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FROLINAT
FROLINAT (; ) was an insurgent rebel group active in Chad between 1966 and 1993. Origins The organization was the result of the political union between the leftist Chadian National Union (UNT), led by Ibrahim Abatcha, and the General Union of the Sons of Chad (''Union Générale des Fils du Tchad'' or UGFT), led by Ahmed Hassan Musa. An Islamist, Musa was close to the Muslim Brotherhood. The UGFT remained autonomous within the new group under the banner of the Liberation Front of Chad (FLT). The union and group flag was agreed upon at the Nyala Congress in Sudan between June 19 and June 22, 1966. Abatcha was proclaimed Secretary-General, while another cadre of the UNT, Abou Bakar Djalabou, was designated to lead the delegation that would represent the movement abroad. A committee was also selected at the congress, composed of thirty members taken equally from the UNT and the FLT. The front was composed exclusively by Muslim northerners, and there was to be no attempt to c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)
The Chadian Civil War of 1965–1979 () was waged by several rebel factions against two Chadian governments. The initial rebellion erupted in opposition to Chadian President François Tombalbaye, whose regime was marked by authoritarianism, extreme corruption, and favoritism. In 1975 Tombalbaye was murdered by his own army, and a military government headed by Félix Malloum emerged and continued the war against the insurgents. Following foreign interventions by Libya and France, the fracturing of the rebels into rival factions, and an escalation of the fighting, Malloum stepped down in March 1979. This paved the way for a new national government, known as " Transitional Government of National Unity" (GUNT). Following the rise of GUNT, a new phase of civil war and international conflict broke out in Chad. Background Political situation in Chad Chad gained independence from France in August 1960. The state was left with minimal infrastructure; there were no paved roads or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Abatcha
Ibrahim Abatcha (1938 – February 11, 1968) was a Chadian revolutionary and political leader who played a key role in the early stages of armed resistance against the government of Chad. Abatcha was a Marxist–Leninist activist. His political activity started during the decolonization process of Chad from France, but after the country's independence he was forced to go into exile. While in exile, he was one of the founders of the Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad (FROLINAT), an organization established in 1966 to oppose the rule of President François Tombalbaye. Abatcha was Influenced by socialist and anti-colonial movements. He sought to unite various opposition factions in Chad to fight against perceived government corruption, ethnic discrimination, and neocolonial influence. Under his leadership, FROLINAT launched guerrilla operations against government forces, marking the beginning of a prolonged insurgency in Chad. Abatcha was killed in combat in 1968, but his i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abba Siddick
Abba Siddick (December 25, 1924 – December 1, 2017) was a Chadian politician and revolutionary. He entered active politics in the Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), a nationalist and radical African political party founded in 1947 and led by Gabriel Lisette. By 1958, he had left the PPT to form with others the Chadian National Union (UNT), a Muslim progressive party, but he turned quite early to the PPT and, after the independence of Chad, was minister of Education of the President François Tombalbaye. However the President's discrimination against Muslims in Chad brought him to become a member of the rebel insurgent group FROLINAT, formed in 1966 to oppose the rule of Tombalbaye. After the death of the organization's first secretary-general in 1968, a vicious battle for leadership ensued, which terminated with the victory of Siddick in 1969, even though he was perceived as an Anti-Arab and suspected of being a moderate leftist and not having any revolutionary apprenticeship. He m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré (Arabic: ''Ḥusaīn Ḥabrī'', Chadian Arabic: ; ; 13 August 1942 – 24 August 2021), also spelled Hissen Habré, was a Chadian politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 5th president of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990. A Muslim from northern Chad, Habré joined FROLINAT rebels in the first Chadian Civil War against the southern-dominated Chadian government. Due to a rift with fellow rebel commander Goukouni Oueddei, Habré and his Armed Forces of the North rebel army briefly defected to Felix Malloum's government against Oueddei before turning against Malloum, who resigned in 1979. Habré was then given the position of Minister of Defense under Chad's new transitional coalition government, with Oueddei as President. Their alliance quickly collapsed, and Habré's forces overthrew Oueddei in 1982. Having become the country's new president, Habré created the National Union for Independence and Revolution (UNIR) as the cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberation Front Of Chad
The Liberation Front of Chad (''Front de Libération du Tchad'' or FLT) was an insurgent group active between 1965 and 1976 during the first phase of the Chadian Civil War. It was founded in Sudan by Ahmed Hassan Musa, an Islamic fundamentalist close to the Muslim Brotherhood who was leader of the General Union of the Children of Chad (''Union Générale des Fils du Tchad'' or UGFT), an Islamic traditionalist party composed of exiles in Sudan, whose adherents were always recruited mostly among Ouaddaians. On September 7, Mussa with his UGFT followers created the Liberation Front of Chad (FLT), the first insurgent group formed to fight the Tombalbaye Regime; that the times were ready for an insurgent group was fully understood a month later, when the Mangalmé riots started the civil war. The next year the FLT united with Ibrahim Abatcha's Chadian National Union (UNT) at the Congress of Nyala in Sudan between June 19 and 22. The new organization created was called National Libe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goukouni Oueddei
