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Fostering (falconry)
Fostering, in falconry and reintroduction of birds, is a method of breeding birds for their introduction into the wild that consists of placing chicks in the nest of a couple that has others of a similar age and size. Sometimes it can also be used when the chicks have already left the nest but continue to be fed by their parents. This method can be used in those species that do not have siblicide behaviors and that are capable of carrying out this adoption without rejecting the new chicks. In addition, the parents must have previously been assessed to find out if they are capable of feeding more chicks. See also * Cross-fostering * Hack (falconry) * Hand-rearing * Human-guided migration * Puppet-rearing Puppet-rearing is a method of breeding birds in captivity for their reintroduction into the wild that consists of feeding chicks with puppets that simulate adults of their species to avoid direct contact with humans. Through imprinting, bird ... References {{Reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falconry
Falconry is the hunting of wild animals in their natural state and habitat by means of a trained bird of prey. Small animals are hunted; squirrels and rabbits often fall prey to these birds. Two traditional terms are used to describe a person involved in falconry: a "falconer" flies a falcon; an "austringer" (Old French origin) flies a hawk ('' Accipiter'', some buteos and similar) or an eagle (''Aquila'' or similar). In modern falconry, the red-tailed hawk (''Buteo jamaicensis''), Harris's hawk (''Parabuteo unicinctus''), and the peregrine falcon (''Falco perigrinus'') are some of the more commonly used birds of prey. The practice of hunting with a conditioned falconry bird is also called "hawking" or "gamehawking", although the words hawking and hawker have become used so much to refer to petty traveling traders, that the terms "falconer" and "falconry" now apply to most use of trained birds of prey to catch game. Many contemporary practitioners still use these words in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reintroduction
Species reintroduction is the deliberate release of a species into the wild, from captivity or other areas where the organism is capable of survival. The goal of species reintroduction is to establish a healthy, genetically diverse, self-sustaining population to an area where it has been extirpated, or to augment an existing population. Species that may be eligible for reintroduction are typically threatened or endangered in the wild. However, reintroduction of a species can also be for pest control; for example, wolves being reintroduced to a wild area to curb an overpopulation of deer. Because reintroduction may involve returning native species to localities where they had been extirpated, some prefer the term "reestablishment". Humans have been reintroducing species for food and pest control for thousands of years. However, the practice of reintroducing for conservation is much younger, starting in the 20th century. Methods for sourcing individuals There are a variety of appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chick (young Bird)
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nest
A nest is a structure built for certain animals to hold eggs or young. Although nests are most closely associated with birds, members of all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates construct nests. They may be composed of organic material such as twigs, grass, and leaves, or may be a simple depression in the ground, or a hole in a rock, tree, or building. Human-made materials, such as string, plastic, cloth, or paper, may also be used. Nests can be found in all types of habitat. Nest building is driven by a biological urge known as the nesting instinct in birds and mammals. Generally each species has a distinctive style of nest. Nest complexity is roughly correlated with the level of parental care by adults. Nest building is considered a key adaptive advantage among birds, and they exhibit the most variation in their nests ranging from simple holes in the ground to elaborate communal nests hosting hundreds of individuals. Nests of prairie dogs and several social in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siblicide
Siblicide (attributed by behavioural ecologist Doug Mock to Barbara M. Braun) is the killing of an infant individual by its close relatives (full or half siblings). It may occur directly between siblings or be mediated by the parents, and is driven by the direct fitness benefits to the perpetrator and sometimes its parents. Siblicide has mainly, but not only, been observed in birds. (The word is also used as a unifying term for fratricide and sororicide in the human species; unlike these more specific terms, it leaves the sex of the victim unspecified.) Siblicidal behavior can be either obligate or facultative. Obligate siblicide is when a sibling almost always ends up being killed. Facultative siblicide means that siblicide may or may not occur, based on environmental conditions. In birds, obligate siblicidal behavior results in the older chick killing the other chick(s). In facultative siblicidal animals, fighting is frequent, but does not always lead to death of a sibling; thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents. Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations. History Antiquity ;Adoption for the well-born While the modern form of adoption emerged in the United States, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-fostering
