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Flettner Fl 185
The Flettner Fl 185 was an experimental German gyrodyne developed by Anton Flettner, a machine which could fly both as a helicopter and as a gyroplane. Design and development This aircraft was developed in 1936 with support of the ''Kriegsmarine''. It was powered by a BMW-Bramo Sh 14 A radial piston engine with forced-air cooling, mounted at the nose. The engine drove a 12 m diameter main rotor and two auxiliary propellers mounted on outriggers attached to the fuselage. At take-off or when hovering, the auxiliary propellers worked in opposition to each other and served to cancel the torque of the main rotor, a function handled by a single, variable-pitch tail rotor on contemporary helicopters. In forward flight, however, both propellers worked to provide forward thrust while the rotor autorotated, as in a twin-engined autogyro. The landing gear consisted of a nose-wheel, two smaller stabilising wheels under the outriggers and a tail skid. Only one prototype was constructed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Flettner
Anton Flettner (November 1, 1885 – December 29, 1961) was a German aviation engineer and inventor. Born in Eddersheim (today a district of Hattersheim am Main), Flettner made important contributions to airplane, helicopter, vessel, and automobile designs. After serving Germany in both World Wars, Anton Flettner emigrated to the United States post World War II as a consultant to the office of Naval Research at the United States Navy. Anton Flettner attended the Fulda State Teachers College in Fulda, Germany. He was the village teacher in Pfaffenwiesbach from 1906 to 1909. Flettner subsequently taught high school mathematics and physics in Frankurt, where he developed ideas that would assist Germany in World War I. Flettner revolutionized the art of harnessing the wind, used essentially in an unaltered form for thousands of years—the canvas sail—by a modern machine—the Flettner Rotor ship—that could permit ocean liners to reduce their crews by two-thirds and save 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 In Aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1936: Events * The Royal Air Forces first monoplane bomber, the Avro Anson, enters service. *The German '' Luftwaffe'' begins experiments with ''helle Nachtjagd'' (abbreviated ''Henaja'') techniques, the operation of night fighters with the aid of searchlights. *The Soviet aviator Valery Chkalov with two crew members makes a non-stop flight in a Tupolev ANT-25 to Udd Island in the Arctic. * The Bureau of Air Commerce begins to develop a nationwide air traffic control system in the United States. * The Curtiss-Wright Corporation reorganizes, amalgamating all manufacturing into the Curtiss-Wright Corporation, which builds aircraft, and the Wright Aeronautical Corporation, which builds aircraft engines. January * January 10 – The civil transport version of the Heinkel He 111 bomber is revealed in public for the first time at Berlin′s Tempelhof airport. Named ''Dresden'', the He 111 V4 carries registration D-AH ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrodyne
A gyrodyne is a type of VTOL aircraft with a helicopter rotor-like system that is driven by its engine for takeoff and landing only, and includes one or more conventional propeller or jet engines to provide forward thrust during cruising flight. During forward flight the rotor is unpowered and free-spinning, like an autogyro (but unlike a compound helicopter), and lift is provided by a combination of the rotor and conventional wings. The gyrodyne is one of a number of similar concepts which attempt to combine helicopter-like low-speed performance with conventional fixed-wing high-speeds, including tiltrotors and tiltwings. In response to a Royal Navy request for a helicopter, Dr. James Allan Jamieson Bennett designed the gyrodyne whilst serving as the chief engineer of the Cierva Autogiro Company. The gyrodyne was envisioned as an intermediate type of rotorcraft, its rotor operating parallel to the flightpath to minimize axial flow with one or more propellers providing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of STOL (Short TakeOff and Landing) or STOVL (Short TakeOff and Vertical Landing) aircraft cannot perform without a runway. In 1942, the Sikorsky R-4 became the first helicopter to reach full-scale production.Munson 1968.Hirschberg, Michael J. and David K. Dailey"Sikorsky". ''US and Russian Helicopter Development in the 20th Century'', American Helicopter Society, International. 7 July 2000. Although most earlier designs used more than one main rotor, the configuration of a single main rotor accompanied by a vertical anti-torque tail rotor (i.e. unicopter, not to be confused with the single-blade monocopter) has become the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyroplane
An autogyro (from Greek and , "self-turning"), also known as a ''gyroplane'', is a type of rotorcraft that uses an unpowered rotor in free autorotation to develop lift. Forward thrust is provided independently, by an engine-driven propeller. While similar to a helicopter rotor in appearance, the autogyro's rotor must have air flowing across the rotor disc to generate rotation, and the air flows upwards through the rotor disc rather than down. The autogyro was invented by Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva in an attempt to create an aircraft that could fly safely at low speeds. He first flew one on 9 January 1923, at Cuatro Vientos Airfield in Madrid. The aircraft resembled the fixed-wing aircraft of the day, with a front-mounted engine and propeller. Cierva's autogyro is considered the predecessor of the modern helicopter. The success of the autogyro garnered the interest of industrialists and under license from Cierva in the 1920s and 1930s, the Pitcairn & Kellett compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kriegsmarine
