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Ferula
''Ferula'' (from Latin ''ferula'' ) is a genus of about 220 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region east to central Asia, mostly growing in arid climates. Many plants of this genus, especially '' F. communis'', are referred to as "giant fennel", although they are not fennel in the strict sense. Description They are herbaceous perennial plants growing to 1–4 m tall, with stout, hollow, somewhat succulent stems. The leaves are tripinnate or even more finely divided, with a stout basal sheath clasping the stem. The basal sheaths of ''Ferula oopoda'', for example, are up to six inches (15 cm) long and form a cup holding about a cup of rainwater. The flowers are usually yellow, rarely white, produced in large umbels. Selected species Uses The Roman spice laserpicium probably came from a species of ''Ferula'', either an extinct one or '' Ferula tingitana'', though other identities have been suggested. The Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferula Drudeana
''Ferula drudeana'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Central Taurus Mountains area of Turkey. It has been proposed as a candidate for the possibly extinct silphium plant of antiquity. It is known from only three locations in Turkey, all sites of longstanding villages. Description and ecology ''Ferula drudeana'' is a tall monocarpic herb from around one meter to 2.5 meters high at flowering time. It has stout branching roots resembling ginseng in shape, 3–8 cm in diameter, and having a dense fibrous collar; a grooved stalk and stout striated stems; frond-like basal leaves and pinnate celery-like leaves with a stout basal sheath clasping the stem. Yellow flowers are produced in large umbels, and its papery mericarps are shaped like inverted hearts. It was first collected by the German engineer and botanical collector Walter E. Siehe in the early 20th century, probably in the north of today's Adana Province, and misidentified as '' Fer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferula Communis
''Ferula communis'', the giant fennel, is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. It is related to the common fennel (''Foeniculum vulgare''), which belongs to the same family. ''Ferula communis'' is a tall herbaceous perennial plant. It is found in Mediterranean and East African woodlands and shrublands. It was known in antiquity as ''laser'' or ''narthex''. Human use Its young stems and inflorescences were eaten in ancient Rome, and are still eaten in Morocco today. However, culinary uses of this species are not always safe and poisoning may occur. In Sardinia two different chemotypes of ''Ferula communis'' have been identified: poisonous (especially to animals like sheep, goats, cattle, and horses) and non-poisonous. They differ in both secondary metabolites patterning and enzymatic composition. The resin of the subspecies ''F. communis'' subsp. ''brevifolia'' is called gum ammoniac of Morocco. The phenolic compound ferulic acid is named for the gia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferula Assa-foetida
''Ferula assa-foetida'' is a species of ''Ferula'' endemic to Southern Iran. It is a source of asafoetida, but not the main source, although many sources claim so. The production of asafoetida from this species is confined to Southern Iran, especially the area near Lar. Outside its native range, other asafoetida-producing species are often misidentified as ''F. assa-foetida''. For example, '' F. foetida'' is mistaken for ''F. assa-foetida'' in '' Flora of the U.S.S.R.'' and ''Flora of Pakistan''. In a molecular phylogenetic study, all the plant samples of ''F. assa-foetida'' collected in Central Iran were not the true species, but '' F. alliacea'' and '' F. gabrielii'' or their close relatives instead. Chemical analyses of asafoetida samples obtained from local markets in Eastern Iran also showed that asafoetida-producing species there were '' F. lutensis'', ''F. foetida'', ''F. alliacea'', etc., instead of ''F. assa-foetida''. '' F. pseudalliacea'' and '' F. rubricaulis'' are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferula Foetida
''Ferula foetida'' is a species of '' Ferula'' native to Central Asia (Kyzylkum Desert, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan), Eastern Iran, western Afghanistan and western Pakistan. It is the most widely distributed species that produces asafoetida. It is often mistaken for the Southern Iranian species '' F. assa-foetida'', for example, in '' Flora of the U.S.S.R.'' and ''Flora of Pakistan Pakistan's native flora reflects its varied climatic zones, which range from arid and semi-arid to temperate and tropical. For further details of habitats, see Ecoregions of Pakistan, Forestry in Pakistan and Wildlife of Pakistan. Distribut ...''. Ferula assa-foetida - Kyzylkum (5).jpg, Plants Ferula assa-foetida (Uzbekistan) 2.jpg, Basal leaves Ferula assa-foetida - Kyzylkum (4).jpg, Stem Ferula assa-foetida - Kyzylkum (3).jpg, Compound inflorescence Ferula assa-foetida (Uzbekistan) 3.jpg, Umbels References foetida Flora of Iran Flora of Afghanistan Flora of Pakistan Flora of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galbanum
Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus '' Ferula'', chiefly '' Ferula gummosa'' (synonym ''F. galbaniflua'') and '' Ferula rubricaulis''. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran. It occurs usually in hard or soft, irregular, more or less translucent and shining lumps, or occasionally in separate tears, of a light-brown, yellowish or greenish-yellow colour. Galbanum has a disagreeable, bitter taste, a peculiar, somewhat musky odour, and an intense green scent. With a specific gravity of 1.212, it contains about 8% terpenes; about 65% of a resin which contains sulfur; about 20% gum; and a very small quantity of the colorless crystalline substance umbelliferone. It also contains α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, cadinene, 3-carene, and ocimene. Uses Biblical use In the Book of Exodus 30:34, it is mentioned as being used in the making of the '' Ketoret'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silphion
Silphium (also known as ''laserwort'' or ''laser''; Ancient Greek: , ) is an unidentified plant that was used in classical antiquity as a seasoning, perfume, aphrodisiac, and medicine. It was an essential item of trade from the ancient North African city of Cyrene, Libya, Cyrene and was so critical to the Cyrenian economy that most of their coins bore an image of the plant. The valuable product was the plant's resin, called in Latin ''wikt:laserpicium, laserpicium'', ''lasarpicium'' or ''laser'' (the words ''Laserpitium'' and ''Laser (plant), Laser'' were used by botanists to name genera of aromatic plants, but the silphium plant is not believed to belong to these genera). The exact identity of silphium is unclear. It was claimed to have become extinct in Roman times. It is commonly believed to be a relative of giant fennel in the genus ''Ferula''. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferula Gummosa
''Ferula gummosa'' is a perennial herb of '' Ferula'' in the family Apiaceae. It is native to Iran and Turkmenistan. Its gum resin is called galbanum Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus '' Ferula'', chiefly '' Ferula gummosa'' (synonym ''F. galbaniflua'') and '' Ferula rubricaulis''. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentif .... References gummosa {{Apiaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
