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Force-feeding
Force-feeding is the practice of feeding a human or animal against their will. The term ''gavage'' (, , ) refers to supplying a substance by means of a small plastic feeding tube passed through the nose (nasogastric tube, nasogastric) or mouth (orogastric) into the stomach. Of humans In psychiatric settings Within some countries, in extreme cases, patients with anorexia nervosa who continually refuse significant dietary intake and weight restoration interventions may be Involuntary treatment, involuntarily fed by force via Nasogastric feeding, nasogastric tube under Physical restraint, restraint within specialist psychiatric hospitals. Such a practice may be highly distressing for both anorexia patients and healthcare staff. In prisons Some countries force-feed prisoners when they go on hunger strike. It has been prohibited since 1975 by the Declaration of Tokyo of the World Medical Association, provided that the prisoner is "capable of forming an unimpaired and rational j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethel Moorhead
Ethel Agnes Mary Moorhead (28 August 18694 March 1955) was a British suffragette and Painting, painter and was the first suffragette in Scotland to be forcibly-fed. She was also a patron of ''This Quarter'', a journal published by Ernest Walsh. The journal featured writers such as Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce and Ezra Pound. Early life Moorhead was born on 28 August 1869 in Fisher Street, Maidstone, Kent. She was one of six children of Brigadier Surgeon George Alexander Moorhead, an army surgeon of Irish Catholic birth, and his wife, Margaret Humphreys (18331902), an Irish woman of French-Huguenot ancestry, whom he had married in India, at Chennai, Madras Roman Catholic Cathedral on 9 September 1864. Her maternal grandfather was Captain John Goulin Humphreys, a Napoleonic Wars veteran and in an earlier generation one of her mother's family (Pierre Goulin) fought in the 1690 Battle of the Boyne. Her older sister Alice Moorhead (1868–1910) was a pioneer of female medicine, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Ball (suffragist)
William Ball (4 November 1862 – 1935) was a British workers union member, jailed for his support of women's suffrage, and subject of a WSPU pamphlet, "Torture In An English Prison", which described his experience being force-fed such that his health deteriorated and he was sent to a lunatic asylum. Life William Ball was born in Coton, Staffordshire to Thomas Ball, a gardener, and Elizabeth Ball. In Birmingham in 1891, he married Miriam Jennie Warick, with whom he had five children. Ball was a member of the National Transport Workers Federation. He was an athlete and a "championship sprinter" of the Midlands. According to the WSPU pamphlet ''Torture In An English Prison'', neither he nor his family had any history of mental illness. Imprisonment and consequences Ball's arrest and imprisonment in December 1911 was for breaking two panes of the Home Office windows in protest at the jailing of another man, Alan MacDougall, who had supported the suffragettes attending po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suffragettes
A suffragette was a member of an activist women's organisation in the early 20th century who, under the banner "Votes for Women", fought for women's suffrage, the right to vote in public elections in the United Kingdom. The term refers in particular to members of the British Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), a women-only movement founded in 1903 by Emmeline Pankhurst, which engaged in direct action and civil disobedience. In 1906, a reporter writing in the ''Daily Mail'' coined the term ''suffragette'' for the WSPU, derived from Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom#Pressure groups, suffragist (any person advocating for voting rights), in order to belittle the women advocating women's suffrage. The militants embraced the new name, even reappropriation, adopting it for use as the title of the newspaper published by the WSPU. Women had won the right to vote in several countries by the end of the 19th century; in 1893, New Zealand became the first self-governing coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Social And Political Union
The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was a women-only political movement and leading militant organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom founded in 1903. Known from 1906 as the suffragettes, its membership and policies were tightly controlled by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel Pankhurst, Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst, Sylvia. Sylvia was eventually expelled. The WSPU membership became known for civil disobedience and direct action. Emmeline Pankhurst described them as engaging in a "Terrorism, reign of terror". Group members heckled politicians, held demonstrations and marches, broke the law to force arrests, broke windows in prominent buildings, set fire to or introduced chemicals into postboxes thus injuring several postal workers, and Suffragette bombing and arson campaign, committed a series of arsons that killed at least five people and injured at least 24. When imprisoned, the group's members engaged in hunger strikes and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunger Strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fasting, fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers. In cases where an entity (usually the State (polity), state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding. Early history Fasting was used as a method of protesting injustice in pre-Christian Ireland, where it was known as ''Troscadh'' or ''Cealachan''. Detailed in the contemporary Civil code, civic codes, it had specific rules by which it could be used, and the fast was often carried out on the doorstep of the home of the offender. Scholars speculate that this was due to the high importance the culture placed on hospitality. Allowing a person to die at one's doorstep, for a wrong of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feeding Tube
