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Flexitarian
Flexitarianism or Flexitarism is a semi-vegetarian diet in which people do not eat meat one or more days a week. A semi-vegetarian diet (SVD), also called a flexitarian, is one that is centered on plant foods with the occasional inclusion of meat. ''Flexitarian'' is a portmanteau of the words ''flexible'' and ''vegetarian'', signifying its followers' less strict diet pattern when compared to (other) vegetarian pattern diets. Definitions Different definitions of flexitarianism are used. According to the Dutch environmental organisation ''Natuur & Milieu'', a flexitarian eats no meat, fish or lunch meat for at least one day a week. The Dutch research agency ''I&O Research'' calls people flexitarian when they do not eat meat one or more days a week. The Dutch Food Health authority ''Voedingscentrum'' states that flexitarians do not eat meat (but do eat fish) three or more days a week in between or with a hot meal. Vegetarianism is the strict practice of abstaining from consum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-vegetarianism
Flexitarianism or Flexitarism is a semi-vegetarian diet in which people do not eat meat one or more days a week. A semi-vegetarian diet (SVD), also called a flexitarian, is one that is centered on plant foods with the occasional inclusion of meat. ''Flexitarian'' is a portmanteau of the words ''flexible'' and ''vegetarian'', signifying its followers' less strict diet pattern when compared to (other) vegetarian pattern diets. Definitions Different definitions of flexitarianism are used. According to the Dutch environmental organisation ''Natuur & Milieu'', a flexitarian eats no meat, fish or lunch meat for at least one day a week. The Dutch research agency ''I&O Research'' calls people flexitarian when they do not eat meat one or more days a week. The Dutch Food Health authority ''Voedingscentrum'' states that flexitarians do not eat meat (but do eat fish) three or more days a week in between or with a hot meal. Vegetarianism is the strict practice of abstaining from consumin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pescetarianism
Pescetarianism (; sometimes spelled pescatarianism) is the practice of incorporating seafood into an otherwise vegetarian diet. Pescetarians may or may not consume other animal products such as eggs and dairy products. Approximately 3% of adults worldwide are pescetarian, according to 2017–2018 research conducted by data and analytics companies. Definition and etymology "Pescetarian" is a neologism formed as a portmanteau of the Italian word " pesce" ("fish") and the English word "vegetarian". The term was coined in the United States in the early 1990s. "Pesco-vegetarian" is a synonymous term that is seldom used outside of academic research, but it has sometimes appeared in other American publications and literature since at least 1980. History Early history The first vegetarians in written western history may have been the Pythagoreans, a title derived from the Greek philosopher Pythagoras. Though Pythagoras loaned his name to the meatless diet, some biographers su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planetary Health Diet
The planetary health diet is a flexitarian diet created by the EAT-Lancet commission as part of a report released in ''The Lancet'' on 16 January 2019. The aim of the report and the diet it developed is to create dietary paradigms that have the following aims: * To feed a world's population of 10 billion people in 2050 * To greatly reduce the worldwide number of deaths caused by poor diet * To be environmentally sustainable as to prevent the collapse of the natural world Restrictions To achieve this, it has defined heavy restrictions on the consumption of meat, dairy, and starchy vegetables, specifically red meat. The aim of this is not only to lessen the impact of the meat and dairy industries on the environment, but also to, theoretically, drastically decrease saturated fat and sugar intake from these food groups. Today's consumption of meat and dairy often exceeds nutritional recommendations. Healthy diets have an optimal caloric intak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karger
Karger Publishers (also: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, S. Karger AG) is an academic publisher of scientific and medical journals and books. The current CEO is Daniel Ebneter. History The company was founded in 1890 in Berlin by Samuel Karger, who remained at the helm of the company until his death in 1935. His son, Heinz Karger led the company until his death in 1959, and Heinz's son (and Samuel's grandson) Thomas Karger took over the leadership of the company; he was followed as the company leader by his eldest son, Steven Karger, and, most recently, by his youngest daughter, Gabriella Karger, who leads the publishing house now. Its first medical journal, '' Dermatologische Zeitschrift'' (later: ''Dermatologica'', now: ''Dermatology'') was established in 1893. The company published works from well-known scientists such as Sigmund Freud. Because of political pressure from the Nazi regime, the company was relocated to Basel, Switzerland, in 1937 and lost all German aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Vegetarianism
Environmental vegetarianism is the practice of vegetarianism when motivated by the desire to create a sustainable diet that avoids the negative environmental impact of meat production. Livestock as a whole is estimated to be responsible for around 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, significant reduction in meat consumption has been advocated by, among others, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their 2019 special report and as part of the 2017 '' World Scientists' Warning to Humanity''. Other than climate change, environmental concerns about the production of animal products may also relate to biodiversity loss, pollution, deforestation, unsustainability and the use of water and land. Environmental impact of animal products Four-fifths of agricultural emissions arise from the livestock sector. According to the 2006 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) report '' Livestock's Long Shadow'', animal agriculture contrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrobiotic Diet
