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Falcontoxodon
''Falcontoxodon'' is an extinct genus of toxodontid notoungulate that lived from the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene in what is now Venezuela. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Chapadmalalan-Uquian Codore Formation, as well as in the more recent Ensenadan San Gregorio Formation. Description The genus ''Falcontoxodon'' was described in 2018 by Carrillo ''et al'' with AMU-CURS 765, an almost complete skull with a well-preserved dentition found in the Algodones Member of the Codore Formation. In the same article, two other specimens assigned to ''Falcontoxodon'' were described from the Vergel Member of the San Gregorio Formation, assigned respectively to ''Falcontoxodon'' aff. ''aguilerai'' and ''Falcontoxodon'' sp. In 2021, an analysis of the San Gregorio Formation by Carrillo-Briceño ''et al'' uncovered thirty-three additional remains, mostly teeth, that were assigned to the genus. The name of the genus, ''Falcontoxodon'', refers to its relative, ''Toxodon'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piauhytherium
''Piauhytherium'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous notoungulate mammal of the family Toxodontidae. It lived during the Late Pleistocene; fossils have been found in Brazil. The only known species is ''Piauhytherium capivarae''.Guérin, Claude, and Martine Faure. "Un nouveau Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) du Pléistocène supérieur du Nordeste du Brésil." ''Geodiversitas'' 35.1 (2013): 155-205. Description This animal in general terms resembles a hippopotamus, with a big short snout, a massive body and a large head. The skull measured almost in length, which indicates that ''Piauhytherium'' could be as big as a modern black rhinoceros. With regard to its nearest relatives, such as ''Toxodon'', this animal's legs were shorter and thicker, in addition, certain differences in the denture distinguish it from other notoungulates of this period. Classification ''Piauhytherium capivarae'' was described for the first time in 2013, based on a complete skull including a jaw a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxodontinae
Toxodontidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals, known from the Oligocene to the Holocene (11,000 BP) of South America, with one genus, ''Mixotoxodon'', also known from the Pleistocene of Central America and southern North America (as far north as Texas). Member of the family were medium to large-sized, ranging from around in ''Nesodon'' to in ''Toxodon'', and had medium to high-crowned dentition, which in derived members of the group evolved into ever-growing cheek teeth. Isotopic analyses have led to the conclusion that Pleistocene members of the family were flexible mixed feeders (both browsing and grazing). Taxonomy The endemic notoungulate and litoptern ungulates of South America have been shown by studies of collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequences to be a sister group to the perissodactyl Perissodactyla (, ), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of Ungulate, ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three Family (biology), familie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nesodontinae
Toxodontidae is an extinct Family (biology), family of Notoungulata, notoungulate mammals, known from the Oligocene to the Holocene (11,000 BP) of South America, with one genus, ''Mixotoxodon'', also known from the Pleistocene of Central America and southern North America (as far north as Texas). Member of the family were medium to large-sized, ranging from around in ''Nesodon'' to in ''Toxodon'', and had medium to high-crowned dentition, which in derived members of the group evolved into ever-growing cheek teeth. Isotopic analyses have led to the conclusion that Pleistocene members of the family were flexible mixed feeders (both Browsing (herbivory), browsing and Grazing (behaviour), grazing). Taxonomy The endemic notoungulate and litoptern ungulates of South America have been shown by studies of collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequences to be a sister group to the perissodactyls. In 2014, a study identifying a new species of toxodontid resolved the families' phylogenetic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxodontidae
Toxodontidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals, known from the Oligocene to the Holocene (11,000 BP) of South America, with one genus, '' Mixotoxodon'', also known from the Pleistocene of Central America and southern North America (as far north as Texas). Member of the family were medium to large-sized, ranging from around in '' Nesodon'' to in '' Toxodon'', and had medium to high-crowned dentition, which in derived members of the group evolved into ever-growing cheek teeth. Isotopic analyses have led to the conclusion that Pleistocene members of the family were flexible mixed feeders (both browsing and grazing). Taxonomy The endemic notoungulate and litoptern ungulates of South America have been shown by studies of collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequences to be a sister group to the perissodactyl Perissodactyla (, ), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of Ungulate, ungulates. The order includes about 17 living species divided into three Family (biology), fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Gregorio Formation, Venezuela
The San Gregorio Formation is a stratigraphic unit#Lithostratigraphic units, lithostratigraphic unit dating back to the Pliocene to Pleistocene of Venezuela. The geological formation, formation is split into three members, the older Vergel Member (Late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene), the Cocuiza Member (Pleistocene) and the Río Seco Member. During this time the region is thought to have been covered by a mixed environment of open grassland and forested areas surrounding a permanent freshwater system. The diverse fauna of the San Gregorio Formation, including a variety of freshwater fish, crocodilians, turtles and snakes, also includes many mammals interpreted to have been part of the first major wave of the Great American Interchange in addition to native clades such as glyptodonts, ground sloths and Caviomorpha, caviomorph rodents. Stratigraphy The San Gregorio Formation overlies the Codore Formation and forms the most recent sequence of the stratigraphic section. Outcrops of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrinodon
''Gyrinodon'' is an extinct genus of toxodontid notoungulate that lived from the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene in what is now Brazil and Colombia. Description This animal was approximately the size of a modern rhinoceros, and they were similar in build as in appearance. Like most of its close relatives, ''Gyrinodons size was substantially larger than any other mammal in its habitat. The frontal region of the skull passed softly into the anterior portion of the temporal fossa. The postorbital processes were reduced. Unlike some of its relatives, neither the upper edge of the orbit nor the roof of the nasal cavity were swollen. The lateral upper incisors were curved, and formed an arch of 180° or more. The first two upper molars had a small metaloph, while the third molar had a long and concave ectoloph, but was devoid of metaloph. The symphysis of the mandible did not exceed the second lower molar. The third lower molar lacked a second posterior crease in the enamel of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tusk
Tusks are elongated, continuously growing front teeth that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canine tooth, canine teeth, as with Narwhal, narwhals, chevrotains, musk deer, water deer, muntjac, pigs, peccary, peccaries, hippopotamuses and walruses, or, in the case of elephants, elongated incisors. Tusks share common features such as extra-oral position, growth pattern, composition and structure, and lack of contribution to ingestion. Tusks are thought to have adapted to the extra-oral environments, like dry or aquatic or arctic. In most tusked species both the males and the females have tusks although the males' are larger. Most mammals with tusks have a pair of them growing out from either side of the mouth. Tusks are generally curved and have a smooth, continuous surface. The male narwhal's straight single Helix, helical tusk, which usually grows out from the left of the mouth, is an exception to the typical features of tusks describ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adinotherium
''Adinotherium'' (meaning "not terrible beast")Palmer (1904) p. 80. is an extinct genus of toxodontid, large bodied hoofed ungulates which inhabited South America during the Middle to Late Miocene, from 17.5 to 6.8 Ma and existed for approximately , Santacrucian to Huayquerian in the South American land mammal ages (SALMA). Fossils of ''Adinotherium'' have been found in the Santa Cruz and Ituzaingó Formations of Argentina and the Chucal and Río Frías Formations of Chile.''Adinotherium'' at .org Description The approximately long animal, with an estimated body mass, looked like a smaller version of its |
Proadinotherium
''Proadinotherium'' is an extinct genus of Toxodontidae, toxodontid. It lived between the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene in what is now South America. Description This genus is only known from very partial remains. From the comparison with its relatives ''Adinotherium'' and ''Nesodon'', it is supposed that ''Adinotherium'' was an herbivorous animal the size of a sheep, with an elongated body and rather short legs ; it was probably more slender-built than the two latter forms. The legs, in particular, had more delicate and slender bones than those of ''Adinotherium'' and ''Nesodon''. ''Proadinotherium'' was characterized by its teeth with a lower crown, less hypsodont than those of ''Adinotherium'', but evocating more derived toxodontids. Its dentition was complete with a complex structure, and the development of a crest on the molars. Classification ''Proadinotherium'' is considered to be the most basal and oldest member of the Toxodontidae, the most specialized group of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchippus
''Rhynchippus'' ("beaked horse") is an extinct genus of notoungulate mammals from the Late Oligocene (Deseadan in the SALMA classification) of South America. The genus was first described by Florentino Ameghino in 1897 and the type species is ''R. equinus'', with lectotype MACN A 52–31. Fossils of ''Rhynchippus'' have been found in the Agua de la Piedra and Sarmiento Formations of Argentina, the Salla and Petaca Formations of Bolivia, the Tremembé Formation of Brazil,''Rhynchippus'' at .org and the Moquegua Formation of |
Scarrittia
''Scarrittia'' is an extinct genus of hoofed mammal of the family Leontiniidae, native to South America during the Late Oligocene epoch (Deseadan in the SALMA classification). Description ''Scarrittia'' was about in body length, and resembled a rhinoceros with a relatively long body and neck. It had three hoofed toes on each foot, and a very short tail. Due to a fused tibia and fibula, ''Scarrittia'' would have been unable to turn its legs sideways. The short skull had 44 poorly specialized teeth. Natural history This was a very successful genus with various known species, such as ''Scarrittia robusta'', ''S. barranquensis'' and ''S. canquelensis'', which lived around 30 million years ago. They lived in moist forest, near the coast, in wetlands, lakes, swamps, etc. and they ate soft vegetation, grasses, fruits and trees. Some species were omnivorous, eating also eggs and small mammals. They were not adapted for running, though their large size meant they had few enemies. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leontinia
''Leontinia'' is an extinct genus of Leontiniidae, leontiniid Notoungulata, notoungulate. Fossils have been found in the Deseado Formation, Deseado and Sarmiento Formations in Argentina and Trembembé Formation of Brazil, and are the most abundant remains of any animal found there. The genus dates back to the Oligocene, Late Oligocene, Deseadan in the South American land mammal age, SALMA classification.''Leontinia'' at Fossilworks.org Description 
In ''Leontinia'', the first incisors of the upper jaw are small cropping teeth, while the second are elongated and form caniniform tushes. In the lower jaw ...
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