A feeding tube is a medical device used to provide nutrition to people who cannot obtain nutrition by mouth, are unable to swallow safely, or need nutritional supplementation. The state of being fed by a feeding tube is called gavage, enteral feeding or tube feeding. Placement may be temporary for the treatment of acute conditions or lifelong in the case of chronic disabilities. A variety of feeding tubes are used in medical practice. They are usually made of polyurethane or silicone. The outer diameter of a feeding tube is measured in French units (each French unit equals mm). They are classified by the site of insertion and intended use. Medical uses There are dozens of conditions that may require tube feeding (enteral nutrition) to prevent or treat malnutrition. Conditions that necessitate feeding tubes include prematurity, failure to thrive (or malnutrition), neurologic and neuromuscular disorders, inability to swallow, anatomical and post-surgical malformations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declaration Of Tokyo
The Declaration of Tokyo is a set of international guidelines for physicians concerning torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in relation to detention and imprisonment, which was adopted in October 1975 during the 29th General assembly of the World Medical Association, and later editorially updated by the WMA in France, May 2005 and 2006. It declares torture to be "contrary to the laws of humanity",World Medical Association, ''Declaration of Tokyo.'' Preamble. and antithetical to the "higher purpose" of the physician A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Med ..., which is to "alleviate the distress of his or her fellow human being."World Medical Association, ''Declaration of Tokyo.'' Section 5. The policy states that doctors should refuse to parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmeline Pankhurst
Emmeline Pankhurst (; Goulden; 15 July 1858 – 14 June 1928) was a British political activist who organised the British suffragette movement and helped women to win in 1918 the women's suffrage, right to vote in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Great Britain and Ireland. In 1999, ''Time (magazine), Time'' named her as one of the Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century, 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century, stating that "she shaped an idea of objects for our time" and "shook society into a new pattern from which there could be no going back". She was widely criticised for her militant tactics, and historians disagree about their effectiveness, but her work is recognised as a crucial element in achieving women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. Born in the Moss Side district of Manchester to politically active parents, Pankhurst was 16 when she was introduced to the women's suffrage movement. She founded and became involved with the Women's Franch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cat And Mouse Act
The Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill-Health) Act 1913, commonly referred to as the Cat and Mouse Act, was an act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom under H. H. Asquith's Liberal government in 1913. The Cat and Mouse Act was passed by Parliament as a response to members of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU, commonly referred to as suffragettes) utilizing hunger strikes as a form of protest while they were imprisoned for acts of vandalism in support of women's suffrage. The hunger strikers were force-fed by the prison staff, leading to a public outcry. The act allowed the prisoners temporary release when their hunger strikes began to impact their health; they then had a predetermined period of time in which to recover after which they were rearrested and taken back to prison to serve out the rest of their sentence. Conditions could be placed on the prisoner during the time of their release. One effect of the act was to make hunger strikes technica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse, or other forms of sexual penetration, carried out against a person without consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability, or is below the legal age of consent ( statutory rape). The term ''rape'' is sometimes casually used interchangeably with the term ''sexual assault''. The rate of reporting, prosecuting and convicting for rape varies between jurisdictions. Internationally, the incidence of rapes recorded by the police during 2008 ranged, per 100,000 people, from 0.2 in Azerbaijan to 92.9 in Botswana with 6.3 in Lithuania as the median. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sylvia Pankhurst
Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (; 5 May 1882 – 27 September 1960) was an English Feminism, feminist and Socialism, socialist activist and writer. Following encounters with women-led labour activism in the United States, she worked to organise working-class women in East End of London, London's East End. This, together with her refusal in United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914), 1914 to enter into a wartime political truce with the government, caused her to break with the suffragette leadership of her mother and sister, Emmeline Pankhurst, Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst. Pankhurst welcomed the Russian Revolution and conferred in Moscow with Vladimir Lenin, Lenin. But as an advocate of workers' control, she rejected the Leninism, Leninist party line and criticised the Bolsheviks, Bolshevik regime. Pankhurst was vocal in her support for Irish War of Independence, Irish independence; for anti-colonial struggle throughout the British Empire; and for anti-Fascism, fascis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
