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Female Entrepreneurs
Female entrepreneurs are women who organize and manage an enterprise, particularly a business. Female entrepreneurship has steadily increased in the United States during the 20th and 21st century, with number of female owned businesses increasing at a rate of 5% since 1997. This growth has led to the rise of wealthy self-made females such as Coco Chanel, Diane Hendricks, Meg Whitman, and Oprah Winfrey. History The first female-owned business in the United States is recorded in 1739 when Eliza Lucas Pinckney took over her family's plantations in South Carolina when she was 16 years old. In the 18th and 19th centuries, women operated small businesses that they attained from inheritance or to supplement their income. In many cases, they were trying to avoid poverty or were replacing the income from the loss of a spouse. At that time, the ventures that these women undertook were not thought of as entrepreneurial. Many of them had to focus on their domestic responsibilities. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oprah Winfrey Receives 2013 Presidential Medal Of Freedom
Oprah Gail Winfrey (; born Orpah Gail Winfrey; January 29, 1954) is an American television presenter, talk show host, television producer, actress, author, and media proprietor. She is best known for her talk show, ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', broadcast from Chicago, which ran in national syndication for 25 years, from 1986 to 2011. Dubbed the "Queen of All Media", she was the richest African-American of the 20th century and was once the world's only Black billionaire. By 2007, she was often ranked as the most influential woman in the world. Winfrey was born into poverty in rural Mississippi to a single teenage mother and later raised in inner-city Milwaukee. She has stated that she was molested during her childhood and early teenage years and became pregnant at 14; her son was born preterm birth, prematurely and died in infancy. Winfrey was then sent to live with the man she calls her father, Vernon Winfrey, a barber in Nashville, Tennessee, and landed a job in radio while s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lillian M
Lillian or Lilian can refer to: People and fictional characters * Lillian (given name) or Lilian, including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Isidore Lillian (1882-1960), American Yiddish theatre playwright and lyricist Places Iran * Lilian, Iran, a village in Markazi Province United States * Lillian, Alabama * Lillian, West Virginia * Lillian Township, Custer County, Nebraska Arts and entertainment * ''Lillian'' (album), a 2005 collaboration between Alias (Brendan Whitney) and his brother Ehren Whitney * "John the Revelator / Lilian", a 2006 single by Depeche Mode * "Lilian", a song by Insomnium from ''Anno 1696'', 2023 * ''Lillian'' (film), a 2019 film Ships * USS ''Lillian II'' (SP-38), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission in 1917 * USS ''Lilian'' (1863), a United States Navy steamer in commission from 1864 to 1865 Other uses * Hurricane Lillian, two tropical cyclones See also * Lake Lillian (other) Lake L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Kay Ash
Mary Kay Ash (born Mary Kathlyn Wagner; May 12, 1918 – November 22, 2001) was an American businesswoman and founder of multi-level marketing company Mary Kay, Mary Kay Cosmetics, Inc. At the time of her death, she had a fortune of $98 million, and her company had more than $1.2 billion in sales with a sales force of more than 800,000 in at least three dozen countries. Early life Mary Kay Ash, born Mary Kathlyn Wagner in Cypress, Texas, Hot Wells, Harris County, Texas, was the daughter of Edward Alexander and Lula Vember Hastings Wagner.Leavitt, Judith A. (1985) ''American Women Managers and Administrators'' Greenwood Publishing, Westport, Connecticut, p. 14, Her mother was trained as a nurse and later became a manager of a restaurant in Houston.Ash, Mary Kay. Mary Kay', October 1981, Harper & Row, Ash attended Dow Elementary School and Reagan High School (Houston), Reagan High School in Houston and graduated in 1934. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bette Nesmith Graham
Bette Nesmith Graham (March 23, 1924 – May 12, 1980) was an American typist, commercial artist, and the inventor of the correction fluid Liquid Paper. Born as Bette Clair McMurry, she married Warren Nesmith at the age of 19 and became the mother of the musician and producer Michael Nesmith, who later became the guitarist of The Monkees. After Warren returned from serving in World War II, the couple divorced, leaving Bette to raise Michael as a single mother. She married Robert Graham in 1962, and he helped her run the lucrative Liquid Paper business that she had founded a few years prior. Biography Born in 1924 in Dallas, Texas, Bette Graham dropped out of Alamo Heights High School in San Antonio at the age of seventeen and went to secretarial school. By 1951, she had worked her way up to the position of executive secretary for W. W. Overton, the Chairman of the Board of the Texas Bank and Trust. Around this time, electric typewriters were becoming increasingly popular, and Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lillian Vernon (businesswoman)
Lillian Vernon (born Lilli Menasche; March 18, 1927 – December 14, 2015) was an American businesswoman and philanthropist. She founded the Lillian Vernon Corporation in 1951 and served as its chairwoman and CEO until July 1989, though she continued to serve as executive chairwoman until 2003, when the company was taken private by Zelnick Media. When it went public in 1987, Lillian Vernon Corporation was the first company traded on the American Stock Exchange founded by a woman. New York University's Lillian Vernon Writers House is named after her and houses the University's prestigious creative writing program. Early life Lillian Vernon was born Lilli Menasche in Leipzig, Germany in 1927 to Erna Feiner Menasche and Herman Menasche, a successful dry goods merchant (she later changed her name to Vernon, borrowing it from Mount Vernon, New York, where she settled with her first husband Samuel Hochberg). In 1933, Vernon's brother was attacked by an anti-Jewish mob, and the family fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Arden
