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Farrukhzad II
Farrukhzad II was the 28th ruler of Shirvan. He was a son of Akhsitan II who was executed by Hulagu in 1260. Reign No numismatic evidence of his reign exists. He was probably a nominal ruler under Yoshmut, Mongol Viceroy of Arran and Azerbaijan under Hulagu and Abaqa. However, he left an epigraphic evidence dating 1266 with the title "''As-sultan al-azim Abu-l-Fath Farrukhzad ibn Akhsitan ibn Fariburz ibn Garshasf''" in a mosque of Pir Husayn Khanqah. Another epigraphic mention of him was on Bibi-Heybat Mosque The Bibi-Heybat Mosque () is located in the village of Bibiheybət, near Baku, Azerbaijan. The current structure, completed in the 1990s, replicates the original 13th-century mosque built at the behest of Shirvanshah Farrukhzad II Ibn Ahsitan II ... dated 1281. References 1282 deaths Year of birth unknown 13th-century Iranian people {{Iran-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah
Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh ( ), meaning " King of Kings" since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (; ), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent. Etymology The word descends from Old Persian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garshasp I Of Shirvan
Garshasp I () was the Shirvanshah from post-1203 to 1233/34. He was the son and successor of Farrukhzad I (), whom he may have initially co-ruled with. Background Garshasp was a son of Farrukhzad I (). His name is the New Persian form of the Avestan name ''Kərəsāspa'', which likely means "he with meager horses". Reign He ruled during a time in Shirvanshah history that scholarship has referred to "a period of total confusion", due to the lack of written records and contradictory numismatic evidence. Garshasp's reign started sometime after 1203, while recent evidence suggests that Farrukhzad I did not rule beyond 1225. An inscription from a tower in Mardakan mentions both Farrukhzad I and Garshasp, crediting the latter with the construction of the tower. The Armenian-American historian Dickran Kouymjian suggests that they may have ruled in different parts of the kingdom, with Farrukhzad I most likely ruling in Baku, which is close to Mardakan. In 1225, the Khwarazmshah Jal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1282 Deaths
Year 1282 ( MCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * March – Welsh forces under Prince Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, attack and take control of Hawarden Castle. The garrison is massacred and Constable Roger de Clifford is taken prisoner. Llywelyn who has sworn fealty to King Edward I (Longshanks), joins Dafydd in his revolt against the English. Their actions lead to the final English conquest of Wales, by Edward. * March 30 – War of the Sicilian Vespers: A group of Sicilian conspirators begins an uprising against the rule of King Charles I; over the next six weeks, thousands of French are killed. The rebellion forces Charles to abandon the planned crusade against the Byzantines, while still en route to the target city of Constantinople and allows King Peter III (the Great) to take over rule of the island from Charles (which in turn leads to Peter's excommunication by Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirvanshah Akhsitan III
Akhsitan III was the 29th ruler of Shirvan, now part of Azerbaijan. He is thought to be the son of Shirvanshah Farrukhzad II. Life No numismatic source mentions his name. His existence is proposed on the details of a legend in ''Safvat as-safa, a'' work by Ibn Bazzaz who mentions Akhsitan as ruler of Shirvan. According to legend, Shah wanted to marry his daughter to Safavid sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili with a dowry of 14,000 dinar and a water canal, to which Safi al-Din reportedly replied "''How can I reply to that? Shirvanshah is the ruler, and I am just a dervish''". Since Safi-ad-din Ardabili was born in 1252, he couldn't have married a daughter of Akhsitan II, about whom after 1260, there is no details. Therefore, it was proposed that there should be another, a third Akhsitan. According to the legend, seeing Safiaddin's tutor and future father-in-law Zahed Gilani's influence over Shirvani people Akhsitan began to oppose religious Sufi orders, saying religious people are not w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirvanshah Akhsitan II
Jalal ad-din Akhsitan was the 27th Shirvanshah. Reign Zakariya al-Qazwini described him as "ruler of independent region of Shirvan" in his ''Aja'ib al-Makhluqat.'' He accepted overlordship of Mongols as his coins dating 1256 and 1258 mention Möngke Khagan's name. His name was also mentioned on a semi-ruined building dated 1257 located between Nağaraxana and Talışnuru villages of Shamakhi. According to Ibn al-Fuwati, he was executed by the order of Hulagu Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulagu; ; ; ; ( 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. As a son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ar ... in 1260. References 1260 deaths Year of birth unknown 13th-century Iranian people {{Iran-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirvanshah
The Shirvanshahs (Arabic/) were the rulers of Shirvan (in present-day Azerbaijan) from 861 to 1538. The first ruling line were the Yazidids, an originally Arab and later Persianized dynasty, who became known as the Kasranids (also referred to as the Khaqanids). The second ruling line were the Darbandi, distant relatives of the Yazidids/Kasranids. The Shirvanshahs ruled from 861 to 1538, one of the most enduring dynasties of the Islamic world. At times they were independent, often they had to recognize the overlordship of neighbouring empires. The dynasty is known for its patronage of culture, such as during the 12th-century, when their realm served as the focal point for Persian literature, attracting distinguished poets such as Khaqani, Nizami Ganjavi, Falaki Shirvani, etc. In 1382, the Shirvanshah throne was taken by Ibrahim I (), thus marking the start of the Darbandi line. The Shirvanshah realm flourished in the 15th century, during the long reigns of Khalilullah I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibi-Heybat Mosque