Cross-fostering is a technique used in animal husbandry, animal science, Genetics, genetic and nature versus nurture studies, and conservation (genetics), conservation, whereby offspring are removed from their biological parents at birth and raised by surrogates, typically of a different species, hence 'cross.' This can also occasionally occur in nature. Animal husbandry Cross-fostering young animals is usually done to equalize litter size. Individual animals born in large litters are faced with much more competition for resources, such as breast milk, food and space, than individuals born in smaller litters. Herd managers will typically move some individuals from a large litter to a smaller litter where they will be raised by a non-biological parent. This is typically done in pig farming because litters with up to 15 piglets are common. A sow with a large litter may have difficulty producing enough milk for all piglets, or the sow may not have enough functional teats to feed all pig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hack (falconry)
Hacking is a training method that helps young birds of prey reach their hunting potential by giving them exercise and experience. This technique is used to prepare the falcon to become an independent hunter. The sequence of the procedure includes captivity, releasing, flight, and either the falcon will be recaptured for falconry or released into the wild. This has also been adapted to other raptor species to preserve the population. Generally, falconers agree that hacked falcons are better and more preferred in the field. Hacking is beneficial , not only for the falconers, but for the bird itself and the species; however, there are some criticism and restrictions that come along with this method. Procedure Captivity Hacking sites are usually large tracts of land. These areas have to be similar to the natural surroundings of a wild nest. The young raptors are put in a “hack box”, boxes that contain a nest inside that protect them from predators and are usually placed on a high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hand-rearing
Hand-rearing, artificial-rearing, human-rearing or hand-raising is the process of caring for and feeding Juvenile (organism), juvenile animals by humans during a stage when they would normally be fed by their parents. For the hand-rearing of mammals, a bottle with milk from a female of their species, milk from another closely related species, or an appropriate Infant formula, milk formula can be used. In the case of birds, in some instances, puppet-rearing, hand-rearing with puppets that mimic the mother's head with key features to stimulate the Chick (young bird), chick's beak opening and food ingestion may be necessary. Hand-rearing can lead to habituation or imprinting (psychology), imprinting of these animals towards humans, with the risk that adults may not exhibit normal behavior towards their species' companions, especially in animals raised for reintroduction into the wild. Potential difficulties include integration into groups of conspecifics, learning natural behavio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human-guided Migration
Human-guided migration or human-led migration is a method of restoring Bird migration, migratory routes of birds hand-rearing, bred by humans for their reintroduction into the wild. It is a technique especially used for endangered species in which the loss of individuals and territories has caused the disappearance of their migratory routes. To prevent their extinction, captive breeding has been needed, so their subsequent release into the wild requires teaching these routes to the Juvenile (organism), juveniles. Hand-rearing, Hand-reared juveniles have been Imprinting (psychology), imprinted on their adoptive parents, whom they follow. After a period of Bird flight, flight training and adaptation to the aircraft and its noise, the juveniles accompany their adoptive parents by flying to their wintering grounds. This technique has been used in birds such as the northern bald ibis and the whooping crane, among other species. See also * Cross-fostering * Fostering (falconry) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puppet-rearing
Puppet-rearing is a method of breeding birds in captivity for their reintroduction into the wild that consists of feeding chicks with puppets that simulate adults of their species to avoid direct contact with humans. Through imprinting, birds associate the first care images with their parents. In artificial incubation of eggs or orphaned chicks it is necessary to feed them by hand as long as they cannot do it themselves. For this reason, puppets are used to guarantee that the birds can be released later, having generated links with their own species and remaining distrustful of the human being. See also * Artificial incubation * Cross-fostering * Fostering (falconry) * Hack (falconry) * Hand-rearing * Human-guided migration * Falconry Falconry is the hunting of wild animals in their natural state and habitat by means of a trained bird of prey. Small animals are hunted; squirrels and rabbits often fall prey to these birds. Two traditional terms are used to descr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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