Formation (music Video)
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Formation (music Video)
The music video for American singer and songwriter Beyoncé's 2016 single "Formation (song), Formation" was directed by Melina Matsoukas. It was filmed over the span of two days in Los Angeles, California. The video premiered on February 6, 2016, alongside the song's debut exclusively on Tidal (service), Tidal. The video was also uploaded to Beyoncé's official YouTube channel unlisted, meaning this prevented the music video from being accessed by search functionalities, with viewers needing to access the video via Beyoncé's official website. The video begins with Beyoncé crouching on top of a New Orleans Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor, police interceptor, which is partially submerged in floodwaters. As the video progresses, the car gradually sinks into the water. Another set of scenes portray Beyoncé as the mistress of an all-black household in a Southern plantation-style house, reclaiming the legacy of slavery in the South. Beyoncé and her dancers perform in an empty ...
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Plantation House
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses. Antebellum American South In the American South, antebellum plantations were centered on a " plantation house," the residence of the owner, where important business was conducted. Slavery and plantations had different characteristics in different regions of the South. As the Upper South of the Chesapeake Bay colonies developed first, historians of the antebellum South defined planters as those who held 20 enslaved people. Major planters held many more, especially in the Deep South as it developed.Peter Kolchin, ''American Slavery 1619–1877'', New York: Hill and Wang, 1993, xiii The majority of slaveholders held 10 or fewer enslaved people, of ...
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Fenyes Estate 13
Fenyes may refer to: * Feneș (Fényes), a village of Armeniș, a commune in Romania * Fenyes Estate, a historic two-acre estate complex located at 160-170 Orange Grove Boulevard in Pasadena, California ; people * Adalbert Fenyes, a Hungarian entomologist * Adolf Fényes (1867–1945), a Hungarian painter * Imre Fényes Hungarian physicist * Szabolcs Fényes Szabolcs Fényes (30 April 1912 in Nagyvárad – 12 October 1986 in Budapest) was a Hungarian composer of film scores. He was married to the actress Rózsi Csikós. Selected filmography * ''Romance of Ida'' (1934) * ''Emmy'' (1934) * ''Hel ...
(1912–1986), a Hungarian composer of film scores {{surname ...
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Spanish Moss
Spanish moss (''Tillandsia usneoides'') is an Epiphyte, epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon large trees in tropical and subtropical climates. It is native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America (as far south as northern Patagonia), the Southern United States, and West Indies. It has been naturalized in Queensland (Australia). It is known as "grandpa's beard" in French Polynesia. It has the widest distribution of any Bromeliaceae, bromeliad. Most known in the United States, it commonly is found on the southern live oak (''Quercus virginiana'') and bald cypress (''Taxodium distichum'') in the lowlands, swamps, and marshes of the mid-Atlantic and Southeastern states, from the coast of southeastern Virginia to Florida and west to southern Arkansas and Texas. While it superficially resembles its namesake, the lichen ''Usnea'', it is neither a lichen nor a moss (instead being a member of the bromeliad family, Bromeliaceae), and it is not nati ...
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Hurricane Shutter
Hurricane coverings, commonly known as shutters, are used in hurricane mitigation to protect houses and other structures from damage caused by storms. Hurricane shutters are used to prevent windows from being broken by flying objects during a storm. Although the negative pressure caused by high-speed wind flowing over a building roof can cause the roof to fail with the building envelope intact, broken windows allow the air pressure to rise inside a building, creating an even greater pressure difference and increasing the likelihood of roof failure. Shutters are frequently constructed from steel or aluminium, but homeowners sometimes use the low-cost alternative of plywood. The shutters are affixed to the outside of the building with screws, hurricane clips, or a track system. Advanced shutters may be motorized, and they may fold away when not in use. Types of hurricane coverings Three major types of shutters are known alternatively as panel systems. They are usually made of pl ...
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Ethan Tobman
Ethan Tobman (born May 30, 1979) is a Canadian film production designer and director. Biography Tobman was born on May 30, 1979 in Montreal. He directed the short film ''Remote'', which screened at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. ''The Hollywood Reporter'' positively reviewed Tobman's production design for the 2014 film ''That Awkward Moment.'' He served as production designer for the 2015 Canadian-Irish film ''Room'', for which he and Mary Kirkland won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Achievement in Art Direction/Production Design. In designing the eponymous Room set at Pinewood Toronto Studios, he set out with the idea "that every square inch of Room needed to have a backstory." Tobman also proposed an "inverted Rubik's Cube" for a set, with removable parts. Tobman subsequently worked on Felix van Groeningen's 2018 '' Beautiful Boy''. Using the house from the TV series '' Big Little Lies'' for a set, he made numerous alterations including to the counters. Tobman has als ...