The Bibi-Heybat Mosque () is located in the village of Bibiheybət, near Baku, Azerbaijan. The current structure, completed in the 1990s, replicates the original 13th-century mosque built at the behest of Shirvanshah Farrukhzad II Ibn Ahsitan II. The historic mosque was completely destroyed by the Bolsheviks in 1936. It is occasionally called "the Mosque of Fatima", which is how Alexandre Dumas referred to it during his visit in the 1850s. History The mosque was built over the tomb of the daughter of the seventh Shiite Imam - Musa al-Kadhim, who fled to Baku from persecution of Abbasid caliphs. An inscription carved in stone on the tomb indicates that Ukeyma Khanum belonged to the sacred family: "''Here was buried Ukeyma Khanum, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, the granddaughter of the sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, the daughter of the Seventh Imam Musa al-Kadhim, sister of the eighth Imam Ali al-Ridha''". Based on the inscriptions on the south wall of the mosque, historian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the Saint Petersburg metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the List of European cities by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in Europe, the List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea, most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of the Russian Empire, and a Ports of the Baltic Sea, historically strategic port, it is governed as a Federal cities of Russia, federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Academy Of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals. Peter the Great established the academy (then the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences) in 1724 with guidance from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried Leibniz. From its establishment, the academy benefitted from a slate of foreign scholars as professors; the academy then gained its first clear set of goals from the 1747 Charter. The academy functioned as a university and research center throughout the mid-18th century until the university was dissolved, leaving research as the main pillar of the institution. The rest of the 18th century continuing on through the 19th century consisted of many published academic works from Academy scholars and a few Academy name changes, ending as The Imperial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pir Huseyn Khanqah
The Pir Huseyn Khanqah and Mausoleum lies along the left bank of Pirsaat River (Pirsaatçay), 126 kilometers to the southwest of Baku. The inscription plaque over the portal, read by V. Kratchkovskaya in 1952, announces that the khanqah (dervish monastery) was built by Sharaf al-Dawla wal-din Hasan during the reign of the Shirvanshah Afridhun Abul-Muzaffar Fariburz (Fariburz III, 1225–1255). The title gives a later date: "Here lies the sheikh, imam, mystic...Al-Husain, son of 'Ali, known as Pir Husain Rawanan...His tomb was rebuilt by 'Umar, son of Muhammad al-Shirzadi of Qazvin and completed in the year of 684 280 B.C.E." It is likely that the tomb of Pir Husayn bin Ali, an Azeri sheikh of the Qalandari sect who lived in the 11th century, existed on this site before a formal khanqah was built around it in the 13th century. Built out of cut-stone, the roughly rectangular complex was centered on an open courtyard fortified with ramparts, similar to a ribat. The crenellated ramp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fariburz III
Fariburz III () was the Shirvanshah from to 1255. He ruled during a time in Shirvanshah history that scholarship has referred to "a period of total confusion", due to the lack of written records and contradictory numismatic evidence. Reign Based on numismatic evidence, it was initially suggested that Fariburz III's father Garshasp I did not rule after 1225. However, new evidence suggests that Garshasp I's reign was longer. The numismatist Blau discovered a unique coin with the name of Garshasp I, and which mentions the Abbasid caliph al-Mustansir I, who ruled from 1226 to 1242. Moreover, a newly found inscription from another tower in Mardakan suggests that Garshasp I was still living by 1233/34, and perhaps also still ruling. This new evidence suggests that Garshasp I ruled jointly with his son Fariburz III. Fariburz may have ruled an area outside the capital until his father's death. Another theory is that Fariburz was given control over the central government by Garshasp I, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirvan
Shirvan (from ; ; Tat: ''Şirvan'') is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain. History Etymology Vladimir Minorsky believes that names such as Sharvān (Shirwān), Lāyzān and Baylaqān are Iranian names from the Iranian languages of the coast of the Caspian Sea. There are several explanations about this name: * Shirvan or Sharvan are corrupted forms of the word "Shahrbān" () which means "the governor". The word "Shahrban" has been used since Achaemenian Dynasty as "Xshathrapawn" (satrap) to refer to different states of the kingdom. * Shervan in Persian means cypress tree (the same as 'sarv' in Middle Persian and in New Persian, as well as in ArabicDehkhoda dictionary). It is also used as a male n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
