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Feliform
Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa. Feliformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, Caniformia consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans (includes Canoidea). The separation of the Carnivora into the broad groups of feliforms and caniforms is widely accepted, as is the definition of Feliformia and Caniformia as suborders (sometimes superfamilies). The classification of feliforms as part of the Feliformia suborder or under separate groupings continues to evolve. Systematic classifications dealing with only extant taxa include all feliforms into the Feliformia suborder, though variations exist in the definition and grouping of families and genera.Taxonomic references - extant species (1): Supporting descriptive information and picturesDiversity Web (online) – Feliformia/ref>Taxonomic references - extant species (2)Integrated Taxo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnivora
Carnivora ( ) is an order of placental mammals specialized primarily in eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans. The order Carnivora is the sixth largest order of mammals, comprising at least 279 species. Carnivorans are found on every major landmass and in a variety of habitats, ranging from the cold polar regions of Earth to the hyper-arid region of the Sahara Desert and the open seas. Carnivorans exhibit a wide array of body plans, varying greatly in size and shape. Carnivora are divided into two suborders, the Feliformia, containing the true felids and several animals; and the Caniformia, containing the true canids and many animals. The feliforms include the Felidae, Viverridae, hyena, and mongoose families, the majority of which live only in the Old World; cats are the only exception, occurring in the Old World and the New World, entering the Americas via the Bering land bridge. The caniforms include the Caninae, Procyonidae, bears, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyena
Hyenas or hyaenas ( ; from Ancient Greek , ) are feliform carnivoran mammals belonging to the family Hyaenidae (). With just four extant species (each in its own genus), it is the fifth-smallest family in the order Carnivora and one of the smallest in the class Mammalia. Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems. Although phylogenetically closer to felines and viverrids, hyenas are behaviourally and morphologically similar to canids in several elements due to convergent evolution: both hyenas and canines are non-arboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws. Both eat food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable claws are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, hyenas' grooming, scent marking, defecation habits, mating, and parental behavior are consistent with the behavior of other feliforms. Hyenas feature prominently in the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viverridae
Viverridae is a family (biology), family of small to medium-sized feliform mammals, comprising 14 genera with 33 species. This family was named and first described by John Edward Gray in 1821. Viverrids occur all over Africa, in southern Europe, South Asia, South and Southeast Asia on both sides of the Wallace Line. The word viverridae comes from the Latin word . The species of the subfamily Genettinae are known as Genet (animal), genets and Poiana (genus), oyans. The viverrids of the subfamily Viverrinae are commonly called civets; the Paradoxurinae and most Hemigalinae species are called palm civets. Characteristics Viverrids have four or five toes on each foot and half-retractile claws. They have six incisors in each jaw and Molar (tooth), molars with two tubercular grinders behind in the upper jaw, and one in the lower jaw. The tongue is rough with sharp prickles. A pouch or Anal gland, gland occurs beneath the anus, but there is no cecum. The male's Urinary meatus, urethr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeogalidae
''Palaeogale'' is an extinct genus of carnivorous mammal known from the Late Eocene, Oligocene, and Early Miocene of North America, Europe, and Eastern Asia. A small carnivore often associated with the mustelids, ''Palaeogale'' might have been similar to living genets, civets, and linsangs. Time range The ancestry of ''Palaeogale'' remains enigmatic. The genus appears in Europe 32 Ma, after the Grande Coupure, but 35-36 Ma-old ( Chadronian NALMA) specimens from Pipestone Springs, Montana, are the oldest known. ''Palaeogale'' survived until the late Early Miocene of Europe and the early Early Miocene of East Asia. noted that the ''Palaeogale'' specimens found in Mongolia are the most plesiomorphic (p1 double-rooted, m2 relatively large, very small overall size) and that the genus probably originated there and migrated to Europe and North America. Anatomy ''Palaeogale'' was the size of a small mustelid but had a hypercarnivorous dentition and its taxonomic position remains en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viverrid
Viverridae is a family (biology), family of small to medium-sized feliform mammals, comprising 14 genera with 33 species. This family was named and first described by John Edward Gray in 1821. Viverrids occur all over Africa, in southern Europe, South Asia, South and Southeast Asia on both sides of the Wallace Line. The word viverridae comes from the Latin word . The species of the subfamily Genettinae are known as Genet (animal), genets and Poiana (genus), oyans. The viverrids of the subfamily Viverrinae are commonly called civets; the Paradoxurinae and most Hemigalinae species are called palm civets. Characteristics Viverrids have four or five toes on each foot and half-retractile claws. They have six incisors in each jaw and Molar (tooth), molars with two tubercular grinders behind in the upper jaw, and one in the lower jaw. The tongue is rough with sharp prickles. A pouch or Anal gland, gland occurs beneath the anus, but there is no cecum. The male's Urinary meatus, urethr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eupleridae
