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Exidiaceae
The Auriculariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species within the family were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 100 species are known worldwide. All are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several ''Auricularia'' species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China. Taxonomy History The family was established in 1897 by German mycologist Gustav Lindau to accommodate species of fungi having "gymnocarpous" basidiocarps (with the hymenium exposed) and "auricularioid" basidia (more or less cylindrical basidia with lateral septa). It included not only the genus ''Auricularia'', but also '' Platygloea'', '' Jola'', '' Saccoblastia'', and ''Stypinella'' (= '' Helicobasidium''). In 1922, British mycologist Carleton Rea recognized the family as containing the genera ''Auricul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriculariales
The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the " heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 200 species are known worldwide, placed in six or more families, though the status of these families is currently uncertain. All species in the Auriculariales are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several ''Auricularia'' species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China. Taxonomy History The order was established in 1889 by German mycologist Joseph Schröter to accommodate species of fungi having "auricularioid" basidia (more or less cylindrical basidia with lateral septa), including many of the rusts and smuts. In 1922, British mycologist Carleton Rea recognized the order as containing the families Auriculariaceae and Ecchynaceae, as well as the rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auricularia Auricula-judae
''Auricularia auricula-judae'', which has the recommended English name jelly ear, also known as Judas’s ear or Jew’s ear, is a species of fungus in the order Auriculariales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are brown, gelatinous, and have a noticeably ear-like shape. They grow on wood, especially elder. The specific epithet is derived from the belief that Judas Iscariot hanged himself from an elder tree; the common name "Judas's ear" was largely eclipsed by the corruption "Jew's ear". The fungus can be found throughout the year in Europe, where it normally grows on wood of broadleaf trees and shrubs. It was formerly thought to be a variable species with a worldwide distribution, but molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that non-European species are distinct. The cultivated "A. auricula-judae" of China and East Asia is '' Auricularia heimuer'' and, to a lesser extent, '' A. villosula''. The North American "A. auricula-judae" on broadle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremellochaete
''Tremellochaete'' is a genus of fungi in the family Auriculariaceae. Species produce pustular or lobed, effused, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on wood, typically covered in small sterile spines or pegs. Taxonomy The genus was originally created in 1964 by Estonian mycologist Ain Raitviir to accommodate ''Tremellochaete japonica'', a species that appeared morphologically intermediate between the older genera '' Exidia'' and ''Heterochaete''. ''Tremellochaete'' was subsequently treated as a synonym of ''Exidia'' by some authors until shown to be distinct as a result of molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usu .... Several additional species have now been referred to ''Tremellochaete''. References Exte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicobasidium
''Helicobasidium'' is a genus of fungus in the family Helicobasidiaceae. Species *''Helicobasidium albicans'' *''Helicobasidium anomalum'' *''Helicobasidium arboreum'' *''Helicobasidium candidum'' *'' Helicobasidium cirratum'' *''Helicobasidium cirrhatum'' *''Helicobasidium compactum'' *'' Helicobasidium corticioides'' *'' Helicobasidium filicinum'' *''Helicobasidium hemispira'' *''Helicobasidium holospirum'' *''Helicobasidium hypochnoides ''Helicobasidium'' is a genus of fungus in the family Helicobasidiaceae. Species *''Helicobasidium albicans'' *'' Helicobasidium anomalum'' *'' Helicobasidium arboreum'' *''Helicobasidium candidum'' *''Helicobasidium cirratum'' *''Helicobasidiu ...'' *'' Helicobasidium inconspicuum'' *'' Helicobasidium incrustans'' *'' Helicobasidium killermannii'' *'' Helicobasidium longisporum'' *'' Helicobasidium peckii'' *'' Helicobasidium purpureum'' *'' Helicobasidium smilacinum'' *'' Helicobasidium tanakae'' References Basidiomycota genera H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jola (fungi)
Jola may refer to: * Jola people, an ethnic group of West Africa * Jola languages, a dialect continuum spoken in west Africa * Jola Jobst (1915–1952), German actress * Jola Sigmond (born 1943), Swedish architect * ''Jola'' (fungi), a genus of fungi in the order Platygloeales * Sorghum bicolor ''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a Poaceae, grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethan ..., a type of grain See also * Johann Lamont, Scottish politician whose name is sometimes abbreviated as JoLa * Jolas (other) {{disambig, given name Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycologist
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist. Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, and the two disciplines remain closely related because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. Overview Historically, mycology was a branch of botany because, although fungi are evolutionarily more closely related to animals than to plants, this was not recognized until a few decades ago. Pioneer mycologists included Elias Magnus Fries, Christian Hendrik Persoon, Anton de Bary, Elizabeth Eaton Morse, and Lewis David von Schweinitz. Beatrix Potter, author of ''The Tale of Peter Rabbit'', also made significant contributions to the field. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saprotrophic
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (for example ''Mucor'') and soil bacteria. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi are sometimes called saprobes; saprotrophic plants or bacterial flora are called saprophytes ( sapro- 'rotten material' + -phyte 'plant'), although it is now believed that all plants previously thought to be saprotrophic are in fact parasites of microscopic fungi or other plants. The process is most often facilitated through the active transport of such materials through endocytosis within the internal mycelium and its constituent hyphae. states the purpose of saprotrophs and their internal nutrition, as well as the main two types of fungi that are most often referred to, as well as describes, visually, the process of saprotrophic nutrition through a diagram of hyph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidia
A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly-coiled secondary myceliuma dikaryon. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores; occasionally the number may be two or even eight. In a typical basidium, each basidiospore is borne at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (), and is forcibly discharged upon maturity. The word ''basidium'' literally means "little pedestal", from the way in which the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure more closely resembles a club. An immature basidium is known as a basidiole. Structure Most basidiomycota have single celled basidia (holobasidia), but in some groups basidia can be multic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiocarps
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma () is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles. Structure All basidiocarps serve as the structure on which the hymenium is produced. Basidia are found on the surface of the hymenium, and the basidia ultimately produce spores. In its simplest form, a basidiocarp consists of an undifferentiated fruiting structure with a hymenium on the surface; such a structure is characteristic of many simple jelly and club fungi. In more complex basidiocarps, there is differentiation into a stipe, a pileus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterobasidiomycetes
Heterobasidiomycetes, including jelly fungi, smuts and rusts, are basidiomycetes with septate basidia. This contrasts them to homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes), including most mushrooms and other Agaricomycetes, which have aseptate basidia. The division of all basidiomycetes between these two groups has been influential in fungal taxonomy, and is still used informally, but it is no longer the basis of formal classification. In modern taxonomy homobasidiomycetes roughly correspond to the monophyletic class Agaricomycetes, whereas heterobasidiomycetes are paraphyletic and as such correspond to various taxa from different taxonomic ranks, including the Basidiomycota other than Agaricomycetes and a few basal groups within Agaricomycetes. Distinction between homo- and heterobasidiomycetes In addition to having septate basidia, heterobasidiomycetes also frequently possess large irregularly shaped sterigmata and spores that are capable of self-replicatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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