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Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet
The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at University College London. It is designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the 1993 version of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The result is a SAMPA-inspired remapping of the IPA into 7-bit ASCII. SAMPA was devised as a hack to work around the inability of text encodings to represent IPA symbols. Later, as Unicode support for IPA symbols became more widespread, the necessity for a separate, computer-readable system for representing the IPA in ASCII decreased. However, X-SAMPA is still useful as the basis for an input method for true IPA. Summary Notes * The IPA symbols that are ordinary lower case letters have the same value in X-SAMPA as they do in the IPA. * X-SAMPA uses backslashes as modifying suffixes to create new symbols. For example, O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAMPA
The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It was originally developed in the late 1980s for six European languages by the EEC ESPRIT information technology research and development program. As many symbols as possible have been taken over from the IPA; where this is not possible, other signs that are available are used, e.g. @">code>@for schwa (IPA ), 2">code>2for the vowel sound found in French (IPA ), and 9">code>9for the vowel sound found in French (IPA ). The characters "s{mp@">code>"s{mp@represent the pronunciation of the name SAMPA in English, with the initial symbol indicating primary stress (in IPA, ). Like IPA, SAMPA is usually enclosed in square brackets or slashes, which are not part of the alphabet proper and merely signify that it is phonetic as opposed to regular text. Languages Today, officially, SAMPA has b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syllabic Consonant
A syllabic consonant or vocalic consonant is a consonant that forms the nucleus of a syllable on its own, like the ''m'', ''n'' and ''l'' in some pronunciations of the English words ''rhythm'', ''button'' and ''awful'', respectively. To represent it, the understroke diacritic in the International Phonetic Alphabet is used, . It may be instead represented by an overstroke, if the symbol that it modifies has a descender, such as in . Syllabic consonants in most languages are sonorants, such as nasals and liquids. Very few have syllabic obstruents (i.e., stops, fricatives, and affricates) in normal words, but English has syllabic fricatives in paralinguistic words like ''shh!'' and ''zzz''. Examples Germanic languages In many varieties of High and Low German, pronouncing syllabic consonants may be considered a shibboleth. In High German and Tweants (a Low Saxon dialect spoken in the Netherlands; more Low Saxon dialects have the syllabic consonant), all word-final syllab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPA Unicode 0x0064
IPA commonly refers to: * International Phonetic Alphabet, a system of phonetic notation ** International Phonetic Association The International Phonetic Association (IPA; , API) is an organization that promotes the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. The IPA's major contribution to phonetics is the International Phoneti ..., the organization behind the alphabet * India pale ale, a style of beer * Isopropyl alcohol, a chemical compound IPA may also refer to: Organizations International * Insolvency Practitioners Association, of the UK and Ireland * Institute of Public Administration (other) * International Peoples' Assembly * International Permafrost Association * International Play Association * International Police Association * International Polka Association * International Presentation Association, network of Presentation Sisters#International Presentation Association (IPA), Presentation Sisters * International P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Palatal Plosive
The voiceless palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is c. Voiceless palato-alveolar and post-palatal plosives If distinction is necessary, the voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed as (advanced ) or ( retracted and palatalized ), but these are essentially equivalent, because the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are c_+ and t_-' or t_-_j, respectively. There is also a non-IPA letter ; ("t", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives ), which is used especially in sinological circles. It is common for the phonetic symbol to be used to represent voiceless postalveolar affricate or other similar affricates, for example in the Indic languages. This may be considered appropriate when the place of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPA Unicode 0x0063
IPA commonly refers to: * International Phonetic Alphabet, a system of phonetic notation ** International Phonetic Association, the organization behind the alphabet * India pale ale, a style of beer * Isopropyl alcohol, a chemical compound IPA may also refer to: Organizations International * Insolvency Practitioners Association, of the UK and Ireland * Institute of Public Administration (other) * International Peoples' Assembly * International Permafrost Association * International Play Association * International Police Association * International Polka Association * International Presentation Association, network of Presentation Sisters * International Psychoanalytical Association * International Publishers Association, representing book and journal publishing Australia * Institute of Public Accountants * Institute of Public Affairs India * Indian Pharmacist Association * Indian Polo Association United Kingdom * Infrastructure and Projects Authority * Institute o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Bilabial Implosive
