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Fluorinert
Fluorinert is the trademarked brand name for the line of electronics coolant liquids sold commercially by 3M. As perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), all Fluorinert variants have an extremely high global warming potential (GWP), so should be used with caution (see below). It is an electrically insulating, stable fluorocarbon-based fluid, which is used in various cooling applications. It is mainly used for cooling electronics. Different molecular formulations are available with a variety of boiling points, allowing it to be used in "single-phase" applications, where it remains a liquid, or for "two-phase" applications, where the liquid boils to remove additional heat by evaporative cooling. An example of one of the compounds 3M uses is FC-72 ( perfluorohexane, C6F14). Perfluorohexane is used for low-temperature heat-transfer applications due to its boiling point. Another example is FC-75, perfluoro(2-butyl-tetrahydrofurane). There are 3M fluids that can handle up to , such as FC-70 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfluorinated Compound
A perfluorinated compound (PFC) or perfluoro compound is an Organofluorine chemistry, organofluorine compound that lacks C-H bonds. Many perfluorinated compounds have properties that are quite different from their C-H containing analogues. Common functional groups in PFCs are Alcohol (chemistry), OH, Perfluorinated carboxylic acid, CO2H, Chlorofluorocarbon, chlorine, perfluoroether, O, and sulfonic acid, SO3H. Electrochemical fluorination, Electrofluorination is the predominant method for PFC production. Due to their chemical stability, some of these perfluorinated compounds Bioaccumulation, bioaccumulate. Applications One class of perfluorinated compounds, the fluorosurfactants, are widely used in the production of teflon (PTFE) and related fluorinated polymers. They also have been used to confer hydrophobicity and stain-resistance to fabrics. They are components of Firefighting foam, fire-fighting foam. Fluorosurfactants (PFAS) reduce surface tension by concentrating at the liqui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfluoroisobutene
Perfluoroisobutene (PFIB) is the perfluorocarbon with the formula . Classified as a perfluoroalkene, it is the fluorinated counterpart of the hydrocarbon isobutene. This colorless gas is notable for its high toxicity. Production and reactions PFIB is one product of pyrolysis of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Tetrafluoroethylene thermally dimerizes to octafluorocyclobutane, which above 600 °C degrades to hexafluoropropylene and PFIB. Perfluoroisobutene is highly reactive toward nucleophiles, e.g. methanol. It alsoforms addition compounds with thiols, and it is this reactivity that may be related to its toxicity. It hydrolyzes readily to give the relatively innocuous (CF3)2CHCO2H, which readily decarboxylates to give hexafluoropropane. Oxidation of HFIB with potassium permanganate gives hexafluoroacetone. Safety Perfluoroisobutene is highly toxic with an LCt = 880 mg⋅min⋅m−3 (mice). It is a Schedule 2 substance of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Its toxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquid Dielectrics
A liquid dielectric is a dielectric material in liquid state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges. Dielectric liquids are used as electrical insulators in high voltage applications, e.g. transformers, capacitors, high voltage cables, and switchgear (namely high voltage switchgear). Its function is to provide electrical insulation, suppress corona and arcing, and to serve as a coolant. A good liquid dielectric should have high dielectric strength, high thermal stability and inertness against the construction materials used, non-flammability and low toxicity, good heat transfer properties, and low cost. Liquid dielectrics are self-healing; when an electric breakdown occurs, the discharge channel does not leave a permanent conductive trace in the fluid. The electrical properties tend to be strongly influenced by dissolved gases (e.g. oxygen or carbon dioxide), dust, fibers, and especially ionic impurities and moisture. Electrical discharge may cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Material Safety Data Sheet
A safety data sheet (SDS), material safety data sheet (MSDS), or product safety data sheet (PSDS) is a document that lists information relating to occupational safety and health for the use of various substances and products. SDSs are a widely used type of fact sheet used to catalogue information on chemical species including chemical compounds and chemical mixtures. SDS information may include instructions for the safe use and potential hazards associated with a particular material or product, along with spill-handling procedures. The older MSDS formats could vary from source to source within a country depending on national requirements; however, the newer SDS format is internationally standardized. An SDS for a substance is not primarily intended for use by the general consumer, focusing instead on the hazards of working with the material in an occupational setting. There is also a duty to properly label substances on the basis of physico-chemical, health, or enviro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novec 649/1230
Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) is a fluorinated ketone with the structural formula CF3CF2C(=O)CF(CF3)2, a fully-fluorinated analog of ethyl isopropyl ketone. It is used as an electronics coolant liquid and fire protection fluid sold commercially by 3M under brand names such as Novec 1230, Novec 649, and FK-5-1-12. It is also known as "waterless water" or "dry water". Applications 3M produces perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) under different brand names of Novec 1230 and Novec 649. These two products have different purity grades (>99% and >99.9%, respectively) intended for different industrial applications. Novec 1230 and FK-5-1-12 Novec 1230 is used as gaseous fire suppression agent in scenarios where water-based fire suppression (for example, from a fire sprinkler) would be impractical or where it could damage expensive equipment or property, such as museums, server rooms, banks, clean rooms and hospitals. It functions by rapidly removing heat to extinguish a fire before it sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquid Dielectric
