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Fort Of Feiteira
The Fort of Feiteira is located in the municipality of Torres Vedras, in the Lisbon District of Portugal. Construction of the fort began in 1810 as part of the first of the three Lines of Torres Vedras, which were defensive lines to protect the Portuguese capital Lisbon from invasion by the French during the Peninsular War (1807–14) or, in the event of defeat, to protect the embarkation of a retreating British Army. Background Despite the defeat of French forces in earlier invasions of Portugal during the Peninsular War, the threat of further invasions led the commander of the British troops in Portugal, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, to order on October 20, 1809, the construction of three defensive lines to the north of the capital, between the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus. The Lines of Torres Vedras, consisting of 152 forts, redoubts and other military works, were built rapidly and in great secrecy, under the overall supervision of Colonel Richard Fletcher w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisbon District
Lisbon District ( pt, Distrito de Lisboa, ) is a district located along the western coast of Portugal. The district capital is the city of Lisbon, which is also the national capital. From its creation until 1926, it included the area of the current Setúbal District. Municipalities The district is composed of 16 municipalities: * Alenquer * Amadora * Arruda dos Vinhos * Azambuja * Cadaval * Cascais * Lisbon * Loures * Lourinhã * Mafra * Odivelas * Oeiras * Sintra * Sobral de Monte Agraço * Torres Vedras * Vila Franca de Xira Summary of votes and seats won 1976-2022 , - class="unsortable" !rowspan=2, Parties!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S , - class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 , 1976 !colspan=2 , 1979 !colspan=2 , 1980 !colspan=2 , 1983 !colspan=2 , 1985 !colspan=2 , 1987 !colspan=2 , 1991 !colspan=2 , 1995 !colspan=2 , 1999 !colspan=2 , 2002 !colspan=2 , 2005 !colspan=2 , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Buçaco
The Battle of Buçaco () or Bussaco, fought on 27 September 1810 during the Peninsular War in the Portuguese mountain range of Serra do Buçaco, resulted in the defeat of French forces by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Lord Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army. Having occupied the heights of serra do Bussaco, Bussaco (a long ridge located at 40°20'40"N, 8°20'15"W) with 25,000 British and the same number of Portuguese, Wellington was attacked five times successively by 65,000 French under Marshal of France, Marshal André Masséna. Masséna was uncertain as to the disposition and strength of the opposing forces because Wellington deployed them on the reverse slope of the ridge, where they could neither be easily seen nor easily softened up with artillery. The actual assaults were delivered by the corps of Marshal Michel Ney and General of Division (Major General) Jean Reynier, but after much fierce fighting they failed to dislodge the allied forces and were driv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonel Trindade Municipal Museum
The Leonel Trindade Municipal Museum is an archaeological and historical museum in the town and municipality of Torres Vedras, Lisbon District, Portugal. It is located in a former convent (Convento da Graça) on the southern edge of the city centre. In addition to an extensive archaeological section dating back to late- Palaeolithic times, the museum contains works of art from local churches as well as an exhibition relating to the Lines of Torres Vedras, defensive lines constructed under the orders of the British Duke of Wellington to defend against French invasion during the Peninsular war. History The Municipal Museum of Torres Vedras was founded in 1929. It was initially installed in rooms attached to the church of St. Peter (S. Pedro), identifying itself as a “Museum of History, Archaeology and Prehistory”. In 1944 the museum and the city library were transferred to the headquarters of the Brotherhood of Santa Casa da Misericórdia. Leonel Trindade (1903-92), a leading ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Forts Of The Lines Of Torres Vedras
The Lines of Torres Vedras were lines of forts and other military defences built in secrecy to defend Lisbon, capital of Portugal, from the French during the Peninsular War. Named after the town of Torres Vedras, their construction was ordered by the commander of the British troops, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. The Lines were declared a National Heritage by the Portuguese Government in March 2019. In total, 152 military works were carried out from October 1809 to 1812 by Portuguese workers supervised by British engineers. Most involved completely new constructions, although some existing structures, such as the castle at Torres Vedras, were adapted and it was also common to incorporate existing hilltop windmills in the designs. Some of the forts remain visible and 29 are maintained by the municipalities of Torres Vedras, Arruda dos Vinhos, Loures, Mafra Mafra is a Czech media group that publishes printed and internet media, headquartered in Prague, Czech Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EEA And Norway Grants
The EEA Grants and Norway Grants represent the contributions of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway to reducing social and economic disparities in the European Economic Area (EEA) and strengthening bilateral relations with 15 EU countries in Central and Southern Europe. Through the Grants, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway are also contributing to strengthening fundamental European values such as democracy, tolerance and the rule of law. Background The EEA and Norway Grants have their basis in the EEA Agreement. Under this agreement, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway are part of the European Single Market (ESM), which enables the free movement of goods, services, capital and people in the internal market. The EEA Agreement sets out the common goals involved in working together to reduce social and economic disparities in Europe and strengthen cooperation between European countries. Ever since the EEA Agreement entered into force, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway have contrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Of Archeira