The (, ) was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The was one of three official branches, along with the and the , of the , the German armed forces from 1935 to 1945. In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, the grew rapidly during German naval rearmament in the 1930s. The 1919 treaty had limited the size of the German navy and prohibited the building of submarines. ships were deployed to the waters around Spain during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) under the guise of enforcing non-intervention, but in reality supported the Nationalists against the Spanish Republicans. In January 1939, Plan Z, a massive shipbuilding program, was ordered, calling for surface naval parity with the British Royal Navy by 1944. When World War II broke out in September 1939, Plan Z was shelved in favour of a crash building program for submarine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siemens-Halske Sh 14
The Siemens-Halske Sh 14 was a seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine for aircraft produced in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. First run in 1928, it was rated at 93 kW (125 hp). Applications * Albatros L 82 * Ambrosini SAI.3 * Ambrosini SAI.10 * BFW M.23 * BFW M.29 * BFW M.35 * Blohm & Voss Ha 135 * Bücker Bü 133C Jungmeister * Command-Aire 3C3-BT * Doblhoff WNF 342 * Flettner Fl 185 * Flettner Fl 265 * Flettner Fl 282 * Focke-Wulf C.20 * Focke-Wulf C.30 Heuschrecke * Focke-Wulf Fw 44 * Focke-Wulf Fw 61 * Heinkel He 72 * LWD Szpak * LWD Zuch * Nuri Demirağ Nu D.38 * Prudden XM-1 * Prudden TM-1 * RWD-17W * Rogozarski SIM-VIII * Rogozarski SIM-XI * SIM-II * VL Viima Specifications (Bramo Sh 14A-4) See also * Continental R-670 * Jacobs R-755 * Warner Scarab The Warner Scarab is an American seven-cylinder radial aircraft engine, that was manufactured by the Warner Aircraft Corporation of Detroit, Michigan in 1928 through to the early 1940s. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced-air
A forced-air central heating system is one which uses air as its heat transfer medium. These systems rely on ductwork, vents, and plenums as means of air distribution, separate from the actual heating and air conditioning systems. The return plenum carries the air from several large return grills (vents) to a central air handler for re-heating. The supply plenum directs air from the central unit to the rooms which the system is designed to heat. Regardless of type, all air handlers consist of an air filter, blower, heat exchanger/element/coil, and various controls. Like any other kind of central heating system, thermostats are used to control forced air heating systems. Forced air heating is the type of central heating most commonly installed in North America. It is much less common in Europe, where hydronic heating predominates, especially in the form of hot-water radiators. Types Natural gas/propane/oil/coal/wood *Heat is produced via combustion of fuel. *A heat exchanger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autorotation
Autorotation is a state of flight in which the main rotor system of a helicopter or other rotary-wing aircraft turns by the action of air moving up through the rotor, as with an autogyro, rather than engine power driving the rotor. Bensen, Igor.How they fly – Bensen explains all" ''Gyrocopters UK''. Accessed: 10 April 2014. Quote: "air.. (is) deflected downward"Charnov, Bruce HCierva, Pitcairn and the Legacy of Rotary-Wing Flight ''Hofstra University''. Accessed: 22 November 2011. The term ''autorotation'' dates to a period of early helicopter development between 1915 and 1920, and refers to the rotors turning without the engine."Autorotation", ''Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)''. Random House, Inc. 17 April 2007 It is analogous to the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bramo 314C
The Siemens-Halske Sh 14 was a seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine for aircraft produced in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. First run in 1928, it was rated at 93 kW (125 hp). Applications * Albatros L 82 * Ambrosini SAI.3 * Ambrosini SAI.10 * BFW M.23 * BFW M.29 * BFW M.35 * Blohm & Voss Ha 135 * Bücker Bü 133C Jungmeister * Command-Aire 3C3-BT * Doblhoff WNF 342 * Flettner Fl 185 * Flettner Fl 265 * Flettner Fl 282 * Focke-Wulf C.20 * Focke-Wulf C.30 Heuschrecke * Focke-Wulf Fw 44 * Focke-Wulf Fw 61 * Heinkel He 72 * LWD Szpak * LWD Zuch * Nuri Demirağ Nu D.38 * Prudden XM-1 * Prudden TM-1 * RWD-17W * Rogozarski SIM-VIII * Rogozarski SIM-XI * SIM-II * VL Viima Specifications (Bramo Sh 14A-4) See also * Continental R-670 * Jacobs R-755 * Warner Scarab The Warner Scarab is an American seven-cylinder radial aircraft engine, that was manufactured by the Warner Aircraft Corporation of Detroit, Michigan in 1928 through to the early 1940s. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fairey FB-1 Gyrodyne
The Fairey FB-1 Gyrodyne is an experimental United Kingdom, British rotorcraft that used single lifting rotor and a Tractor configuration, tractor propeller mounted on the tip of the starboard stub wing to provide both propulsion and anti-torque reaction. Design and development In April 1946, Fairey Aviation Company, Fairey announced a private-venture project for a rotary-wing aircraft, to be built to a design developed by Dr. J.A.J. Bennett while he was chief technical officer at the Cierva Autogiro Company in 1936–1939. The Gyrodyne, constituting a third distinct type of rotorcraft and designated C.41 by the Cierva Autogiro Company, was in 1938 successfully tendered to the Royal Navy in response to List of Air Ministry specifications, Specification S.22/38 for a naval helicopter. Though preliminary work started on the project, it was abandoned with the outbreak of the World War II, Second World War, and G & J Weir, Ltd., the financiers of the Cierva Autogiro Company, dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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