The voiced bilabial implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b_<. Features Features of the voiced bilabial implosive: Occurrence See also * Index of phonetics articles * Voiceless bilabial implosive The voiceless bilabial implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is or . A dedicated IPA letter, , was withdrawn in 1993. Features Featur ... * B̤ē Notes References * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{IPA navigation Bilabial consonants Implosives Voiced oral consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPA Unicode 0x0253
IPA commonly refers to: * International Phonetic Alphabet, a system of phonetic notation ** International Phonetic Association, the organization behind the alphabet * India pale ale, a style of beer * Isopropyl alcohol, a chemical compound IPA may also refer to: Organizations International * Insolvency Practitioners Association, of the UK and Ireland * Institute of Public Administration (other) * International Peoples' Assembly * International Permafrost Association * International Play Association * International Police Association * International Polka Association * International Presentation Association, network of Presentation Sisters * International Psychoanalytical Association * International Publishers Association, representing book and journal publishing Australia * Institute of Public Accountants * Institute of Public Affairs India * Indian Pharmacist Association * Indian Polo Association United Kingdom * Infrastructure and Projects Authority * Institute o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Bilabial Plosive
The voiced bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter in ''obey'' . Features Features of the voiced bilabial stop: Varieties Occurrence See also * Betacism * List of phonetics topics A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar e ... Notes References * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Voiced Bilabial stop Voiced oral consonants Bilabial stops Pulmonic consonants Labial–coronal consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPA Unicode 0x0062
IPA commonly refers to: * International Phonetic Alphabet, a system of phonetic notation ** International Phonetic Association, the organization behind the alphabet * India pale ale, a style of beer * Isopropyl alcohol, a chemical compound IPA may also refer to: Organizations International * Insolvency Practitioners Association, of the UK and Ireland * Institute of Public Administration (other) * International Peoples' Assembly * International Permafrost Association * International Play Association * International Police Association * International Polka Association * International Presentation Association, network of Presentation Sisters * International Psychoanalytical Association * International Publishers Association, representing book and journal publishing Australia * Institute of Public Accountants * Institute of Public Affairs India * Indian Pharmacist Association * Indian Polo Association United Kingdom * Infrastructure and Projects Authority * Institute o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Front Unrounded Vowel
The open front unrounded vowel, or low front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. It is one of the eight primary cardinal vowels, not directly intended to correspond to a vowel sound of a specific language but rather to serve as a fundamental reference point in a phonetic measuring system. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) that represents this sound is , a double-story lowercase a. In the IPA vowel chart it is positioned at the lower-left corner. However, the accuracy of the quadrilateral vowel chart is disputed, and the sound has been analyzed acoustically as extra-open at a position where the front/back distinction has lost its significance. There are also differing interpretations of the exact quality of the vowel: the classic sound recording of by Daniel Jones is slightly more front but not quite as open as that by John Wells. In practice, the symbol is often used to represent an open ''central'' unrounded vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPA Unicode 0x0061
IPA commonly refers to: * International Phonetic Alphabet, a system of phonetic notation ** International Phonetic Association, the organization behind the alphabet * India pale ale, a style of beer * Isopropyl alcohol, a chemical compound IPA may also refer to: Organizations International * Insolvency Practitioners Association, of the UK and Ireland * Institute of Public Administration (other) * International Peoples' Assembly * International Permafrost Association * International Play Association * International Police Association * International Polka Association * International Presentation Association, network of Presentation Sisters * International Psychoanalytical Association * International Publishers Association, representing book and journal publishing Australia * Institute of Public Accountants * Institute of Public Affairs India * Indian Pharmacist Association * Indian Polo Association United Kingdom * Infrastructure and Projects Authority * Institute o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IETF Language Tag
An IETF BCP 47 language tag is a standardized code that is used to identify human languages on the Internet. The tag structure has been standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in ''Best Current Practice (BCP) 47''; the subtags are maintained by the ''IANA Language Subtag Registry''. To distinguish language variants for countries, Administrative division, regions, or writing systems (scripts), IETF language tags combine subtags from other standards such as ISO 639, ISO 15924, ISO 3166-1 and UN M.49. For example, the tag stands for English language, English; for Spanish language in the Americas, Latin American Spanish; for Romansh Sursilvan; for Serbian language, Serbian written in Cyrillic script; for Southern Min, Min Nan Chinese using Traditional Chinese characters, traditional Han characters, as spoken in Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwan; for Cantonese language, Cantonese using Traditional Chinese characters, traditional Han characters, as spoken in Hong Kong; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
