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FLNKS
The Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front (, FLNKS) is a pro-independence alliance of political parties in New Caledonia. It was founded in 1984 at a congress of various political parties. Its supporters are mostly from the Kanak indigenous population but also include supporters from other ethnic communities. History It is composed of the Caledonian Union (UC) (a centre-left formerly multi-ethnic party dating back to the early postwar period) on the one hand and the National Union for Independence (UNI) on the other. The UNI includes Melanesian Progressive Union (a political movement based on the island's west coast and mainly around the village of Poya, where its founder, the late Edmond Nekiriai, came from), the Oceanian Democratic Rally (a Polynesian ( Wallisian-and-Futunian) based party) and the Party of Kanak Liberation (PALIKA), a more radical party founded by left-leaning students that came back from France after the May 1968 riots. Both the UC and UNI are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanak People
The Kanaks (French language, French spelling until 1984: Canaque) are the Indigenous peoples of Oceania, indigenous Melanesians, Melanesian inhabitants of New Caledonia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, Pacific. Kanak peoples traditionally speak diverse Austronesian languages that belong to the New Caledonian languages, New Caledonian branch of Oceanic languages, Oceanic. According to the 2019 census, the Kanaks make up 41.2% of New Caledonia's total population – corresponding to around 112,000 people. The other populations are the Caldoche, who are European born in New Caledonia; the Zoreilles, Zoreille, who were born in metropolitan France and live in New Caledonia, in addition to about 10% that are non-Kanak Polynesians and 10% that are mixed race. The earliest traces of human settlement in New Caledonia go back to the Lapita culture, about 3000 Before Present, BP, i.e. 11th century BC, 1000 BCE. In addition, Polynesian navigation, Polynes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 New Caledonian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in New Caledonia on 10 May 2009. Voters elected 76 members of the three provincial assemblies, of whom 54 were also to become members of the territorial Congress. The Labour Party, which had been founded in 2007 as the political arm of the pro-independence Union of Kanaky Workers and the Exploited, contested the elections for the first time and hoped to gain 12,000 votes and a seat. Due to splits in the two main parties of the anti-independence front, the Rally–UMP and Future Together (from which Caledonia Together split off in October 2008), the main pro-independence party, the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS), hoped to become the largest party in the elections. Campaign The newly elected Congress was to decide how to implement the autonomy provisions of the Noumea Accord of 1998. Apart from the island's political future, the economy and New Caledonia's high cost of living were the main issue in the election campaign. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caledonian Union
The Caledonian Union (, UC) is a pro-independence and the oldest political party in New Caledonia. In the latest legislative elections of May 10, 2009, the party won around 11.65% of the popular vote, and 9 out of 54 seats in the Territorial Congress. History The Caledonian Union was born as a cross-community (multi-ethnic) autonomist party led by Maurice Lenormand, who was the island's sole representative in the French National Assembly. There, he sat with the Popular Republican Movement, or MRP, and other Christian democratic parties in France. The Caledonian Union did not initially call for the independence of New Caledonia, but instead drew support from all ethnic groups in New Caledonia and campaigned for a greater degree of self-governance and local identity from France under the slogan "Two Colours, One People." The party's first significant success was on February 8, 1953 with the election of 15 members of the Caledonian Union to the 25 seats General Council. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouvéa Cave Hostage Taking
The Ouvéa cave hostage taking occurred from 22 April 1988 to 5 May 1988 on the island of Ouvéa, New Caledonia, a south Pacific archipelago under control of France. During the stand-off and seizure of a brigade of gendarmerie, members of an independence movement, the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front, killed four gendarmes (including two unarmed) and took 27 unarmed gendarmes hostages (weapons were in the armory during the night), later also taking hostage a public prosecutor who had been sent to negotiate, seven members of the French GIGN military unit and a regular army lieutenant. They demanded talks with the French government about independence for New Caledonia from France. In previous years, about ten gendarmes had been killed in New Caledonia in connection with the independence movement, also some Kanaks had been killed by policiers and gendarmes as well like Richard Kamuda in 1975, Théodore Daye in 1980, Eloi Machoro and Marcel Nonaro in 1985 and a young K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Of Kanak Liberation
The Party of Kanak Liberation (, Palika) is a socialist pro-independence political party in New Caledonia. It is a component of the National Union for Independence, which in turn is one of the two components of the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS). History Palika started on the radical left, with Marxist rhetoric, in the 1970s. It participated, like the Caledonian Union (UC), in the Nationalist Front and later the FLNKS as the smaller, but more radical element. After the Matignon Accords, the division between Palika and UC heightened, and in 1995 Paul Néaoutyine Paul Néaoutyine (; born October 12, 1951, in Poindimié) is a French New Caledonian politician. A Kanak of the Saint-Michel tribe, he has been president of the North Province of New Caledonia since 1999. He is a supporter of New Caledonian i ... led a dissident list ( National Union for Independence, UNI) from the FLNKS' united list in the North Province. In 1999, the Palika and UC ran se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of the French Republic, a legal status unique in overseas France, and is enshrined in a dedicated chapter of the French Constitution. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre (New Caledonia), Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Chesterfield Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines (New Caledonia), Isle of Pines, and a few remote islets. The Chesterfield Islands are in the Coral Sea. French people, especially locals, call Grande Terre , a nickname also used more generally for the entire New Caledonia. Kanak people#Agitation for independence, Pro-independence Kanak parties use the name (''pron.'' ) to refer to New Caledonia, a term coined in the 1980s from the ethnic name of the indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanesian Socialism
