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Film Gate
The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light (or an opening for showing the film with a projector). The film gate holds the film during exposure through the aperture formed by the shutter. The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way. The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film. Occasionally, as the film passes through the gate, friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening, or a speck of dust can lodge there. These pieces of debris are called ''hairs''. A "hair in the gate" will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot. A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without using modern digital removal techniques. Because of the intractabilit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movie Camera
A movie camera (also known as a film camera and cine-camera) is a type of photographic camera that rapidly takes a sequence of photographs, either onto film stock or an image sensor, in order to produce a moving image to display on a screen. In contrast to the still camera, which captures a single image at a time, the movie camera takes a series of images by way of an intermittent mechanism or by electronic means; each image is a ''frame'' of film or video. The frames are projected through a movie projector or a video projector at a specific frame rate (number of frames per second) to show the moving picture. When projected at a high enough frame rate (24 frames per second or more), the persistence of vision allows the eyes and brain of the viewer to merge the separate frames into a continuous moving picture. History A forerunner to the movie camera was the machine invented by Francis Ronalds at the Kew Observatory in 1845. A photosensitive surface was drawn slowly past the aper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver Stapleton
Oliver David Whiteside Stapleton (born 12 April 1948), is an English cinematographer. Life and career He graduated from the University of Cape Town in 1970 with a degree in psychology and from the National Film and Television School (NFTS) UK while working in South Africa (from 1966 to 1974) and England. One of his first efforts was the student film ''Shadowplay'', a film about South African immigrants trying to adjust to life in London, which he wrote, directed, and edited. He progressed to filming music videos and commercials. He worked with many famous bands in the early-to-mid 80s, including a-ha, David Bowie, The Rolling Stones, Eddy Grant and The Human League. Awards *1986 – won MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography for " The Sun Always Shines on T.V." by a-ha. *nominated for ACE Award for ''Danny, the Champion of the World''. *1990 – nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Cinematography for '' Earth Girls Are Easy''. *2001 – nominated for Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wet-transfer Film Gate
A wet-transfer film gate, or wet gate for short, is a film gate that is submerged in liquid, used for film restoration Film preservation, or film restoration, describes a series of ongoing efforts among film historians, archivists, museums, cinematheques, and non-profit organizations to rescue decaying film stock and preserve the images they contain. In the wid ... and archival scanning. Submerging the film in the gate in a liquid with a suitably matched refractive index reduces the effects of scratches on the film, by reducing the refractive effects which divert light that passes through the scratched part of the film. The liquid also acts to lift other forms of defects from the film. Perchloroethylene, a hazardous substance with multiple health and safety risks, is commonly used as the liquid medium in wet gate systems, requiring substantial precautions to be taken to ensure the safety of operators and to prevent pollution. Wet gate transfer is often preceded by other fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pin Registration
A registration pin is a device intended to hold a piece of film, paper or other material in place during photographic exposure, copying or drawing. Registration pins are used in offset printing Offset printing is a common printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithography, lithographic process, which ... and cartography, to accurately position the different films or plates for multi-color work. In traditional, hand-drawn traditional animation, animation, the registration pins are often called pegs, and are attached to peg bar Also, in traditional, hand-taped printed circuit board artwork, usually at two or four times actual size. Sometimes on a single transparent base, usually mylar, with Layer 1 being on the front and Layer 2 being on the back, in red and green, respectively, for later separation into component parts using a process camer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Film Formats
This list of motion picture film formats catalogues formats developed for shooting or viewing motion pictures, ranging from the Chronophotographe format from 1888, to mid-20th century formats such as the 1953 CinemaScope format, to more recent formats such as the 1992 IMAX HD format. To be included in this list, the formats must all have been used in the field or for test shooting, and they must all use photochemical images that are formed or projected on a film base, a transparent substrate which supports the photosensitive emulsion. As well, the formats must have been used to make more than just a few test frames. The camera must be fast enough (in frames per second) to create an illusion of motion consistent with the persistence of vision phenomenon. The format must be significantly unique from other listed formats in regard to its image capture or image projection. The format characteristics should be clearly definable in several listed parameters (e. g., film gauge, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoom Lens
A zoom lens is a system of camera lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed-focal-length (FFL) lens (''prime lens''). A true zoom lens or optical zoom lens is a type of '' parfocal lens'', one that maintains focus when its focal length changes. Most consumer zoom lenses do not maintain perfect focus, but are still nearly parfocal. Most camera phones that are advertised as having optical zoom actually use a few cameras of different but fixed focal length, combined with digital zoom to make a hybrid system. The convenience of variable focal length comes at the cost of complexity – and some compromises on image quality, weight, dimensions, aperture, autofocus performance, and cost. For example, all zoom lenses suffer from at least slight, if not considerable, loss of image resolution at their maximum aperture, especially at the extremes of their focal length range. This effect is evident in the corners of the image ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flashlight
