|
Forts Of Rome
The Forts of Rome are the complex of fixed works of military defense constituting the entrenched field of the city, consisting of fifteen "Prussian"-type forts and four hexagonal batteries. They were erected between 1877 and 1891 in defense of the strip of territory immediately surrounding the city of Rome (Italy), then in the countryside, at a distance of about 4–5 km from the Aurelian walls and about 2–3 km from each other, for an overall development of about . After some controversies about the project, the forts were commissioned by Royal Decree nr. 4007 of August 12, 1877. The first seven forts ( Monte Mario, Braschi, Boccea, Aurelia Antica, Bravetta, Portuense and Appia Antica) were built starting from the same year 1877 on the right side of the Tiber (except for the Forte Appia Antica), as a defence against landings on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The construction of the remaining eight forts (Antenne, Ardeatina, Casilina, Ostiense, Pietralata, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and ''de jure'' by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck united most German principalities into the German Empire under his leadership, although this was considered to be a " Lesser Germany" because Austria and Switzerland were not included. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forte Casilina (Rome)
Forte or Forté may refer to: Music *Forte (music), a musical dynamic meaning "loudly" or "strong" * Forte number, an ordering given to every pitch class set * Forte (notation program), a suite of musical score notation programs * Forte (vocal group), a classical crossover singing trio Computing *Forte 4GL, a proprietary application server * Forté Agent, an email and news client used on the Windows operating system *Forte TeamWare, a family of development environments from Sun Microsystems * NetBeans IDE, formerly Forté for Java Companies * Forté Internet Software, makers of Forté Agent *Forte Land, a large-scale real estate company in Shanghai, China * Forte Group, a former British hotel company *Forte Design Systems, a high level synthesis software company in San Jose, California * Trust House Forte, a British hotel and catering firm Fictional characters *Forte Stollen, a character from the Galaxy Angel anime * Bass (''Mega Man''), a character in ''Mega Man'' known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Via Aurelia
The ''Via Aurelia'' (Latin for "Aurelian Way") is a Roman road in Italy constructed in approximately 241 BC. The project was undertaken by Gaius Aurelius Cotta, who at that time was censor.Hornblower, Simon, & Antony Spawforth. ''The Oxford Classical Dictionary.'' 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Cotta had a history of building roads for Rome, as he had overseen the construction of a military road in Sicily (as consul in 252 BC, during the First Punic War) connecting ''Agrigentum'' (modern Agrigento) and ''Panormus'' (modern Palermo). Background In the middle Republic, a series of roads were built throughout Italy to serve the needs of Roman expansion, including swift army movements and reasonably quick communication with Roman colonies spread throughout Italy. There also was the unintended (but beneficial) consequence of an increase in trade among Italian cities and with Rome. The roads were standardized to wide allowing two chariots to pass, and distance was mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Via Trionfale
Via Trionfale is a Roman road that leads to and within Rome, Italy. Formerly called Via Triumphalis, it was an ancient consular road that connected Rome to Veii. The northern terminus of the road connects with the Via Cassia. History The name given to the road most likely dates back to the victory of Marcus Furius Camillus over the city of Veii around 396 BC, for which was granted the right to a triumph on the road that led from Veii to the Capitoline Hill (Campidoglio Hill). Roman generals awarded a triumph traditionally proceeded from the Campus Martius to the Capitoline along this road. The route was identified during the Renaissance and described by Flavio Biondo in ''Roma Triumphans'' book X. Important ancient landmarks were the Triumphal Bridge (Pons Neronianus) over the Tiber, now demolished, the Triumphal Gate (Porta Triumphalis), the Arch of Arcadius, Honorius, and Theodosius, and the termination of the route at the Temple of Janus Quadrifrons. The 1828 book ''A To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919
Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: ** Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Strategy
Military strategy is a set of ideas implemented by military organizations to pursue desired strategic goals. Derived from the Greek word ''strategos'', the term strategy, when it appeared in use during the 18th century, was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the general", or "'the art of arrangement" of troops. Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the deception of the enemy. The father of Western modern strategic studies, Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831), defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war." B. H. Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfill the ends of policy". Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals. Sun Tzu (544–496 BC) is often considered as the father of Eastern military strategy and greatly influenced Chinese, Japanese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ballistics
