|
Flag Of Mali
The national flag of Mali () is a tricolour (flag), tricolour with three equal vertical stripes. From the hoist (the place where the flagpole meets the flag) the colours are green, gold (colour), gold, and red, the pan-African colours. The flag of Mali is almost identical to the flag of Guinea, with the exception that the colours are in reverse order. History The current flag was adopted on 1 March 1961. The original flag was adopted on 4 April 1959, when Mali joined the Mali Federation. This flag was the same, except the golden stripe had a black ''Kanaga mask, kanaga'', a shape of a squatter man with arms raised to the sky. The figure was removed due to the opposition, in a country whose population is Demographics of Mali, 90% Muslim (95% Sunni 5% Shia), of Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic fundamentalists (see Aniconism in Islam, the belief against making pictures of the human figure). Symbolism The green stands for fertility of the land, gold stands for purity and mineral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Mali (1959–1961)
The national flag of Mali () is a tricolour with three equal vertical stripes. From the hoist (the place where the flagpole meets the flag) the colours are green, gold, and red, the pan-African colours. The flag of Mali is almost identical to the flag of Guinea, with the exception that the colours are in reverse order. History The current flag was adopted on 1 March 1961. The original flag was adopted on 4 April 1959, when Mali joined the Mali Federation. This flag was the same, except the golden stripe had a black '' kanaga'', a shape of a squatter man with arms raised to the sky. The figure was removed due to the opposition, in a country whose population is 90% Muslim (95% Sunni 5% Shia), of Islamic fundamentalists (see Aniconism in Islam, the belief against making pictures of the human figure). Symbolism The green stands for fertility of the land, gold stands for purity and mineral wealth, and the red symbolizes the blood shed for independence from the French. Colour s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mali Federation
The Mali Federation () was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army, and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie (national police); this resulted in a tense stand-off, and led to the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would later become the first President of Mali, and its government was based in Dakar, the eventual capital of Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (Manding languages, Manding: ''Mandé''Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: ''UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century'', p. 57. University of California Press, 1997. or ''Manden Duguba''; ) was an empire in West Africa from 1226 to 1610. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita () and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa (Musa Keita). At its peak, Mali was the largest empire in West Africa, widely influencing the culture of the region through the spread of Manding languages, its language, laws, and customs. The empire began as a small Mandinka people, Mandinka kingdom at the upper reaches of the Niger River, centered around the Manding region. It began to develop during the 11th and 12th centuries as the Ghana Empire, or Wagadu, declined and trade epicentres shifted southward. The Pre-imperial Mali, history of the Mali Empire before the 13th century is unclear, as there are conflict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wassoulou
Wassoulou, sometimes spelled Wassulu, Wassalou, or Ouassalou, is a cultural area and historical region surrounding the point where the borders of Mali, Ivory Coast, and Guinea meet. Home to about 160,000 people, it is bordered by the Niger River to the northwest, and by the Sankarani River to the east. Inhabitants are known as Wassulu, Wassulunka or Wassulunke. History The history of Wassoulou before the 19th century is poorly attested in surviving sources, but it appears to have been a relatively decentralized and egalitarian society composed of ''jamana'', alliances of small villages defended by walls. The region was in some respects tributary to the Segou Empire in the 18th and early 19th centuries, but still suffered regular slave raids. Wassoulou is also the name of an Islamic state, the Wassoulou Empire (1870–1898), ruled by Samori Ture and centered on his capital, Bissandugu. In 1870, Samori overthrew an older Wassoulou state whose ''faama'' (ruler) was Dyanabufarin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wassoulou Empire
The Samorian state, also referred to as the Wassoulou empire, Ouassalou empire, Mandinka empire or Samory's empire, was a short-lived West African state that existed from roughly 1878 until 1898, although dates vary from source to source. It spanned from what is now southwestern Mali and upper Guinea, with its capital in Bissandugu; it expanded further south into Northern Sierra Leone and east into northern Ivory Coast before its downfall. Name The state founded by Samory Toure did not have an official name. Scholars often refer to it as 'Samory's state/empire' or a version thereof. At the time the inhabitants commonly called the state ''Samoridugu'', roughly translating to 'Samori's home', for lack of a better name. The term ''Wassoulou Empire'' became widely used in the 20th century, including in the empire's former territory. This name, however, originates with 's memoirs of his time as a French colonial officer, and derives from his conflation of Samory Toure's larger empire a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ségou Region
