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Federal Republic
A federal republic is a federation of Federated state, states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader, such as a president, rather than by a monarch or any Aristocracy (class), hereditary aristocracy. In a federal republic, a separation of powers, division of powers exists between the federal government and the government of the individual subdivisions. While each federal republic manages this division of powers differently, common matters relating to international affairs and treaties, security and defense, inter-state relations, and monetary policy are usually handled at the federal level, while matters such as infrastructure maintenance and education policy are usually handled at the regional or local level; however, views differ on what issues should be a federal competence, and subdivisions usual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation
A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a political union, union of partially federated state, self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a #Federal governments, federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is Constitution, constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body without constitutional amendment. Sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. Overriding powers of a central authority theoretically can include the constitutional authority to suspend a constituent state's government by invoking gross mismanagement or civil unrest, or to adopt national legislation that override ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Head Of State
A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "[The head of state] being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of state depends on the country's form of government and any separation of powers; the powers of the office in each country range from being also the head of government to being little more than a ceremonial figurehead. In a parliamentary system, such as Politics of India, India or the Politics of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom, the head of state usually has mostly ceremonial powers, with a separate head of government. However, in some parliamentary systems, like Politics of South Africa, South Africa, there is an executive president that is both head of state and head of government. Likewise, in some parliamentary systems the head of state is not the head of government, but still has significant powers, for example Politics of Morocco, Moro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Željko Komšić
Željko Komšić (; born 20 January 1964) is a Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian Croat politician serving as the List of Croat members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 6th and current Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2018. Previously, he was a member of the national House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, House of Representatives from 2014 to 2018. Komšić already served as a member of the Presidency from 2006 to 2014 and was elected to the same office for a third term in the 2018 Bosnian general election, 2018 general election, thus becoming the second Presidency member overall, after Bosniak Alija Izetbegović, and the first, and so far only Croat member to serve more than two terms. He was re-elected for a fourth term in the 2022 Bosnian general election, 2022 general election. Komšić was a prominent figure of the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Social Democratic Party, until he left it in 2012 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Bećirović
Denis Bećirović (born 28 November 1975) is a Bosnian politician, professor and historian serving as the 8th and current Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2022. Previously, Bećirović was a member of the national House of Peoples from 2019 to 2022. He is also the current vice-president of the Social Democratic Party. Born in Tuzla, Bećirović graduated from the city's University in 1998. He enrolled in postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Sarajevo in 2000. Prior to his political engagement, Bećirović was a history teacher at a primary school in Tuzla. From 1998 to 2002, he worked at the Secondary School of Economics in his hometown. Bećirović has been a member of the Social Democratic Party since 1993. In 1998, he became a member of the Federal Parliament. Two years later, he entered the Tuzla Cantonal Assembly and was appointed member of the Federal House of Peoples. In the 2006 general election, Bećir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Željka Cvijanović
Željka Cvijanović (; sr-cyr, Жељка Цвијановић, ; born 4 March 1967) is a Bosnian Serb politician serving as the 8th and current Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2022. She has also been serving as its chairwoman since November 2024. She previously served as the 9th president of Republika Srpska from 2018 to 2022. A member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Cvijanović was the 11th prime minister of Republika Srpska from 2013 to 2018. In the 2018 general election, she was elected president of Republika Srpska, assuming office on 19 November 2018. In the 2022 general election, Cvijanović was elected as the Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, becoming the first female member of the Presidency since the end of the Bosnian War. She was sworn in as Presidency member on 16 November 2022. Early life and education Cvijanović was born Željka Grabovac in Teslić, present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Divisions Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
The political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were created by the Dayton Agreement. The agreement divides the country into two federal entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and the Republika Srpska (RS) and one ''Condominium (international law), condominium'' of the two entities named the Brčko District. The vast majority of the population in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Bosniaks and Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croats. In contrast, in Republika Srpska, the vast majority are Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs. Due to the entities' high powers and the political differences between them, Bosnia and Herzegovina is described as a confederation. Overview The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is split into 10 Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, cantons, local governing units endowed with substantial autonomy. In contrast, Republika Srpska operates under a centralised government structure. While the state level ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Nehammer
