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Evernia
''Evernia'' is a genus of bushy lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Description Oakmoss ''Evernia prunastri'' is used as a fixative agent in Eau de Cologne within the perfume industry. It is green on top and white on bottom, and divides evenly into "forks"; it becomes very soft when wet. It is not to be confused with ''Ramalina'', which is straplike, stiff and bristly, green on top and bottom, and divides unevenly. ''Evernia'' is an abundant genus, found growing on trees."Evernia." Oregon State University. Retrieved on 25 Sept 2007. References Parmeliaceae Lecanorales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Taxa described in 1809 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernia Esorediosa
''Evernia esorediosa'' is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has no soralia, but many ascocarps. In a study it has been found that its mycobiont contains hypostrepsilic acid, a dibenzofuran. It made up 3.2% of the dry weight. In its lichenized condition divaricatic acid, an orcinol depside, made up 1.9% of ''Evernia esorediosas dry weight. Distribution Specimens have been found in Japan, Russia, the United States of America, Canada and Mongolia.Evernia esorediosa (Müll.Arg.) Du Rietz in GBIF The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around th ... Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2021-04-13. References Parmeliaceae Lichen species Lichens described in 1891 Lichens of Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernia Prunastri
''Evernia prunastri'', also known as oakmoss, is a species of lichen. It can be found in many mountainous temperate forests throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Oakmoss grows primarily on the trunk and branches of oak trees, but is also commonly found on the bark of other deciduous trees and conifers such as fir and pine. The thalli of oakmoss are short (3–4 cm in length) and bushy, and grow together on bark to form large clumps. Oakmoss thallus is flat and strap-like. They are also highly branched, resembling the form of antlers. The colour of oakmoss ranges from green to a greenish-white when dry, and dark olive-green to yellow-green when wet. The texture of the thalli is rough when dry and rubbery when wet. It is used extensively in modern perfumery. Commercial uses Oakmoss is commercially harvested in countries of South-Central Europe and usually exported to the Grasse region of France where its fragrant compounds are extracted as oakmoss absolutes and extracts. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernia Mesomorpha
''Evernia mesomorpha'' is a species of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... References Parmeliaceae Lichen species Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Lichens described in 1861 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernia Divaricata
''Evernia divaricata'' is a species of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... References Parmeliaceae Lichen species Lichens described in 1768 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernia Illyrica
''Evernia illyrica'' is a species of lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Parmeliaceae. It is native to Europe. References Parmeliaceae Lichen species Taxa named by Alexander Zahlbruckner[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evernia Mesomorpha
''Evernia mesomorpha'' is a species of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext .... References Parmeliaceae Lichen species Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Lichens described in 1861 {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Genera
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not plants. They may have tiny, leafless branches ( fruticose); flat leaf-like structures ( foliose); grow crust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmeliaceae
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 species), '' Usnea'' (355 species), ''Parmotrema'' ( 255 species), and '' Hypotrachyna'' (262 species). Nearly all members of the family have a symbiotic association with a green alga (most often '' Trebouxia'' spp., but '' Asterochloris'' spp. are known to associate with some species).Miadlikowska, J. ''et al.'' (2006). New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes. ''Mycologia'' 98: 1088-1103. http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/reprint/98/6/1088.pdf The majority of Parmeliaceae species have a foliose, fruticose, or subfruticose growth form. The morphological diversity and complexity exhibited by this group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foliose Lichen
Foliose lichen is one of the morphological classes of lichens, which are complex organisms that arise from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and a photosynthetic partner, typically algae. This partnership allows lichen to live in diverse climates that can range from cold, dry mountains to wet, warm valleys. Lichens develop quite slowly with recorded growth rates of 0.01–27mm/year depending on the species. Their lifespan averages between 30 and 60 years. Lichens have a main body part called the thallus, which is composed of hyphae, and houses the cortex and medulla. The cortex contains the photosynthetic cells while the medulla allows for gas exchange and makes up the bulk of the lichen's thallus. There are three main types of lichens: crustose, foliose, and fruticose. Foliose lichen are characterised by flattened leafy thalli, and an upper and lower cortex. Many have numerous layers, which are stratified, and aid in identifying different types. Foliose lichens attac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erik Acharius
Erik Acharius (10 October 1757 – 14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of lichens and is known as the "father of lichenology." Acharius was famously the last pupil of Carl Linnaeus. Life Acharius was born in 1757 to Johan Eric Acharius and Catharina Margaretha Hagtorn in Gävle.Sernander., K. “Erik Acharius - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon.” Fredrik Teodor Borg - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon, sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=5503. He received a private education until he was admitted to Gävle Gymnasium in 1770. Later he matriculated at Uppsala University in 1773 where he studied natural history and medicine under Linnaeus and was the last student to defend a dissertation before him.Thell, A., Kärnefelt, I., Seaward, M., & Westberg, M. (Eds.) (2013). In the footsteps of Erik Acharius. 20th biennial meeting of the Nordic Lichen Society. Vadstena 11–15 August 2013. Programme and Abstracts. Nordic Lichen Society. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fixative (perfumery)
A fixative is used to equalize the vapor pressures, and thus the volatilities, of the raw materials in a perfume oil, as well as to increase the tenacity. Fixatives can be resinoids ( benzoin, labdanum, myrrh, olibanum, storax, tolu balsam) or the molecules ambroxide, civetone and muscone, which were originally obtained from animals, but can and are now mostly synthesized because it is more economical, more consistent and more ethical (animals were either killed or are kept in captivity to collect the secretions from their perineal glands). Synthetic fixatives include substances of low volatility ( diphenylmethane, dipropylene glycol (DPG), cyclopentadecanolide, ambroxide, benzyl salicylate) and virtually odorless solvent A solvent (s) (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for ...s wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