Eupleridae is a Family (biology), family of carnivorans endemic to Madagascar and comprising 10 known living species in seven genus, genera, commonly known as euplerids, Malagasy mongooses or Malagasy carnivorans. The best known species is the Fossa (animal), fossa (''Cryptoprocta ferox''), in the subfamily Euplerinae. All species of Euplerinae were formerly classified as Viverridae, viverrids, while all species in the subfamily Galidiinae were classified as Herpestidae, herpestids. Recent molecular studies indicate that the 10 living species of Madagascar carnivorans evolved from one ancestor that is thought to have Oceanic dispersal, rafted over from mainland Africa 18–24 million years ago. This makes Malagasy carnivorans a clade. They are closely allied with the true herpestid mongooses, their closest living relatives. The fossa and the Malagasy civet (''Fossa fossana'') are each evolutionarily quite distinct from each other and from the rest of the clade. All ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lophocyonidae
Lophocyonidae is an extinct family of feliform carnivorans from the Miocene of Europe.Pilgrim, G. E. (1931). Catalogue of the pontian Carnivora of Europe. British Museum (Natural History): 1174. Taxonomy Classification Lophocyonidae was previously a subfamily of Hyaenidae, Procyonidae, or Viverridae, but Morales et al. (2019) recognized it as a distinct family in its own right. Distinguishing features of lophocyonids include the molarization of the anterior premolars (P3 and p4), the lophodont adaptation of the molar dentition and the complex morphology of the incisors. Phylogenetic tree The phylogenetic relationships of Lophocyonidae are shown in the following cladogram: References Miocene feliforms Miocene mammals of Europe Miocene first appearances Miocene extinctions Prehistoric carnivorans of Europe Prehistoric mammal families {{paleo-carnivora-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spotted Hyena
The spotted hyena (''Crocuta crocuta''), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus ''Crocuta'', native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN due to its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. Populations of ''Crocuta'', usually considered a subspecies of ''Crocuta crocuta'', known as cave hyenas, roamed across Eurasia for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest extant member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, rounded ears, less prominent mane, spotted pelt, more dual-purposed dentition, fewer nipples, and #Female genitalia, pseudo-penis. It is the only placental mammalian species where females hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herpestoidea
Herpestoidea is a superfamily of mammalia carnivores which includes mongooses, Malagasy carnivoransWozencraft, 2005, pp. 560–561 and the hyenas. Herpestoids, with the exception of the hyenas, have a cylindrical and elongated body, which allows them to get into holes to catch prey. Herpestoids are feliforms and several of them specialize in hunting animals bigger than they are. Retrieved 08.31.2018 They live throughout Eurasia, Africa and the island of Madagascar. Classification Superfamily HerpestoideaBARRETT, P. Z. THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF THE FELIFORMIA: CONTINGENCY, CONSTRAINT, DISPARITY (dissertation). June 202/ref> * incertae sedis: family †Lophocyonidae (it probably belongs just outside Herpestoidea) * family Eupleridae (Malagasy carnivorans) * family Herpestidae (mongooses and allies) * family Hyaenidae (hyenas and aardwolf) - including the former family †Percrocutidae Phylogenetic tree The phylogenetic relationships of Herpestoidea are shown in the following c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caniformia
Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans. They include Canidae, dogs (Wolf, wolves, foxes, etc.), bears, raccoons, and Mustelidae, mustelids. The Pinnipedia (pinniped, seals, walruses and sea lions) are also assigned to this group. The center of diversification for the Caniformia is North America and northern Eurasia. Caniformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, the Feliformia ("cat-like" carnivorans), the center of diversification of which was in Africa and United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, southern Asia. Description Most members of this group have nonretractile claws (the Fisher (animal), fisher, marten, sea otter (Forepaw, forepaws only), red panda, and Bassariscus astutus, ringtail, and some foxes have retractile or semi-retractile claws) and tend to be plantigrade (with the exception of the Canidae). Other traits that separate the Caniformia from the Feliformia is that caniforms have longer ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenoplesictidae
Stenoplesictidae is the name of a polyphyletic family of extinct civet-like feliforms Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including Felidae, cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa. Feliformia stands in contrast to the other suborder of Carnivora, .... Taxonomy Classification References * Morlo M. & Nagel D. (2007). "The carnivore guild of the Taatsiin Gol area: Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta), Carnivora, and Didymoconida from the Oligocene of Central Mongolia". ''Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien'' 108A: 217–231. * Morlo M., Miller E. R. & El-Barkooky A. N. (2007). "Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 27(1): 145–159. * de Bonis, L., S. Peigne, & M. Hugueney (1999) – "Carnivores feloides de l'Oligocene superieur de Coderet-Bransat (Allier, France)". ''Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 1999'' 170: 939–949. * Morales, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossa (animal)
The fossa (''Cryptoprocta ferox''; or ; ) is a slender, long-tailed, cat-like mammal that is endemic to Madagascar. It is a member of the carnivora, carnivoran family Eupleridae. The fossa is the largest mammalian carnivore on Madagascar and has been compared to a small cougar, as it has Convergent evolution, convergently evolved many cat-like features. Adults have a head-body length of and weigh between , with the males larger than the females. It has semi-retractable claws (meaning it can extend but not retract its claws fully) and flexible ankles that allow it to climb up and down trees head-first, and also support jumping from tree to tree. A larger relative of the species, ''Cryptoprocta spelea'', probably became extinct before 1400. The species is widespread, although population density, population densities are usually low. It is found solely in forested habitat, and actively hunts both by day and night. Over 50% of its diet consists of lemurs, the endemic primates f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