The Fort of Archeira is located in the municipality of Torres Vedras, in the Lisbon District of Portugal. It is also today known as the Furadouro Redoubt and was called the “Cheira” at the time of construction. Construction began in 1810 as part of the first of the three Lines of Torres Vedras, which were defensive lines to protect the Portuguese capital Lisbon from invasion by the French during the Peninsular War (1807–14) or, in the event of defeat, to protect the embarkation of a retreating British Army. Background Despite the defeat of French forces in earlier invasions of Portugal during the Peninsular War, the threat of further invasions led the commander of the British troops in Portugal, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, to order on October 20, 1809 the construction of three defensive lines to the north of the capital, between the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus. The Lines of Torres Vedras, consisting of 152 forts, redoubts and other military works, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brent Spencer
General Sir Brent Spencer ( – 29 December 1828) was an Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army, seeing active service during the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Peninsular War he became General Wellesley's second-in-command on two occasions. He fought at Vimeiro and testified in Wellesley's favour at the inquiry following the Convention of Cintra. He led a division at Bussaco and two divisions at Fuentes de Onoro. After the latter action, he had an independent command in northern Portugal. Wellesley, now Lord Wellington, was not satisfied that Spencer was up to the responsibilities of second-in-command and he was replaced by Thomas Graham. Miffed, Spencer left Portugal and never returned. He became a full general in 1825. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sligo Borough from 1815 to 1818. Early life and family Spencer was born circa 1760, the second son of Conway Spencer of Tremary and his wife, Mary. His brother was politici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Sobral
The Battle of Sobral (13–14 October 1810) saw an Imperial French army led by Masséna probe the Lines of Torres Vedras, built and defended successfully by Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army. Masséna had to order a retreat at the beginning of March 1811 having lost 21,000 men died of hunger and disease induced by scorched earth. Background The Peninsular War had started in Portugal with the Invasion of Portugal (1807) and went on till 1814. In September 1810 Masséna made the third French attempt to occupy Portugal with his 65,000 strong army fighting in the Battle of Bussaco, but Wellington pulled back his army southwards. The French army under Masséna pursued Wellington and discovered a barren land without inhabitants, as the Portuguese peasants had left their farms after destroying all food they could not take with them and anything else that might be useful to the French as required by the scorched earth policy. On 11 October 1810, Massena with 61,000 men found Wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sobral De Monte Agraço
Sobral de Monte Agraço () is a municipality in the District of Lisbon in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 10,156, in an area of 52.10 km². The present Mayor is António Lopes Bogalho, elected by the Unitary Democratic Coalition. History During the Peninsular War, Sobral was on the Lines of Torres Vedras, a line of forts planned by the Duke of Wellington to protect Lisbon. In October 1810, a French army led by André Masséna approached the Lines, finding that the Portuguese had subjected the area in front of them to a scorched earth policy. After the minor Battle of Sobral on 14 October, the French found they could go no further. Charles Oman writes "On that misty October 14th morning, at Sobral, the Napoleonic tide attained its highest watermark." Monuments * St. Salvador Chapel - 13th century Romanesque style * Sobral Main Church - 16th century Renaissance style * São Quintino Church - 16th-17th century Manueline and Renaissance styles * Our Lady of Purificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Portuguese Army
The Anglo-Portuguese Army was the combined British and Portuguese army that participated in the Peninsular War, under the command of Arthur Wellesley. The Army is also referred to as the British-Portuguese Army and, in Portuguese, as the ''Exército Anglo-Luso'' or the ''Exército Anglo-Português''. The Anglo-Portuguese Army was established with the British Army deployed to the Iberian Peninsula under the command of General Arthur Wellesley, and the Portuguese Army rebuilt under the leadership of British General William Beresford and the Portuguese War Secretary Miguel Pereira Forjaz. The new Portuguese battalions were supplied with British equipment, trained to British standards and thoroughly re-organised. Incompetent or corrupt officers were cashiered and appropriate replacements were appointed or promoted from amongst promising Non-commissioned officers. On 22 April 1809, Wellesley became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in the Peninsula, replacing General ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torres Vedras
Torres Vedras () is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, approximately north of the capital Lisbon in the Oeste region, in the Centro of Portugal. The population was 83,075, in an area of . History In 1148, Afonso I took the town of Torres Vedras from the Moors, in the then region of Estremadura, an area encircled by gentle hills and valleys. Situated in the former district of Lisbon, Torres Vedras is a strong agricultural region linked with its vineyards and intense commercial and industrial life, resulting in a dynamic pole in the western subregion of Portugal. King Afonso III conceded a foral (''charter'') in 1250, which was later confirmed by King Manuel I in 1510. This latter decree conferred on the town many of the municipal privileges that it held for 729 years. While travelling through this district, King Afonso III and Queen Beatrice, ordered the construction of a municipal hall, alongside the ancient castle (which today no longer exists). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
