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Far Eastern Army
The Far Eastern Army was a military formation of Cossack and White rebel units in the Far East (20 February 1920 – 12 September 1921), formed by the former ataman of the Trans–Baikal Cossack Army, Lieutenant General Grigory Semyonov from three corps of the Eastern Front, under whose command it took an active participation in battles with the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic and red partisans in Transbaikalia from April to October 1920, creating the so–called " Chita Plug". Reached its maximum number in the fall of 1920 – 29 thousand people. In November 1920, the Far Eastern Army relocated to Primorye, where it continued to fight until November 1922. Creation In January 1920, units of the 2nd and 3rd Armies of Kolchak and Kappel made their way to Transbaikalia during the Siberian Ice Campaign. In February 1920, these units were combined with the 6th East Siberian Corps of Ataman Grigory Semyonov into the Armed Forces of the Russian Eastern Outsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Army
The White Army (russian: Белая армия, Belaya armiya) or White Guard (russian: Бѣлая гвардія/Белая гвардия, Belaya gvardiya, label=none), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (russian: Бѣлогвардейцы/Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi, label=none), was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Soviet governments during the Russian Civil War. They fought against the Red Army of the Bolsheviks. When it was created, the structure of the Russian Army of the Provisional Government period was used, while almost every individual formation had its own characteristics. The military art of the White Army was based on the experience of the First World War, which, however, left a strong imprint on the specifics of the Civil War. History The name "White" is associated with white symbols of the supporters of the pre-revolutionary order, dating back to the time of the French Revolution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asiatic Cavalry Division
The Asiatic Cavalry Division () was a White Army cavalry division during the Russian Civil War. The division was composed of Russians, Buryats, Tatars, Bashkirs, Mongols of different tribes, Chinese, Manchu, Polish exiles and many others. Formation The division was formed in Transbaikal by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg on 28 May 1919. It consisted of the remnants from the White Army's disbanded Native Horse Corps. It was 8,000-man strong. History Since 18 March 1920, it was directly subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of all the Russian Eastern Regions' armed forces, Ataman Semenov, and from 21 May 1920, in the Far Eastern Army. After Kolchak's defeat at the hands of the Red Army and the subsequent decision of Japan to withdraw its expeditionary troops from the Transbaikal, Semyonov, unable to withstand the pressure of Bolshevik forces, planned a retreat to Manchuria. Ungern, however, saw it as an opportunity to implement his monarchist plan. On 7 August 1920, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktorin Molchanov
Viktorin Mikhailovich Molchanov (russian: Викторин Михайлович Молчанов) (January 11, 1886 in Chistopol, Governorate of Kazan – January 10, 1975 in San Francisco) was a Russian Major-General and a participant in the White movement. Biography Molchanov was born in 1886 to parents who were members of the minor Russian nobility. His father was the head of the local post office. Viktorin Molchanov graduated from the Elabuga Comprehensive School and Alexey's Military Institute in Moscow in 1906. After graduation, he first served in the Second Caucasus Engineering Battalion in Tbilisi. In 1909 Molchanov transferred to the Russian Far East, serving in Primorsky Krai. He fought in World War I as the captain of a field engineer company in the Third Siberian Division stationed in Poland. After he finished his tour, he returned to the Urals in time for the start of the Russian Revolution, in which he fought against the Bolsheviks. During the Revolution, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Innokenty Smolin
Saint Innocent of Alaska (August 26, 1797 – March 31, 1879, O.S.), also known as Saint Innocent Metropolitan of Moscow (Russian: Святитель Иннокентий Митрополит Московский) was a Russian Orthodox missionary priest, then the first Orthodox bishop and archbishop in the Americas, and finally the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia. Remembered for his missionary work, scholarship, and leadership in Alaska and the Russian Far East during the 19th century, he is known for his abilities as a scholar, linguist, and administrator, as well as his great zeal for his work. As a missionary priest he took his wife and family with him. In these territories he learned several languages and dialects of the indigenous peoples. He wrote many of the earliest scholarly works about the native peoples of Alaska, including dictionaries and grammars for their languages for which he devised writing systems; also, he wrote religious works in, and translate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgy Matsievsky
Georgy Evgenievich Matsievsky (russian: Мациевский Георгий Евгеньевич) (10 December 1880 − 23 November 1941, Harbin) was a Baikal Cossack, active participant of the White movement in Transbaikal, Lieutenant-General (1919). He was a son of Evgeniy Matsievsky. Georgy Matsievsky was graduated from the 3rd Moscow Cadet Corps and the Cavalry Institution in 1903. He volunteered as a private Cossack in the 3rd Verkhneudinsk regiment which participated in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion. Georgy Matsievsky was awarded with the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree for his bravery during the siege of Wang Gun. From 1903 to 1917 Georgy Matsievsky served as an officer in the 1st Verkhneudinsk regiment. He took part in the Russo-Japanese War and in May 1904 Georgy Matsievsky was awarded with the Order of St. Anna of the 4th class when he together with 12 Cossacks broke through from besieged Port Arthur and delivered an important missive to the head of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigory Verzhbitsky