A macrobiotic diet (or macrobiotics) is a fad diet based on ideas about types of food drawn from Zen Buddhism. The diet tries to balance the supposed yin and yang elements of food and cookware. Major principles of macrobiotic diets are to reduce animal products, eat locally grown foods that are in season, and consume meals in moderation. There is no high-quality clinical evidence that a macrobiotic diet is helpful for people with cancer or other diseases, and it may be harmful. Neither the American Cancer Society nor Cancer Research UK recommends adopting the diet. Conceptual basis The macrobiotic diet is associated with Zen Buddhism and is based on the idea of balancing yin and yang. The diet proposes ten plans which are followed to reach a supposedly ideal yin:yang ratio of 5:1. The diet was popularized by George Ohsawa in the 1930s and subsequently elaborated on by his disciple Michio Kushi. Medical historian Barbara Clow writes that, in common with many other types o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Justice
The Food Justice Movement is a grassroots initiative which emerged in response to food insecurity and economic pressures that prevent access to healthy, nutritious, and culturally appropriate foods (food should fit the cultural background of the people consuming it). It includes more broad policy movements, such as the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Food justice recognizes the food system as "a racial project and problematizes the influence of race and class on the production, distribution and consumption of food". This encompasses farm labor work, land disputes, issues of status and class, environmental justice, public politics, and advocacy. Food justice is closely connected to food sovereignty, which critiques "structural barriers communities of color face to accessing local and organic foods" that are largely due to institutional racism and the effect it has on economic equality. It is argued that lack of access to good food is both a cause and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammal
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class (biology), class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in Female#Mammalian female, females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three ossicles, middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they Genetic divergence, diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant taxon, extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 Order (biology), orders. The largest Order (biology), orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, Mole (animal), moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla (cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, pinniped, seals, and others). In terms of cladistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seafood
Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins). Historically, marine mammals such as cetaceans (whales and dolphins) as well as seals have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. Edible sea plants such as some seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in Asia. Seafood is an important source of (animal) protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. Semi-vegetarians who consume seafood as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pescetarianism. The harvesting of wild seafood is usually known as fishing or hunting, while the cultivation and farming of seafood is k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poultry
Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, and turkeys). The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young of pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French/Norman word ''poule'', itself derived from the Latin word ''pullus'', which means "small animal". Recent genomic study involving the four extant Junglefowl species reveals that the domestication of chicken, the most populous poultry species, occurred around 8,000 years ago in Southeast Asia - although this was previously believed to have occurred later - around 5,400 years ago - in Southeast Asia. The process may have originally occurred as a result of people hatching and rearing young bird ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chicken
The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domestication, domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey junglefowl, grey and the Ceylon junglefowl that are originally from Southeastern Asia. Rooster or cock is a term for an adult male bird, and a younger male may be called a cockerel. A male that has been castrated is a capon. An adult female bird is called a hen and a sexually immature female is called a pullet. Humans now keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their Chicken as food, meat and egg as food, eggs) and as pets. Traditionally they were also bred for cockfighting, which is still practiced in some places. Chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion , up from more than 19 billion in 2011. There are more chickens in the world than any other bird. There are numerous cultural references to chickens – in myth, folklore and religion, and in la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollotarianism
Pollotarianism is the practice of adhering to a diet that incorporates poultry as the only source of meat in an otherwise vegetarian diet. While ''pollo'' specifically means chicken in both Spanish and in Italian (with ''pollame'' meaning poultry in general in Italian), pollotarians are known to incorporate different forms of poultry, like duck and turkey in their diet. Pollotarians may also eat dairy products. The term "pollo-vegetarian" was first used in nutritional textbooks in the 1980s to describe a semi-vegetarian diet that incorporates poultry. Historian Rod Preece describes pollotarians as "those who refrain from mammals but are willing to eat the flesh of birds notably chickens." Examples Chauncey Depew was a pollotarian. In a 1925 interview aged 90, Depew stated that "For thirty years the only meat I've eaten has been poultry". See also *Duck as food *Turkey as food *Chicken as food Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world. Owing to the relati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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