A liquid dielectric is a dielectric material in liquid state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges. Dielectric liquids are used as electrical insulators in high voltage applications, e.g. transformers, capacitors, high voltage cables, and switchgear (namely high voltage switchgear). Its function is to provide electrical insulation, suppress corona and arcing, and to serve as a coolant. A good liquid dielectric should have high dielectric strength, high thermal stability and inertness against the construction materials used, non-flammability and low toxicity, good heat transfer properties, and low cost. Liquid dielectrics are self-healing; when an electric breakdown occurs, the discharge channel does not leave a permanent conductive trace in the fluid. The electrical properties tend to be strongly influenced by dissolved gases (e.g. oxygen or carbon dioxide), dust, fibers, and especially ionic impurities and moisture. Electrical discharge may cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immersion Cooling
Immersion cooling technology encompasses systems in which electronic components are directly exposed to and interact with dielectric fluids for cooling purposes. This includes systems using single-phase or two-phase dielectric liquids, leveraging their thermal capabilities to manage and dissipate heat generated by electronic components. Heat is removed from the system by putting the coolant in direct contact with hot components, and circulating the heated liquid through heat exchangers. This practice is highly effective as liquid coolants can absorb more heat from the system than air. Immersion cooling has many benefits, including but not limited to: sustainability, performance, reliability, and cost. The fluids used in immersion cooling are dielectric liquids to ensure that they can safely come into contact with energized electronic components. Commonly used dielectric liquids in immersion cooling are synthetic hydrocarbons, esters (natural and synthetic) and fluorochemicals. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novec 649
Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) is a fluorinated ketone with the structural formula CF3CF2C(=O)CF(CF3)2, a fully-fluorinated analog of ethyl isopropyl ketone. It is used as an electronics coolant liquid and fire protection fluid sold commercially by 3M under brand names such as Novec 1230, Novec 649, and FK-5-1-12. It is also known as "waterless water" or "dry water". Applications 3M produces perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) under different brand names of Novec 1230 and Novec 649. These two products have different purity grades (>99% and >99.9%, respectively) intended for different industrial applications. Novec 1230 and FK-5-1-12 Novec 1230 is used as gaseous fire suppression agent in scenarios where water-based fire suppression (for example, from a fire sprinkler) would be impractical or where it could damage expensive equipment or property, such as museums, server rooms, banks, clean rooms and hospitals. It functions by rapidly removing heat to extinguish a fire before it sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrofluoroether
Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) are a class of organic solvents. As non-ozone-depleting chemicals, they were developed originally as a replacement for Chlorofluorocarbon, CFCs, Hydrofluorocarbon, HFCs, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, HCFCs, and Perfluorocarbon, PFCs. They are typically colorless, odorless, tasteless, low toxicity, low viscosity, and liquid at room temperature. The boiling point of HFEs vary from to nearly . Although 3M first developed HFEs, other manufacturers have begun producing them. Applications Industrial uses are many and varied, including: * Vapor de-greasing solvent * Refrigerant and heat-transfer fluid * Anhydrous fluid cleaner They are sometimes applied as blends such as HFE 7100, which is a mixture of methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (methoxyperfluorobutane) and methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether. 3M produces hydrofluoroether compounds under the names Novec 7000, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7500, and 7700 as liquid coolants for many applications, including full immersion cooling of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perfluorotributylamine
Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), also referred to as FC43, is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless liquid. A molecule of this chemical compound consists of three butyl groups connected to one nitrogen atom, in which all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms. The compound is produced for the electronics industry, along with other perfluoroalkylamines. The high degree of fluorination significantly reduces the basicity of the central amine due to electron-withdrawing effects. Preparation It is prepared by electrofluorination of tributylamine using hydrogen fluoride as solvent and source of fluorine: : Uses The compound has two commercial uses. It is used as an ingredient in Fluosol, artificial blood. This application exploits the high solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the solvent, as well as the low viscosity and toxicity. It is also a component of Fluorinert coolant liquids. CPUs of some computers are immersed in this liquid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ed Harris
Edward Allen Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor and filmmaker. His performances in '' Apollo 13'' (1995), '' The Truman Show'' (1998), '' Pollock'' (2000), and '' The Hours'' (2002) earned him critical acclaim and Academy Award nominations. Harris has appeared in numerous leading and supporting roles, including in '' Creepshow'' (1982), '' The Right Stuff'' (1983), '' Under Fire'' (1983), '' Places in the Heart'' (1984), '' The Abyss'' (1989), '' Glengarry Glen Ross'' (1992), '' The Firm'' (1993), '' Nixon'' (1995), '' The Rock'' (1996), '' Stepmom'' (1998), '' A Beautiful Mind'' (2001), '' Enemy at the Gates'' (2001), ''Radio'' (2003), '' A History of Violence'' (2005), '' Gone Baby Gone'' (2007), '' National Treasure: Book of Secrets'' (2007), '' Snowpiercer'' (2013), '' Mother!'' (2017), '' The Lost Daughter'' (2021), and '' Top Gun: Maverick'' (2022). In addition to directing ''Pollock'', Harris directed the Western film '' Appaloosa'' (2008). In televis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