The concept of Melanesian socialism was first advocated by Father Walter Lin̄i of the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu), who became the country's first Prime Minister upon its independence from France and the United Kingdom in 1980. Lin̄i's views on socialism were inspired by Julius Nyerere's experiments in African socialism in Tanzania. Lin̄i believed that socialism was inherently compatible with Melanesian societies and customs, including the emphasis on communal welfare over individualism and the communal ownership and working of land. In this, Nyerere's influence is perceptible as the latter stressed the similarities between socialism and traditional African ways of life. Lin̄i was an Anglican priest and believed that socialism held close similarities with Christian values and sought to combine the two as part of a Melanesian way. In this sense, socialism was not to be revolutionary, but instead fully in line with ni-Vanuatu tradition. Although he admired Nyerere and his gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Union For Independence
The National Union for Independence (, UNI) is a militant socialist pro-independence alliance of political parties in New Caledonia. It is a component of the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS) along with the Caledonian Union. Since 2021, leader Louis Mapou has been President of the Government of New Caledonia Components The term UNI has now been changed to include a broad coalition of: * Party of Kanak Liberation (Palika) * Melanesian Progressive Union (UPM) * Oceanian Democratic Rally (RDO) * Renewed Caledonian Union (UC-R) in the Loyalty Islands The Palika is by far the largest of the four parties. History The term UNI was first applied in 1995 to refers to a dissident list from the FLNKS led by Paul Néaoutyine in the North Province. Since then, the term UNI refers to the broad coalition led by the Palika in various provincial elections since then. In the 2009 provincial elections, the party won 10 seats (of which 8 went to the Palika, the other two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonia's 2nd Constituency
The 2nd constituency of New Caledonia is a French legislative constituency in New Caledonia. The second constituency was created in a redistricting in 1978. Between 1978 and a new redistricting in 1986, the second constituency represented the western shore of the main island, but its main population centre was Nouméa Nouméa () is the capital and largest city of the French Sui generis collectivity, special collectivity of New Caledonia and is also the largest Francophone city in Oceania. It is situated on a peninsula in the south of New Caledonia's main i ..., a largely French-populated loyalist stronghold. Since 1986, the constituency has been composed of the so-called ''brousse''—that is, the rural parts of the main island, which are mostly Kanak, but also the more populous French-populated suburbs of Nouméa. Deputies Election results 2024 2022 , - , colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9", , - 2017 2012 2007 2002 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanesian Progressive Union
The Melanesian Progressive Union (, UPM) is a militant socialist pro-independence political party in New Caledonia. It is a component of the National Union for Independence, which in turn is one of the two components of the Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS). History The UPM was founded in 1974 by Melanesian supporters of the Caledonian Union who were opposed to the leader of the party, the white Maurice Lenormand. At first a Trotskyist political party close to the LCR in France, the party has since moderated to become a social democratic Social democracy is a Social philosophy, social, Economic ideology, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achi ... party. References Left-wing nationalist parties Socialist parties in New Caledonia Secessionist organizations Melanesian socialism Social democratic parties in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanian Democratic Rally
The Oceanian Democratic Rally (, RDO) is a militant socialist, pro-independence political party in New Caledonia. It is a component of the National Union for Independence, which in turn is one of the two components of the Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS). History The RDO was founded in 1994 by local Polynesian Wallisians and Futunians favourable to the independence of New Caledonia from France. Aloïsio Sako, who had served as President of the Polynesian-based Oceanian Union and was a police officer, was removed from office by the then-Minister of the Interior Charles Pasqua. The party currently holds one seat in the Congress of New Caledonia The Congress of New Caledonia (), a "territorial congress" (''congrès territorial'' or ''congrès du territoire''), is the legislature of New Caledonia. The congress is headquartered at 1 Boulevard Vauban in downtown Noumea. Local media in Ne ... representing the South Province, which has a sizeable Polynesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004 New Caledonian Legislative Election
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is a square number, the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit Brahmic numerals represented 1, 2, and 3 with as many lines. 4 was simplified by joining its four lines into a cross that looks like the modern plus sign. The Shunga would add a horizontal line on top of the digit, and the Kshatrapa and Pallava evolved the digit to a point where the speed of writing was a secondary concern. The Arabs' 4 still had the early concept of the cross, but for the sake of efficiency, was made in one stroke by connecting the "western" end to the "northern" end; the "eastern" end was finished off with a curve. The Europeans dropped the finishing curve and gradually made the digit less cursive, ending up with a digit very close to the original Brahmin cross. While the shape of the characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
