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First Massacre Of Machecoul
The Machecoul massacre is one of the first events of the War in the Vendée, a revolt against Levée en masse, mass conscription and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, civil constitution of the clergy. The first massacre took place on 11 March 1793, in the provincial city of Machecoul, in the district of the lower Loire. The city was a thriving center of grain trade; most of the victims were administrators, merchants and citizens of the city. Although the Machecoul massacre, and others that followed it, are often viewed (variously) as a royalist revolt, or a counter-revolution, twenty-first century historians generally agree that Vendée revolt was a complicated popular event brought on by anti-clericalism of the Revolution, mass conscription, and National Convention#Federalist revolt, Jacobin anti-federalism. In the geographic area south of the Loire, resistance to recruitment was particularly intense, and much of this area also resented intrusion by partisans of the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War In The Vendée
The War in the Vendée () was a counter-revolutionary insurrection that took place in the Vendée region of French First Republic, France from 1793 to 1796, during the French Revolution. The Vendée is a coastal region, located immediately south of the river Loire in western France. Initially, the revolt was similar to the 14th-century Jacquerie peasant uprising, but the Vendée quickly became counter-revolutionary and House of Bourbon, Royalist. The revolt was comparable to the Chouannerie, which took place concurrently in the area north of the Loire. While elsewhere in France the revolts against the were repressed, an insurgent territory, called the by historians, formed south of the Loire-Atlantique, Loire-Inférieure (Brittany), south-west of Maine-et-Loire (Duchy of Anjou, Anjou), north of Vendée and north-west of Deux-Sèvres (Poitou). Gradually referred to as the "Vendeans", the insurgents established in April a "Catholic and Royal Armies, Catholic and Royal Army" wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dechristianisation Of France During The French Revolution
The aim of several policies conducted by various governments of France during the French Revolution ranged from the appropriation by the government of the great landed estates and the large amounts of money held by the Catholic Church to the termination of Christian religious practice and of the religion itself. There has been much scholarly debate over whether the movement was popularly motivated or motivated by a small group of revolutionary radicals. These policies, which ended with the Concordat of 1801, formed the basis of the later and less radical ''laïcité'' policies. The French Revolution initially began with attacks on Church corruption and the wealth of the higher clergy, an action with which even many Christians could identify, since the Gallican Church held a dominant role in pre-revolutionary France. During a one-year period known as the Reign of Terror, the episodes of anti-clericalism became some the most violent of any in modern European history. The revoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tocsin
A Tocsin is an alarm or other signal sounded by a bell or bells. It may refer to: Cold War *TOCSIN, the codeword attached by the Royal Observer Corps to any reading on the Bomb Power Indicator after a nuclear strike on the United Kingdom during the Cold War *Tocsin Bang, the codeword attached by the Royal Observer Corps to any reading on the AWDREY instrument after a nuclear strike on the United Kingdom during the Cold War *Exercise Tocsin, a name for the nuclear attack simulation performed by the Government of Canada *TOCSIN, a Harvard undergraduate group against nuclear weapons, led by Todd Gitlin#Activism, Todd Gitlin Music *Tocsin (album), ''Tocsin'' (album), a 1984 album by goth rock band Xmal Deutschland *Tocsin (Year of No Light album), ''Tocsin'' (Year of No Light album), a 2013 album by French shoegaze band Year of No Light *the fourth and final movement of the Symphony_No._11_(Shostakovich), Symphony No. 11 (1957) by Dmitri Shostakovich Newspapers *''The Tocsin'', an ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rennes
Rennes (; ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in Northwestern France at the confluence of the rivers Ille and Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the Brittany (administrative region), Brittany Regions of France, region and Ille-et-Vilaine Departments of France, department. In 2021, its Urban unit, urban area had a population of 371,464 inhabitants, while the larger Functional area (France), metropolitan area had a population of 771,320.Comparateur de territoire Unité urbaine 2020 de Rennes (35701), Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Rennes (013) INSEE. The inhabitants of Rennes are called ''Rennais'' (masculine) and ''Rennaises'' (feminine) in French language, French. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gendarme