Elizabeth Arden (December 31, 1881 – October 18, 1966), also known as Elizabeth N. Graham, was a Canadian-American businesswoman who founded what is now Elizabeth Arden, Inc., and built a cosmetics empire in the United States. Background She was born Florence Nightingale Graham on her family's farm in Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada. She played with her birth date, but although her birth record seems to have disappeared, census records and a statutory declaration by her older brother, William Pearce Graham (1877–1959), both put the date at 1881. The property is currently home to the Vaughan Grove community. Her parents had immigrated to Canada from Cornwall, United Kingdom, in the 1870s. Her father, William Graham, was Scottish; her mother, Susan (née Tadd), was Cornish and had arranged for a wealthy aunt in Cornwall to pay for her children's education. After dropping out of nursing school in Toronto, she joined her elder brother in Manhattan, working briefly as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Federation Of Business And Professional Women's Clubs
Nevin, Susan B. (January 17, 1967). "Something Doing: Clubwomen to Pioneer in First Crafts ContestFebruary 1 Is the Date" ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. p. 19. Retrieved June 8, 2023.Business and Professional Women's Foundation (BPW) is an organization established for workforce development programs and workplace policies to acknowledge the needs of working women, communities, and businesses. It supports the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. Structure The work of BPW Foundation is supported through corporate partnerships, grants, and individual philanthropic donations. Its Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) number is 10506. It is governed by a board of trustees. Sub-organizations History Founding While mobilizing for World War I, the U.S. Government recognized the need for a cohesive group to coordinate identification of women's available skills and experience. A Women's War Council, financed through a federal grant, was established by the War Depa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estée Lauder (businesswoman)
Estée Lauder ( ; born Josephine Esther Mentzer; July 1, 1908 – April 24, 2004) was an American businesswoman. She co-founded her Estée Lauder Companies, eponymous cosmetics company with her husband, Joseph Lauter (later Lauder). Lauder was the only woman on ''Time (magazine), Time'' magazine's 1998 list of the 20 most influential business geniuses of the 20th century. Early life and education Lauder was born Josephine Esther Mentzer in Corona, Queens, New York City, the second child born to Rose Schotz and Max Mentzer. Her parents were History of the Jews in Hungary, Hungarian Jewish immigrants. Her maternal grandmother was from Sátoraljaújhely and her maternal grandfather was from (now Holice, Dunajská Streda District, Holice, Slovakia), while her father had Czech Jews, Czech-Jewish ancestry. Lauder's claims of descent from European aristocracy were discredited in a biography, ''Estée Lauder: Beyond the Magic'' (1985) by Lee Israel. Her ''New York Times'' obituary obse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauline Trigère
Pauline Trigère (November 4, 1908 – February 13, 2002) was a French and American couturière. She was famous in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. She designed novelties such as the jumpsuit, the sleeveless coat, the reversible cape and the embroidered sheer bodice. She reinvented ready-to-wear fashion, matching form to function with bold prints and architectural silhouettes to create a distinctly modern female aesthetic. Trigère's loyal clients included Grace Kelly, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Elizabeth Taylor, Kay Wiebrecht, and Evelyn Lauder. Early life Trigère was born in Paris to Russian Jewish parents in the 9th Arrondissement, next to "Place Pigalle" Her father Alexandre was a tailor, while her mother Cecile was a dressmaker. Trigère was a proficient seamstress by age ten, often assisting her mother in altering women's clothes, and she designed her first dress in her early teens. At that age, however, Trigère was more interested in medicine than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a Administrative divisions of New York#City, city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the United States Census 2020, 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track operated by the New York Racing Association, New York Racing Association, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses". History The Mohawk people, Mohawk Indigenous people used the area that is now Saratoga Springs as prime hunting ground, and some thought of the mineral springs as a gift from Manitou. The British built Fort Saratoga in 1691 on the west bank of the Hudson River. During the early part of the 1700s, settlers from Europe began to develop the area. Shortly thereafter, British colonists settled the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hattie Moseley Austin
Hattie Moseley Austin (April 23, 1998) was an American chef and restaurateur. She was the founder-owner-chef of Hattie's Chicken Shack in Saratoga Springs, New York Saratoga Springs is a Administrative divisions of New York#City, city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the United States Census 2020, 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the .... Early Life and Personal Background Hattie Moseley Austin, born Hattie Gray around 1900 in Saint Francisville, Louisiana, lost her mother Lydia during childbirth. Raised by her father, Harry, she received additional support from Hattie Leopold, the wife of a local rabbi who had employed Lydia. In honor of her, Hattie was named after Mrs. Leopold. She later moved to New Orleans for school and then to Chicago, where she worked as a cook for A.E. Staley, founder of the Staley corn processing company. The Staleys maintained homes in Chicago, Miami, and Saratoga Springs, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
