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Evolutions Squadron
The Evolution Squadron was a naval squadron of the Brazilian Imperial Fleet composed of the best ships of its time in several characteristics. It was created in 1884 with the purpose of developing new naval tactics inspired by the Austria tactics in the Battle of Lissa where its naval force faced and defeated the much superior Italian fleet. History Origins After the end of the Paraguayan War, Brazil was concerned with repairing the damage caused to its vessels, refitting them and transforming the Armada into the fourth most powerful navy in the world. From 1870, with the possibility of a conflict with Argentina, the Brazilian Empire aimed to further strengthen its Armada. In 1873 it acquired a gunboat and a corvette; a battleship and a monitor in 1874 and soon after two cruisers and another monitor. In the 1880s, the navy continued its program of strengthening it, with several Brazilian arsenals building dozens of warships. Four torpedo boats were purchased, the Escola Prá ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Brazilian Navy
The Imperial Brazilian Navy (Portuguese: ''Armada Nacional'', commonly known as ''Armada Imperial'') was the navy created at the time of the independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It existed between 1822 and 1889 during the vacancy of the constitutional monarchy. The Navy was formed almost entirely by ships, staff, organizations and doctrines proceeding from the transference of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808. Some of its members were native-born Brazilians, who under Portugal had been forbidden to serve. Other members were Portuguese who adhered to the cause of separation and German and Irish mercenaries. Some establishments created by King John VI were used and incorporated. Under the reign of Emperor Pedro II the Navy was greatly expanded to become the fifth most powerful navy in the world and the armed force more popular and loyal to the Brazilian monarchy. Creation The Imperial Navy came into being with the in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austro-Hungarian Navy
The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (german: kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', hu, Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet) was the naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy were designated ''SMS'', for '' Seiner Majestät Schiff'' (His Majesty's Ship). The k.u.k. Kriegsmarine came into being after the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867, and ceased to exist in 1918 upon the Empire's defeat and subsequent collapse at the end of World War I. Prior to 1867, the Imperial Austrian Navy or simply the Austrian Navy, saw action in the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, the Austrian expedition against Morocco (1829), the Second Egyptian–Ottoman War, the First and Second Wars of Italian Independence, the Second Schleswig War, and the Third War of Italian Independence. Following Austria's defeat by Prussia and Italy during the Seven Weeks' War, the Austrian Empire reformed it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companhia Das Letras
Companhia das Letras is the largest publishing house in São Paulo, Brazil. It was founded by Luiz Schwarcz and his wife Lilia Moritz Schwarcz in 1986. Companhia das Letras began as a literary publishing house and gradually grew into 17 independent publishing units with a broad readership of all ages and industries. History According to an interview with The Guardian, Luiz was aware of a lack of quality publishing houses in Brazil after eight years in the publishing industry, and in 1986, recognizing the opportunity, Luiz and his wife established a publishing house that combined literary, commercial and good marketing techniques. Over the next 30 years, Luiz's publishing career went surprisingly well (Caiaty, 2019). Their first book was Edmund Wilson's To the Finland Station, which had never been published in Brazil, even though it had been out for almost 40 years at the time. The book even sold more copies than it did in the United States. As a result, the publisher quickly gaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, São Paulo is the most populous city proper in the Americas, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the world's 4th largest city proper by population. Additionally, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas around the Greater São Paulo ( Campinas, Santos, Jundiaí, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos) created the São Paulo Macro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Brazil
Historically, the political post of Prime Minister, officially called President of the Council of Ministers ( pt, Primeiro-ministro, Presidente do Conselho de Ministros), existed in Brazil in two different periods: from 1847 to 1889 (during the Empire) and from 1961 to 1963 (under the Fourth Republic). The parliamentary system was first introduced in the country in 1847 by Emperor Pedro II and maintained until the abolition of the monarchy in 1889. The system was briefly restored during the tenure of President João Goulart between 1961 and 1963, after a constitutional amendment approved by his opponents before the beginning of his term created the post; it was abolished with a plebiscite. Below are more detailed descriptions of the post in each period. Presidents of the Council of Ministers of the Empire of Brazil (1847–1889) The political position of Prime Minister of Brazil was first created in 1847 by the Brazilian Emperor Pedro II officially as President of the Cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Navy
) , colors= Blue and white , colors_label= Colors , march= " Cisne Branco" ( en, "White Swan") (same name as training ship '' Cisne Branco'' , mascot= , equipment= 1 multipurpose aircraft carrier7 submarines6 frigates2 corvettes4 amphibious warfare ships5 mine countermeasures vessel23 oceanic patrol boats 20 fast patrol craft30 oceanic auxiliary ships12 river patrol boats16 river auxiliary ships , equipment_label= Fleet , battles= War of Independence (1821–24) Confederation of the Equator (1824) Cisplatine War (1825–28) Cabanagem Revolt (1835–40) Ragamuffin War (1835–45) Balaiada Revolt (1835–41) Uruguayan Civil War (1839-51) Platine War (1851–52)Bahia incident (1864) Uruguayan War (1864–65) Paraguayan War (1864–70) Naval Revolt (1893–94) Federalist War (1893-1895) World War I (1917–18) Lieutenants Revolts (1922–27) Constitutionalist war (1932) World War II (1942–45)Lobster War (1961–63) Araguaia guerrilla (1972–74)" UN missions"Haiti (2004� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruiser Trajano