Ségou Region (Bambara language, Bambara: ߛߋߓߎ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Segu Dineja) is an administrative region in Mali, situated in the centre of the country with an area of , around 5% of Mali. The region is bordered by Sikasso Region on the south, Tombouctou Region, Tombouctou and Mopti Region, Mopti on the east, Burkina Faso to the southeast and the Koulikoro Region to the west. In 2009 it had 2,336,255 inhabitants, making it the second most populous region of Mali. Its administrative capital is the town of Ségou. Climate The Ségou Region is characterized by a semi-arid climate and irrigated by two important waterways: the Niger and the Bani River, allowing irrigation for agriculture. Ségou has two seasons: a rainy season and a dry season. The rainy season starts in June and lasts about four months until September. On the other hand, the dry season includes a cold period and a period of heat. The average yearly rainfall is about . The harmattan is the dominant wind in the dry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mopti Region
Mopti (Fula language, Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated ''Diiwal Moobti'') is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2. Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the Mali War, 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region. Geography Mopti Region is bordered by Tombouctou Region to the north, Ségou Region to the southwest, and Burkina Faso to the southeast. The population in the 2009 census was 2,037,330. The region contains a number of ethnic groups including Fula people, Fulani, Malinke people, Malinke, and Bambara people, Bambara. The Niger River crosses the region, and is joined by the Bani River, Bani, an important tributary, at the city of Mopti. The region is separated into several areas: the Inland Niger Delta around Mopti, the Bandiagara cliffs and the plain of Bankass along the Burkin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massina Empire
The Caliphate of Hamdullahi (; ; ; ; also: Dina of Massina, Sise Jihad state), commonly known as the Massina Empire (also spelled ''Maasina'' or ''Macina''), was an early nineteenth-century Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa centered in the Inner Niger Delta of what is now the Mopti and Ségou Regions of Mali. It was founded by Seku Amadu in 1818 during the Fulani jihads after defeating the Bambara Empire and its allies at the Battle of Noukouma. By 1853, the empire had fallen into decline and was ultimately destroyed by Omar Saidou Tall of Toucouleur. The Massina Empire was one of the most organized theocratic states of its time on the African continent and had its capital at Hamdullahi. It was ruled by an almami with the help of a Grand Council that possessed the power to elect new rulers after the death of the previous one. While, in theory, the almami did not have to be a member of the Bari family, but only someone who was learned and pious, every almami elected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Community
The French Community () was the constitutional organization set up in October 1958 between France and its remaining African colonies, then in the process of decolonization. It replaced the French Union, which had reorganized the colonial empire in 1946. While the Community remained formally in existence until 1995, when the French Parliament officially abolished it, it had effectively ceased to exist and function by the end of 1960, by which time all the African members had declared their independence and left it. The Community had a short lifespan because, while the African members did not refuse it, they refrained from real involvement. Under the appearance of equality, the constitution of the Community restricted the sovereignty of the twelve African states, and reaffirmed the preeminence of France, by placing in the ''domaine commun'' (exercised in common) critical functions such as foreign affairs, defence, the currency, economic policies and control of raw materials. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of French Sudan
The flag of French Sudan was the French tricolour, used by most French colonial possessions, with a black stick figure with arms raised, a so-called '' kanaga''. The flag continued to be used when the colony gained autonomy from France in 1958, but its colors were changed to green, yellow and red with the adoption of the flag of the independent Mali Federation in 1959. See also *Flag of Mali The national flag of Mali () is a tricolour (flag), tricolour with three equal vertical stripes. From the hoist (the place where the flagpole meets the flag) the colours are green, gold (colour), gold, and red, the pan-African colours. The flag ... References External links * Flag of French Sudan Obsolete national flags Quadcolor flags {{africa-flag-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