Karl Nehammer (; born 18 October 1972) is an Austrian politician who served as the 28th chancellor of Austria from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), he previously was Minister of the Interior (Austria), Minister of the Interior from 2020 to 2021, general secretary of the ÖVP from 2018 to 2020, as well as a member of the National Council (Austria), National Council from 2017 to 2020. Nehammer assumed the chancellorship as the successor of Alexander Schallenberg, who resigned in order to return to the post of Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Austria), Minister of Foreign Affairs. Nehammer announced his resignation as chancellor and ÖVP leader after unsuccessful coalition talks following the 2024 Austrian legislative election, 2024 legislative election. He stepped down as chancellor on 10 January 2025. Early life and education Nehammer grew up in Vienna, where he attended Kalksburg College, Kalksburg Grammar School and subsequently Amerlingstrasse Grammar S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Van Der Bellen
Alexander "Sascha" Van der Bellen (; born 18 January 1944), also referred to by the abbreviation VdB, is an Austrian politician serving as the president of Austria since 2017. He previously served as a professor of economics at the University of Vienna, and after joining politics, as the Spokesperson of the Austrian Green Party, spokesman of the The Greens – The Green Alternative, Austrian Green Party. Van der Bellen was born in Austria to Russians, Russian and Estonians, Estonian parents who were refugees from the Occupation of the Baltic states, occupied Estonia, and he became a naturalized citizen of Austria together with his parents in 1958. He is a descendant of the former Russian Empire's Russian nobility, aristocratic Van der Bellen family of patrilineal Dutch people, Dutch ancestry dating back to the 18th century. He was a member of the National Council (Austria), National Council representing the The Greens – The Green Alternative, Green Party there from 1994 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Republic
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the Executive (government), executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics. Most have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government holding real power and the head of state being a ceremonial position, similar to Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarchies. In some countries the head of state has reserve powers to use at their discretion as a non-partisan "referee" of the political process. Some have combined the roles of head of state and head of government, much like presidential systems, but with a dependency upon Motion of no confidence, parliamentary confidence. In general, parliamentary republics grant the Parliamentary sovereignty , highest sovereign powers to the parliament. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
States Of Austria
Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine federal states. The European Commission calls them provinces. Austrian federal states can pass laws that stay within the limits of the constitution, and each federal state has representatives in the main Austrian parliament. Geography The majority of the land area in the federal states of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna, and Burgenland is situated in the Danube valley and thus consists almost completely of accessible and easily arable terrain. Austria's most densely populated federal state is Vienna, the heart of what is Austria's only metropolitan area. Lower Austria ranks only fourth in population density even though it contains Vienna's suburbs; this is due to large areas of land being predominantly agricultural. The alpine federal state Tyrol, the less alpine but geographically more remote federal state Carinthia, and the non-alpine but near-exclusively agricultural federal state Burgenland are Austria's least densely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CIA World Factbook
''The World Factbook'', also known as the ''CIA World Factbook'', is a reference resource produced by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. The official print version is available from the Government Publishing Office. The ''Factbook'' is available in website and downloadable formats. It provides a two- to three-page summary of the demographics, geography, communications, government, economy, and military of 266 international entities, including U.S.-recognized countries, dependencies, and other areas in the world. ''The World Factbook'' is prepared by the CIA for the use of U.S. government officials, and its style, format, coverage, and content are primarily designed to meet their requirements. It is also frequently used as a resource for academic research papers and news articles. As a work of the U.S. government, it is in the public domain in the United States. Sources In researching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javier Milei
Javier Gerardo Milei (born 22 October 1970) is an Argentine politician and economist who has served as President of Argentina since 2023. Milei also served as a national deputy representing the City of Buenos Aires for the party La Libertad Avanza from 2021 until his resignation in 2023. Born in Buenos Aires, he attended the University of Belgrano, where he obtained a degree in economics, and later obtained two master's degrees from both the Institute of Social and Economic Development and the private Torcuato di Tella University, respectively. Milei later became a professor of macroeconomics. He rose to public prominence in the 2010s by appearing as a pundit in various Argentine television programs, in which he was a vocal critic of the Argentine political establishment. In the 2021 Argentine legislative election, 2021 legislative election, Milei was elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, representing the City of Buenos Aires for La Libertad Avanza. As a National Dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
