Joseph Gallieni and Hubert Lyautey. His name remains closely associated with the conquest of Sudan, Mauritania, Chad, and Morocco, and his arrest of Samory Touré in September 1898 marked a turning point in the French colonization of West Africa. This act brought him to prominence at a time when France sought to overcome the humiliation of the Fashoda Incident. During World War I, Gouraud distinguished himself b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernand De Langle De Cary
Fernand Louis Armand Marie de Langle de Cary (4 July 1849 – 19 February 1927) was a French general during World War I. He commanded the Fourth Army when the war began. Early life Fernand Louis Armand Marie De Langle De Cary (1849-1927) was born at Lorient July 4, 1849, entered the St. Cyr military school in 1867 and left at the head of his class in 1869, being commissioned to the Chasseurs d'Afrique. He participated in the Franco-Prussian War, during which he was wounded and given a medal for bravery. After the war he received army staff training and served for a time as a professor at the French military academy. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1900 and given the command of a cavalry brigade in Algeria.In 1912, he was made a member of the Conseil Supérieur de la Guerre which carried with it the command of an army in war. World War I Commands At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, de Langle de Cary was placed in command of the Fourth Army. In concert wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IV Armée Gouraud 819
IV may refer to: Businesses and organizations In the United States *Immigration Voice, an activist organization * Intellectual Ventures, a privately held intellectual property company *InterVarsity Christian Fellowship Elsewhere * Federation of Austrian Industries () *Irish Volunteers, a military organization *Italia Viva, an Italian centrist political party Music *Subdominant, in music theory Recordings * ''IV'' (The Aggrolites album), 2009 * ''IV'' (Angband album), 2020 * ''IV'' (BadBadNotGood album), 2016 * ''IV'' (Black Mountain album), 2016 * ''IV'' (Cypress Hill album), 1998 * ''IV'' (Diamond Rio album), 1996 * ''IV'' (Goatsnake album), 1998 * ''IV'' (Godsmack album), 2006 * ''IV'' (Hiroyuki Sawano album), 2021 * ''I.V.'' (Loma Prieta album), 2012 * ''IV'' (Maylene and the Sons of Disaster album), 2011 * ''IV'' (Ton Steine Scherben album), 1981 * ''IV'' (The Stranglers album), 1980 * ''IV'' (To/Die/For album), 2004 * ''IV'' (Veruca Salt album), 2006 * ''IV'' (Winger album), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plan XVII
Plan XVII () was the name of a "scheme of mobilisation and concentration" which the French (the peacetime title of the French ) developed from 1912 to 1914, to be put into effect by the French Army in the event of war between France and Germany. The plan was for the mobilisation, concentration and deployment of the French armies to make possible an invasion either of Germany or of (neutral) Belgium or of both, before Germany completed the mobilisation of its reserves simultaneous with an expected Russian offensive. The French generals implemented the plan from 7 August 1914, with disastrous consequences for their armies, which suffered defeat in the Battle of the Frontiers at a cost of The French armies (and the British Expeditionary Force) in Belgium and northern France were forced into a retreat as far as the Marne river, where at the First Battle of the Marne the German armies were defeated and forced to retreat to the Aisne river, eventually leading to the Race t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Quartier Général (1914–1919)
The (abbreviated to GQG or in spoken French) was the general headquarters of the French Army during the First World War. It served as the wartime equivalent of the and had extensive powers within an area defined by the French parliament. The GQG was activated by parliament on 2 August 1914, after the violation of French borders by German military patrols, and remained in existence until 20 October 1919. GQG was commanded by the chief of staff, assisted by a varying number of subordinate generals, and had representatives to the French government and president. The headquarters of GQG was originally at Vitry-le-François in the Marne department but rapid German advances in the early stages of the war forced its withdrawal to Chantilly, near Paris, by November 1914. It remained there for much of the rest of the war. General Joseph Joffre served as the first chief of staff of GQG from the start of the war until December 1916, when he was replaced by General Robert Nivelle. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