A gendarmerie () is a paramilitary or military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to "men-at-arms" (). In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory (primarily in rural areas and small towns in the case of France), with additional duties as military police for the armed forces. It was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions (such as Lebanon, Syria, the Ivory Coast and the Republic of the Congo) adopted a gendarmerie after independence. Similar forces exist in most European countries. The European Gendarmerie Force is a structure, aligned with the European Union, that facilitates joint operations. A similar con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machecoul - Abbaye Notre-Dame-de-la-Chaume (1)
Machecoul (; ) is a former commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Machecoul-Saint-Même. 23 November 2015. It was the site of , the opening of the in 1793. Geography The commune of Machecoul is surrounded by the following |
Pornic
Pornic (; ''Pornizh'' in Breton, ''Port-Nitz'' in Gallo language, Gallo) is a Communes of France, commune in the Loire-Atlantique Departments of France, department in western France. In 1973 the commune of Pornic absorbed the neighbouring municipalities of Sainte-Marie-sur-Mer and Clion-sur-Mer. Population Sights *Château de Pornic; medieval castle Breton language The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 1 March 2006. Transport The Pornic station, Pornic train station is served by trains to Nantes and Sainte-Pazanne. Twin towns * Scalby, North Yorkshire, Scalby, North Yorkshire - since 1995 * Linz am Rhein, Germany - since 1995 * Baiona, Pontevedra, Baiona, Spain - since 1995 Climate Pornic has a ''Csb'' type climate (Mediterranean with mild summers). The highest temperature recorded in Pornic is 38.1 °C on 4 August 2003, while the lowest temperature was -11.2 °C on 2 February 1986. Pornic's average temperature between 1971 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nantes
Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a population of 320,732 in Nantes proper and a metropolitan area of nearly 1 million inhabitants (2020). With Saint-Nazaire, a seaport on the Loire estuary, Nantes forms one of the main north-western French metropolitan agglomerations. It is the administrative seat of the Loire-Atlantique Departments of France, department and the Pays de la Loire Regions of France, region, one of 18 regions of France. Nantes belongs historically and culturally to Brittany, a former Duchy of Brittany, duchy and Province of Brittany, province, and Reunification of Brittany, its omission from the modern administrative region of Brittany is controversial. Nantes was identified during classical antiquity as a port on the Loire. It was the seat of a bishopric at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congregation Of Our Lady Of Calvary
The Congregation of Our Lady of Calvary (Daughters of Calvary, ''Filles du Calvaire'', ''Calvairiennes'') is a Roman Catholic Benedictine religious congregation, founded at Poitiers in 1617. Foundation The founders were Antoniette d'Orléans-Longueville, assisted by the Capuchin Joseph Le Clerc du Tremblay. Antoinette became a widow in 1596, and entered the convent of the Feuillantines at Toulouse in 1599. After her profession she was commanded by the Pope to act as coadjutrix to the abbess of Fontevrault, and assist her in reforming her convent. Here Antoinette met Tremblay, who became her director: he had just reformed the monastery of l'Encloître, and when Pope Paul V ordered Antoinette to found a seminary for training religious, this convent was chosen for that purpose, and was soon filled with novices. In 1614 Antoinette founded and built a new convent at Poitiers, dedicated to Our Lady of Calvary, which became the cradle of the congregation. By permission of the Pope, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guerrilla Warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians, which may include recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces. Although the term "guerrilla warfare" was coined in the context of the Peninsular War in the 19th century, the tactical methods of guerrilla warfare have long been in use. In the 6th century BC, Sun Tzu proposed the use of guerrilla-style tactics in '' The Art of War''. The 3rd century BC Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus is also credited with inventing many of the tactics of guerrilla warfare through what is today called the Fabian strategy, and in China Peng Yue is also often regarded as the inventor of guerrilla warfare. Guerrilla wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artillery
Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and led to heavy, fairly immobile siege engines. As technology improved, lighter, more mobile field artillery cannons were developed for battlefield use. This development continues today; modern self-propelled artillery vehicles are highly mobile weapons of great versatility generally providing the largest share of an army's total firepower. Originally, the word "artillery" referred to any group of soldiers primarily armed with some form of manufactured weapon or armour. Since the introduction of gunpowder and cannon, "artillery" has largely meant cannon, and in contemporary usage, usually refers to Shell (projectile), shell-firing Field gun, guns, howitzers, and Mortar (weapon), mortars (collectively called ''barrel artillery'', ''cannon artil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