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Southern Gothic
Southern Gothic is an artistic subgenre of Gothic fiction, fiction, Popular music, music, Gothic film, film, theatre, and television that are heavily influenced by Gothic fiction, Gothic elements and the Southern United States, American South. Common themes of Southern Gothic include storytelling of deeply flawed, disturbing, or Eccentricity (behavior), eccentric characters sometimes having physical deformities or insanity; decayed or derelict settings and grotesque situations; and sinister events bred from poverty, Social alienation, alienation, crime, violence, forbidden sexuality, or hoodoo (folk magic), hoodoo magic. Origins Elements of a Gothic treatment of the South first appeared during the American Civil War, ante- and post-bellum 19th century in the grotesques of Henry Clay Lewis and in the sardonic representations of Mark Twain. The genre was consolidated, however, in the 20th century, when dark romanticism, Southern humor, and the new Naturalism (literature), litera ...
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Fenyes Estate
The Fenyes Estate is a historic two-acre estate complex located at 160-170 Orange Grove Boulevard in Pasadena along what was once known as "Millionaires' Row". The Pasadena Museum of History maintains the century-old estate and offers docent-led tours of the Fenyes Mansion, the Curtin House, and the Finnish Folk Art Museum and gardens. In 1905, Adalbert Fenyes, a Hungarian entomologist and the first Pasadena doctor to use an X-ray machine, and his wife Eva Scott Muse Fenyes commissioned a two-story house from architect Robert D. Farquhar. Designed in the Beaux Arts manner, the mansion was completed at a cost of $20,325, In 1911, architect Sylvanus Marston of Marston & Van Pelt completed an addition consisting of a studio, conservatory, and laboratory. Like many of the large old homes along Orange Grove Boulevard, the Fenyes Mansion reflects the opulent neoclassical tastes popular at the turn of the century. Fenyes' wife, Eva, was an accomplished artist and world traveler w ...
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The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ...
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The New Yorker
''The New Yorker'' is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. It was founded on February 21, 1925, by Harold Ross and his wife Jane Grant, a reporter for ''The New York Times''. Together with entrepreneur Raoul H. Fleischmann, they established the F-R Publishing Company and set up the magazine's first office in Manhattan. Ross remained the editor until his death in 1951, shaping the magazine's editorial tone and standards. ''The New Yorker''s fact-checking operation is widely recognized among journalists as one of its strengths. Although its reviews and events listings often focused on the Culture of New York City, cultural life of New York City, ''The New Yorker'' gained a reputation for publishing serious essays, long-form journalism, well-regarded fiction, and humor for a national and international audience, including work by writers such as Truman Capote, Vladimir Nabokov, and Alice Munro. In the late ...
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1992 Los Angeles Riots
The 1992 Los Angeles riots were a series of riots and civil disturbances that occurred in Los Angeles County, California, United States, during April and May 1992. Unrest began in South Los Angeles, South Central Los Angeles on April 29, after a jury Acquittal, acquitted four officers of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) charged with using Police brutality, excessive force in the arrest and beating of Rodney King. The incident had been videotaped by George Holliday, who was a bystander to the incident, and was heavily Broadcasting, broadcast in various news and Media (communication), media outlets. The rioting took place in several areas in the Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles metropolitan area as thousands of people rioted over six days following the verdict's announcement. Widespread looting, assault, and arson occurred during the riots, which local police forces had difficulty controlling. The situation in the Los Angeles area was resolved after the California National ...
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Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (, ; also known as Shrove Tuesday) is the final day of Carnival (also known as Shrovetide or Fastelavn); it thus falls on the day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday. is French for "Fat Tuesday", referring to it being the last day of consuming rich, fatty foods, most notably red meat, in preparation for the Christian fasting season of Lent, during which such foods are avoided. Related popular practices are associated with Carnival celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Mardi Gras is more usually known as Pancake Day or (traditionally) Shrove Tuesday, derived from the word ''shrive'', meaning "to administer the sacrament of confession to; to absolve". Background During the liturgical season of Lent, some Christians abstain from the consumption of certain foods such as meat, eggs, dairy products, and alcoholic beverages. Most Christian denomin ...
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Slavery In The United States
The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of List of ethnic groups of Africa, Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the Southern United States, South. Slavery was established throughout European colonization in the Americas. From 1526, during the early Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, colonial period, it was practiced in what became British America, Britain's colonies, including the Thirteen Colonies that formed the United States. Under the law, an enslaved person was treated as property that could be bought, sold, or given away. Slavery lasted in about half of U.S. states until Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolition in 1865, and issues concerning slavery seeped into every aspect of national politics, economics, and social custom. In the decades after the end of Reconstruction era, Recons ...
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