A flashlight (US English) or electric torch (Commonwealth English), usually shortened to torch, is a portable hand-held electric lamp. Formerly, the light source typically was a miniature incandescent light bulb, but these have been displaced by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) since the early 2000s. A typical flashlight consists of the light source mounted in a reflector, a transparent cover (sometimes combined with a lens) to protect the light source and reflector, a battery, and a switch, all enclosed in a case. The invention of the dry cell and miniature incandescent electric lamps made the first battery-powered flashlights possible around 1899. Today, flashlights use mostly light-emitting diodes and run on disposable or rechargeable batteries. Some are powered by the user turning a crank, shaking the lamp, or squeezing it. Some have solar panels to recharge the battery. Flashlights are used as a light source outdoors, in places without permanently installed lighting, during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arri
Arri Group () (stylized as "ARRI") is a German manufacturer of motion picture film equipment. Based in Munich, the company was founded in 1917. It produces professional motion picture cameras, lenses, lighting and post-production equipment. It is cited by Hermann Simon (manager), Hermann Simon as an example of a "Hidden champions, hidden champion". The Arri Alexa camera system was used to shoot several films that won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, including ''Hugo (film), Hugo'' (2011), ''Life of Pi (film), Life of Pi'' (2012), ''Gravity (2013 film), Gravity'' (2013), ''Birdman (film), Birdman'' (2014), ''The Revenant (2015 film), The Revenant'' (2015) and ''1917 (2019 film), 1917'' (2019). History Early history Arri was founded in Munich, Germany on 12 September 1917 by August Arnold and Robert Richter as Arnold & Richter Cine Technik. The acronym ''Arri'' was derived from the initial two letters of the founders' surnames, ''Ar''nold and ''Ri''chter. In 1924, Arno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casanova (2005 Film)
''Casanova'' is a 2005 American romance film directed by Lasse Hallström starring Heath Ledger and loosely based on the life of Giacomo Casanova. The film premiered September 3, 2005, at the Venice Film Festival. It received mixed reviews and flopped at the box office. Plot A young woman tearfully leaves her son to live with his grandmother and promises to return to him someday. Several years later, in 1753, in Venice, Casanova is notorious for his promiscuity with women, his adventures being represented in puppet theatres around the city. The Doge, the ruler of the city, is a friend to Casanova, but cannot be too lenient on him as he wishes to avoid trouble with the Church. He warns Casanova to marry soon, or he will be exiled from the city. Casanova gets engaged to Victoria, famous for her virginity, to save himself from exile. Casanova later meets and falls in love with Francesca Bruni, who writes illegal feminist books under a male pseudonym, Bernardo Guardi, and also argu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinematographer
The cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the person responsible for the recording of a film, television production, music video or other live-action piece. The cinematographer is the chief of the camera and light film crew, crews working on such projects. They would normally be responsible for making artistic and technical decisions related to the image and for selecting the camera, film stock, photographic lens, lenses, filter (photography), filters, etc. The study and practice of this field are referred to as ''cinematography''. The cinematographer is a subordinate of the film director, director, tasked with capturing a scene in accordance with the director's vision. Relations between the cinematographer and director vary. In some instances, the director will allow the cinematographer complete independence, while in others, the director allows little to none, even going so far as to specify exact camera placement and lens selection. Suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic Lens
A camera lens, photographic lens or photographic objective is an optical lens (optics), lens or assembly of lenses (compound lens) used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to Imaging, make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image Photosensitivity, chemically or Image sensor, electronically. There is no major difference in principle between a lens used for a still camera, a video camera, a telescope, a microscope, or other apparatus, but the details of design and construction are different. A lens might be permanently fixed to a camera, or it might be interchangeable lens camera, interchangeable with lenses of different focal lengths, apertures, and other properties. While in principle a simple lens, simple convex lens will suffice, in practice a compound lens made up of a number of optical lens elements is required to correct (as much as possible) the many optical aberrations that arise. Some aberrations will be prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camera Magazine
A camera magazine is a light-tight chamber or pair of chambers designed to hold film and move motion picture film stock before and after it has been exposed in the camera. In most movie cameras, the magazine is a removable piece of equipment. Many still photo cameras also have removable camera magazines. A film cartridge serves the same function, but is usually not reusable. Lengths In 16 mm filmmaking, most magazines are designed to accommodate up to 400 feet of film stock, which usually is the longest standard roll size available from film manufacturers (longer rolls can be made upon special request sometimes, but require special magazines). In 35mm filmmaking, there tend to be three common magazine types - 1000 foot magazines, which accommodate the longest standard roll size of 35 mm film; 400 foot magazines, which are often used when the camera is handheld in order to minimize the amount of weight upon the camera operator; and 400 foot Steadicam magazines, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