Goukouni Oueddei ( '; born 1944) is a Chadian politician who served as President of Chad from 1979 to 1982. A northerner, Goukouni commanded FROLINAT rebels with Libyan support during the first Chadian Civil War against Chad's southern-dominated government. Upon the rebel victory and the resignation of President Felix Malloum in 1979, he became the new president of Chad's new transitional coalition government by the terms of the Lagos Accord, with rival fellow rebel commander Hissène Habré as defense minister. Goukouni pursued a pro-Libya policy; continued differences with Habré, who opposed Libya, led to him being overthrown by Habré's forces in 1982. He then became the foremost opponent to Habré's new government, and fought against him during the Libyan-Chadian conflict as a Libyan-backed rebel leader. In 1985, due to a supposed rift with his Libyan allies, he went into exile. Biography Goukouni is from the northern half of the country and is the son of Oueddei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independence Of Chad
Chad (; ), officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa". Prehistory The territory now known as Chad possesses some of the richest archaeological sites in Africa. A hominid skull was found by Michel Brunet, that is more than 7 million years old, the oldest discovered anywhere in the world; it has been given the name ''Sahelanthropus tchadensis''. In 1996 Brunet unearthed a hominid jaw, which he named ''Australopithecus bahrelghazali'', unofficially dubbed Abel. It was dated using beryllium-based radiometric dating as living 3.6 million years ago. During the 7th millennium BC, the northern half of Chad was part of a broad expanse of land, stretching from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chadian National Union
The Chadian National Union (, UNT) was a radical Muslim political party in Chad. History The party was founded in 1958 by Issa Dana, Mahamut Outman and Abba Siddick. Created to lobby the "no" vote to the referendum on Chad's entry in the French Community, the party advocated drastic political reforms, to be achieved if necessary through violence. The party was banned in 1962 when President François Tombalbaye proclaimed the Chadian Progressive Party the sole legal party. It survived as a clandestine organization under the leadership of Ibrahim Abatcha Ibrahim Abatcha (1938 – February 11, 1968) was a Chadian revolutionary and political leader who played a key role in the early stages of armed resistance against the government of Chad. Abatcha was a Marxist–Leninist activist. His political .... In 1966 the party merged with the General Union of the Children of Chad to form the National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Hassan Musa
Ahmed Hassan Musa (died 1979) was a Chadian insurgent who participated to the first phase of the Chadian Civil War. An Islamic fundamentalist close to the Muslim Brotherhood, he was head of the General Union of the Children of Chad (''Union Générale des Fils du Tchad'' or UGFT), an Islamic political party formed by Chadian exiles in Sudan. Because of the authoritarian and anti-Muslim policies of the President François Tombalbaye, he lived in exile in Sudan when the explosion of bloody riots in the Guéra Prefecture in 1965 opened him new chances. For this reason, he formed in his country of exile on September 7, 1965, the Liberation Front of Chad, the first insurgent group formed against Tombalbaye. A small group, at the Congress of Nyala Musa and his FLT united in 1966 with the Chadian National Union (UNT) of Ibrahim Abatcha to form the powerful National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT). Musa soon resumed his autonomy and with his wing of the FLT operated on the Chad-Sud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chad
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central African Republic to Central African Republic–Chad border, the south, Cameroon to Cameroon–Chad border, the southwest, Nigeria to Chad–Nigeria border, the southwest (at Lake Chad), and Niger to Chad–Niger border, the west. Chad has a population of 19 million, of which 1.6 million live in the Capital city, capital and largest city of N'Djamena. With a total area of around , Chad is the fifth-largest country in Africa and the List of countries and dependencies by area, twentieth largest nation by area. Chad has several regions: the Sahara desert in the north, an arid zone in the centre known as the Sahel, and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the second-largest wetl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Brotherhood
The Society of the Muslim Brothers ('' ''), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( ', is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar, Imam and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties. Initially, as a Pan-Islamic, religious, and social movement, it preached Islam in Egypt, taught the illiterate, and set up hospitals and business enterprises. It later advanced into the political arena, aiming to end British colonial control of Egypt. The movement's self-stated aim is the establishment of a state ruled by sharia law under a caliphate–its most famous slogan is "Islam is the solution". Charity is a major aspect of its work. The group spread to other Muslim countries but still has one of its largest organizations in Egypt, despite a succession of government crackdowns since 1948. It remained a fringe group i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to Central African Republic–Chad border, the north, Sudan to Central African Republic–Sudan border, the northeast, South Sudan to Central African Republic–South Sudan border, the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Central African Republic–Democratic Republic of the Congo border, the south, the Republic of the Congo to Central African Republic–Republic of the Congo border, the southwest, and Cameroon to Cameroon–Central African Republic border, the west. Bangui is the country's capital and largest city, bordering the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Central African Republic covers a land area of about . As of 2024, it has a population of 5,357,744, consisting of about 80 ethnic groups, and is in the scene of a Central African Republic Civil War, civil war, which has been ongoing since 2012. Having been a Ubangi-Shari, French colony under the name Ubangi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