Ballistics is the field of mechanics concerned with the launching, flight behaviour and impact effects of projectiles, especially ranged weapon munitions such as bullets, unguided bombs, rockets or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance. A ballistic body is a free-moving body with momentum which can be subject to forces such as the forces exerted by pressurized gases from a gun barrel or a propelling nozzle, normal force by rifling, and gravity and air drag during flight. A ballistic missile is a missile that is guided only during the relatively brief initial phase of powered flight and the trajectory is subsequently governed by the laws of classical mechanics; in contrast to (for example) a cruise missile which is aerodynamically guided in powered flight like a fixed-wing aircraft. History and prehistory The earliest known ballistic projectiles were stones and spears, and the throwing stic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monte Mario
Monte Mario (English: Mount Mario or Mount Marius) is the hill that rises in the north-west area of Rome (Italy), on the right bank of the Tiber, crossed by the Via Trionfale. It occupies part of Balduina, of the territory of Municipio Roma I (''Roma Centro''), of Municipio Roma XIV (''Roma Monte Mario'') and a small portion of Municipio Roma XV of Rome, thus including part of the Quarters Trionfale, Della Vittoria and Primavalle. The same toponym also identifies the urban area which extends over the hill, close to Via Trionfale and the first stretch of Via di Torrevecchia, with the railway station of the same name. It is the highest (139 m) hill in the town and, together with the Janiculum and the Pincius, one of the most scenic spots in the city, especially in the place called "''Zodiac''", which offers a south and west view of the main architectural monuments of the city, of the Vatican City, of the Alban Hills, of the Monti Tiburtini, of the Monti Prenestini and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1882
Events January–March * January 2 ** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates. ** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in the United States for an extended lecture tour; when asked by a customs official if he has anything to declare, he replies "I have nothing to declare but my genius" according to later tradition. * January 5 – Charles J. Guiteau is found guilty of the assassination of James A. Garfield (President of the United States) and sentenced to death, despite an insanity defense raised by his lawyer. * January 12 – Holborn Viaduct power station in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation. * February 3 – American showman P. T. Barnum acquires the elephant Jumbo from the London Zoo. * March 2 – Roderick Maclean fails in an attempt to assassinate Queen Victo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1880
Events January–March * January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia. * January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy. * February – The journal ''Science'' is first published in the United States, with financial backing from Thomas Edison. * February 2 ** The first electric streetlight is installed in Wabash, Indiana. ** The first successful shipment of frozen mutton from Australia arrives in London, aboard the SS ''Strathleven''. * February 4 – The Black Donnellys, Black Donnelly Massacre takes the lives of five members of one family in Middlesex County, Ontario, Biddulph Township, Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada. * February 24 – The SS Columbia (1880), SS ''Columbia'', which will be the first outside usage of Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulb, is launched at the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works of John Roach & Sons in Chester, Pennsylv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forte Trionfale (Rome)
Forte or Forté may refer to: Music *Forte (music), a musical dynamic meaning "loudly" or "strong" * Forte number, an ordering given to every pitch class set * Forte (notation program), a suite of musical score notation programs * Forte (vocal group), a classical crossover singing trio Computing *Forte 4GL, a proprietary application server * Forté Agent, an email and news client used on the Windows operating system *Forte TeamWare, a family of development environments from Sun Microsystems * NetBeans IDE, formerly Forté for Java Companies * Forté Internet Software, makers of Forté Agent *Forte Land, a large-scale real estate company in Shanghai, China * Forte Group, a former British hotel company *Forte Design Systems, a high level synthesis software company in San Jose, California * Trust House Forte, a British hotel and catering firm Fictional characters *Forte Stollen, a character from the Galaxy Angel anime * Bass (''Mega Man''), a character in ''Mega Man'' known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> 1882")