''Trajano'' (also briefly called ''Toneleiros'') was a cruiser-type warship belonging to the Imperial Brazilian Navy from 1873 to 1889 and later to the Brazilian Navy from 1889 to 1906. Construction and design ''Trajano'' was built at the Arsenal de Marinha da Corte in Rio de Janeiro between 1872 and 1873. Its name was given by request of emperor Pedro II as a tribute to naval engineer , who was the ship's designer. It was laid down on 27 May 1872, with the presence of the emperor. It was launched on 12 July 1873, also with the presence of the emperor, the officership and about a thousand spectators, being incorporated into the navy a few days later on 17 July 1873. The ship was built of wood and steel, displacing a total of 1392 tonnes. It measured 200 ft in length, 31 ft of beam, 15 ft of draft and 19.5 ft in height. It was powered by John Penn and Sons John Penn and Sons was an English engineering company based in London, and mainly known for its marine steam engines. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Cruiser Almirante Barroso (1882)
There have been at least three vessels that have served with the Brazilian Navy named ''Almirante Barroso'', after Francisco Manuel Barroso, Baron of Amazonas: *, a corvette, launched in 1882, sank in 1893 on circumnavigation voyage *, a protected cruiser Protected cruisers, a type of naval cruiser of the late-19th century, gained their description because an armoured deck offered protection for vital machine-spaces from fragments caused by shells exploding above them. Protected cruisers re ..., launched in 1896, completed in 1897, struck in 1931; similar in many respects to ; two sister ships were sold to the United States, becoming the *, former USS ''Philadelphia'' (CL-41), a ''Brooklyn''-class cruiser sold to Brazil in 1951 See also * References * Gardiner, Robert, Roger Chesneau, and Eugene Kolesnik, eds. ''Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905''. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979. . . * Gardiner, Robert and Randal Gray, eds. ''Conway's A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Monitor Javary (1874)
''Javary'' was a ''Javary''-class armored monitor operated by the Imperial Brazilian Navy and Brazilian Navy (before and after the Proclamation of the Republic). Her sister ship was the '' Solimões''. She is known for her armor and powerful armaments for the time. Her service was limited by the inadequate draught for certain stretches of river, and her maneuverability was reduced due to an extremely low side, which meant the ship was used mainly as a floating battery. She was sunk after being shot at by the Fortaleza de São João during the Revolta da Armada in 1893. Characteristics The idea of building the ''Javary'' class emerged after ten years had passed since the construction of the first armored ship of the Empire: '' Brasil''. According to Ribeiro de Luz, "these ironclad battleships would be endowed with all the improvements needed to make them perfect machines for both maritime and river warfare." However, this finding turned out not to be true, as the future b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Monitor Solimões (1875)
''Solimões'' was an armored monitor operated by the Imperial Brazilian Navy. The warship was built at the French shipyard Forges et chantiers de la Méditrranée and launched to sea in 1875, being commissioned on April 23 of that year. She was the most powerful ship of the navy at the time of her incorporation. ''Solimões'' had four cannons and armor reaching up to on the gun turrets. The ship was expected to have good navigation capabilities on the high seas, but had little agility in maneuvering and could not operate in rough seas due to her low side. These characteristics forced the ship to always sail close to shore. The ''Solimões'' was part of the Evolution Fleet in 1884, composed of the best ships in the fleet. In May 1892, she sailed together with other vessels bound for the province of Mato Grosso to help forces loyal to the federal government against separatist rebels. As they approached the Uruguayan coast, the ''Solimões'' sank with most of its crew, leaving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Ironclad Sete De Setembro
The Brazilian ironclad ''Sete de Setembro'' was a wooden-hulled armored frigate built for the Imperial Brazilian Navy during the Paraguayan War in the late 1860s. Construction was delayed by a debate over her armament and she was not completed until 1874, by which time the ship was essentially obsolete. ''Sete de Setembro'' was transferred to Rio de Janeiro in the 1880s and captured by the rebels during the Fleet Revolt of 1893–94. She sank after she caught fire when the government forces recaptured her in late 1893. Design and description ''Sete de Setembro'' was designed as an enlarged, and seaworthy, version of the casemate ironclad as part of the 1867 Naval Program, but she was ultimately classified as an armored frigate. Before construction began weather decks were added fore and aft to improve seaworthiness and protect the capstans fore and aft. The hull was sheathed with Muntz metal to reduce biofouling and a bronze ram, long, was fitted. For sea passages the ship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Battleship Riachuelo
''Riachuelo'' () was a Brazilian ironclad battleship completed in 1883. She was named in honour of the Battle of Riachuelo in 1865. Built in the United Kingdom, the ship entered service with the Brazilian Navy in 1883 and remained in service until 1910. Design ''Riachuelo'' was built after the Brazilian Minister of the Navy, Admiral José Rodrigues de Lima Duarte, presented a report to the national legislature on the importance of modernising the Brazilian Navy by acquiring new battleships, with the intention to order two from British shipyards. ''Riachuelo'' was constructed by Samuda Brothers in London, being laid down on 31 August 1881, launched on 7 June 1883 and commissioned into the Brazilian Navy on 19 November 1883. The slightly smaller was launched in 1885. ''Riachuelo'' was constructed with a steel hull, and was the first battleship with a compound armour belt, following shortly after the Argentine armoured corvette . Both ''Riachuelo'' and ''Aquidabã'' had an u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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