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Fakafifine
Fakafifine are people from Niue, who were born assigned male at birth but who have a feminine gender expression. In Niue this is understood as a third gender, culturally specific to the country. Etymology The term comes from Niuean and is composed of the prefix ''faka-'' (in the manner of) and the suffix -''fifine'' (woman) and is defined in ''Niue Language Dictionary'' as 'to behave like a woman' or 'to be effeminate'. A related term is ''fakataane'' which means 'to behave like a man'. Fakafifine is included in the acronym MVPFAFF+ ( mahu, vakasalewalewa, palopa, fa'afafine, akava'ine Akava'ine is a Cook Islands Māori word which has come, since the 2000s, to refer to transgender people of Māori descent from the Cook Islands. It may be an old custom but has a contemporary identity influenced by other Polynesians, through cros ..., fakaleiti or leiti, fakafifine, and other), coined by Phylesha Brown-Acton, to "enhance Pasifika gender diversity awareness in addition to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylesha Brown-Acton
Phylesha Brown-Acton (born February 1976) is a Niuean fakafifine LGBTQ+ rights activist. In 2019 she was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit in recognition of her work with LGBTQ+ communities from Pacific countries. Biography Brown-Acton was born in February 1976 in Niue. Her mother was from Niue and her father from Australia. She has seven siblings. Assigned male at birth, she knew from the age of four that she identified as a girl. At school, Brown-Acton was bullied by both students and teachers; at home her father was violent. Due to her complex home life, she was raised by her great-aunt - her grandfather's sister. When she was fifteen years old she socially transitioned and began to receive hormonal therapy in her 20s. In her first career Brown-Acton was a dancer, performing internationally, including at the Venice Biennale. In 2006 she began work for the Pacific Peoples Project at the New Zealand AIDS Foundation as project coordinator; in 2009 she man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Gender
Third gender is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves or by society, as neither man nor woman. It is also a social category present in societies that recognize three or more genders. The term ''third'' is usually understood to mean "other", though some anthropologists and sociologists have described fourth and fifthGraham, Sharyn (2001)Sulawesi's fifth gender Inside Indonesia, April–June 2001. genders. The state of personally identifying as, or being identified by society as, a man, a woman, or other, is usually also defined by the individual's gender identity and gender role in the particular culture in which they live. Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders ( boys/men and girls/women).Kevin L. Nadal, ''The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender'' (2017, ), page 401: "Most cultures currently construct their societies based on the understanding of gender binary—the two gender categorizations (male and female). Such so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niuean Culture
Niuean pertains to anything of, from or related to Niue, an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. * A person from Niue, or of Niuean descent. (See Demographics of Niue) * The Niuean language Niuean (; ) is a Polynesian language, belonging to the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian languages. It is most closely related to Tongan and slightly more distantly to other Polynesian languages such as Māori, Samoan, and Ha ... * Niuean cuisine See also * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Systems
Gender systems are the social structures that establish the number of genders and their associated gender roles in every society. A ''gender role'' is "everything that a person says and does to indicate to others or to the self the degree that one is either male, female, or androgynous. This includes but is not limited to sexual and erotic arousal and response."Nanda, Serena. Neither Man nor Woman: the Hijras of India. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub., 1990. Print. Gender identity is one's own personal experience with gender role and the persistence of one's individuality as male, female, or androgynous, especially in self-awareness and behavior. A gender binary is one example of a gender system. Gender binary Gender binary is the classification of sex and gender into two distinct, opposite, and disconnected forms of masculine and feminine. Gender binary is one general type of a gender system. Sometimes in this binary model, "sex", "gender" and "sexuality" are assumed by default t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender In Oceania
Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other ( boys/men and girls/women);Kevin L. Nadal, ''The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender'' (2017, ), page 401: "Most cultures currently construct their societies based on the understanding of gender binary—the two gender categorizations (male and female). Such societies divide their population based on biological sex assigned to individuals at birth to begin the process of gender socialization." those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term ''non-binary''. Some societies have specific genders besides "man" and "woman", such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as ''third gende ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fakaleitī
A fakaleitī (or ''leiti'' or ''fakafefine'' or ''lady'') is a Tongan individual assigned male at birth who has a feminine gender expression. The term ''fakaleitī'' is made up of the prefix ''faka-'' (in the manner of) and the borrowing ''lady'' from English. ''Fakaleitī''s themselves prefer to call themselves ''leitī'' or ''ladies''. Although leitī in Tonga do not necessarily associate with LGBT identities in the Western world, those who grow up in Tongan migrant communities in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States may find a greater level of community and affinity to similar identities than leitī in the island kingdom. Leitī or fakafefine are similar to Samoan fa'afafine and Hawaiian māhū. The Tonga Leitis' Association organizes the Miss Galaxy Pageant in Tonga. They have also been involved in reforming colonially influenced laws about leitī life that remain in Tonga. In 2018 a documentary film, '' Leitis in Waiting'', was made about leitī leader Joey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akava'ine
Akava'ine is a Cook Islands Māori word which has come, since the 2000s, to refer to transgender people of Māori descent from the Cook Islands. It may be an old custom but has a contemporary identity influenced by other Polynesians, through cross-cultural interaction of Polynesians living in New Zealand, especially the Samoans, Samoan ''fa'afafine'', Third Gender people who hold a special place in Samoan society. Terms and etymology According to the Cook Islands Maori dictionary (1995) 'akava'ine is the prefix ''aka'' ("to be or to behave like") and ''va'ine'' ("woman"), or simply, "to behave as a woman". (Antonym: ''akatāne'' ("act manly, or tomboyishly").) The New Zealand Māori people, Māori word ''Whakawahine'' has a parallel meaning, and the Samoans, Samoan word fa'afafine and the Malagasy language, Malagasy word sarambavy. According to Alexeyeff, ''Akava'ine'' is a Cook Islands Māori word for women who have an inflated opinion of themselves, draw attention to themselv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palopa
Palopa is a term used in Papua New Guinea and the diaspora as a non-heteronormative term for people may identify in Western nomenclature as either gay, transsexual or having a third gender role. LGBTQ+ activist Clint Woolly has described how Western terminology is stigmatised by many in Papua New Guinea, and that indigenous descriptors, such as palopa, should be adopted and adapted. For the Sambian people, the phrase kwolu-aatmwol describes a third gender identity. Terminology is also borrowed from other Pacific communities, for example the term 'sister-girl' from Torres Strait Islanders. Etymology The phrase comes from Tok Pisin Tok Pisin (,Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh ; Tok Pisin ), often referred to by English speakers as "New Guinea Pidgin" or simply Pidgin, is a creole language spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an .... It is reportedly a contraction of the name of the singer Jennifer Lopez. References {{Sexual i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-spirit
Two-spirit (also two spirit, 2S or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, , umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe Native people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial and social role in their cultures. The term ''Two Spirit'' (original form chosen) was created in 1990 at the Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering in Winnipeg, and "specifically chosen to distinguish and distance Native American/First Nations people from non-Native peoples". The primary purpose of coining a new term was to encourage the replacement of the outdated and considered offensive, anthropological term, '' berdache''. This new term has not been universally accepted, having been criticized as a term of erasure by traditional communities who already have their own terms for the people being grouped under this new term, and by those who reject what they call the "Western" binary implications, such as impl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