Grigory Afanasyevich Verjbitsky (russian: Григорий Афанасьевич Вержбицкий) (born January 25, 1875, Letychiv, Podolia Governorate — died December 20, 1942 Tianjin, China) was one of the leaders of the White movement in Transbaikal and Primoriye during the Russian Civil War, Lieutenant-General (1918). Verjbitsky was graduated from the Odessa Infantry Engineering School in 1897. He was a participant of the Russo-Japanese War and World War I and he became a colonel in 1915. Verjbitsky joined the Omsk Provisional Government of Admiral Kolchak and was appointed as a commander of the 3rd Steppe Siberian Corps becoming Lieutenant-General. After the defeat of Admiral Kolchak's armies in the Ural and Western Siberia, Verzhbitsky took part in the Great Siberian Ice march. After arrival at Chita, Ataman Grigory Semyonov trusted into his hands the 2nd Separate Rifle Corps of the Far Eastern Army from February to August 23, 1920. Verjbitsky escaped to Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional Priamurye Government
The Provisional Priamurye Government or Provisional Priamur Government (russian: Приамурский земский край) existed in the region of Priamurye of the Russian Far East between May 27, 1921 and June 16, 1923. It was the last Russian State enclave during the Russian Civil War. History The government had its origin in a 1921 White Army coup in Vladivostok and its environs. The coup aimed for the Priamurye region to break away from the Far Eastern Republic and to survive behind a ''cordon sanitaire'' of Japanese troops involved in the Siberian Intervention. The coup was started on May 23, 1921 by the ''Kappelevtsy'', the remnants of Vladimir Kappel's People's Army of Komuch. The government was headed by the Merkulov brothers: , a former functionary of the Ministry of Agriculture and head of the Priamurye government; and , a merchant. Both had been deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Empire and supporters of the 1917 Russian Provisional Governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ussuriysk
Ussuriysk (russian: Уссури́йск) is a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located in the fertile valley of the Razdolnaya River, north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai, and about from both the China–Russia border and the Pacific Ocean. Population: It was previously known as ''Nikolskoye'' (until 1898), ''Nikolsk-Ussuriysky'' (until 1935), ''Voroshilov'' (until 1957). History Medieval history The area of what now is Ussuriysk was settled by Yulou Mohe tribes. From the mid-9th century, it became Solbin-bu of the Balhae Kingdom. It is then populated by the Dōnghǎi Jurchens, under control of Liao dynasty. The city then become capital of Jīn Dynasty's Sùpín circuit (速頻路). Then it went under control of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively and known as (). Modern era In 1866, the settlement of Nikolskoye () was founded on the area of today's Ussuriysk, named after Saint Nicholas. Due to its advantageous geographic location at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai
Pogranichny (russian: Пограни́чный) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Pogranichny District of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located east of the China–Russia border and northwest of Vladivostok. Population: History In 1898 Orenburg Cossacks from the first Host district founded the Grodekovo () railway station, named after , Governor General of Priamurye (in office: 1898–1902). The settlement received its present name, "Pogranichny" – which means "border (town)" – in 1958. Cross-border rail traffic The railway station in Pogranichny (still called ''Grodekovo'' for railway purposes) is the first one east of the Sino-Russian border on the Harbin–Ussuriysk (for Vladivostok) branch of the former Chinese Eastern Railway, the "Trans Manchurian Line". There are currently (December 2013) no through passenger trains between Harbin and Ussuriysk; however, two local trains daily in each direction connect Suifenhe (the last ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (, russian: Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or , ''Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga'' or ''KVZhD''), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (also known as Manchuria). The Russian Empire constructed the line from 1897 to 1902 using a concession from the Qing dynasty government of Imperial China. The system linked Chita with Vladivostok in the Russian Far East and with Port Arthur, then an Imperial Russian leased ice-free port. The T-shaped line consisted of three branches: * the western branch, now the Harbin–Manzhouli Railway * the eastern branch, now the Harbin–Suifenhe Railway * the southern branch, now part of the Beijing–Harbin Railway which intersected in Harbin. Saint Petersburg administered the railway and the concession, known as the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone, from the city of Harbin, which grew into a major rail-hub. The southern branch of the CER ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Lokhvitsky
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lokhvitsky (russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Ло́хвицкий; 7 October 1868 – 5 November 1933) was a general in the Russian Expeditionary Force in France. Family background He came from an aristocratic family near Saint Petersburg. He was the son of a barrister, Alexander V. Lokhvitsky (1830–1884). The poet, Mirra Lokhvitskaya, was his sister whose brief career ended in 1907.Teffi, another sister was also a writer who despite initially supporting the Bolshevik seizure of power, left for exile in Paris where she became a prominent writer in the white émigré community in France. Army career He joined the 4th Moscow Cadet Corps on 9 January 1887. Lokhvitsky took command of the First brigade of the REF leaving Moscow on 2 February 1916. They travelled by train across Siberia to the port of Dal'ny. Here they sailed on four ships via the Suez Canal to Marseilles, arriving in April 1916. They were billeted at the training ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amur Front
The Amur Front of the Far Eastern Republic (russian: Амурский фронт ДВР) was a front of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic during the Russian Civil War in Transbaikal. It was created on April 22, 1920, on base of the partisan formations of the Eastern Transbaikal Front. Its operative area consisted of the following towns: Nerchinsk, Nerchinsky Zavod, Sretensk, Blagoveshchensk, Onon, and Khabarovsk. The Amur Front's headquarters was in Blagoveshchensk. The Amur Front's Makeup * 1st Transbaikal Cavalry Corps then Division ( Korotayev Yakov) * 1st Amur Infantry Division * 2nd Amur Infantry Division * 1st Amur Cavalry Brigade The Amur Front's achievements The troops of the Front repelled successfully the 1920 spring attack of Grigory Semyonov's White Cossacks and the Japanese Expeditionary Corps. The objectives of the attack were an attempt of creating the "Black Buffer" from Chita to Primorye and prevention of establishment of the Far ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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