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Ethel Watts (accountant)
Ethel Watts (1895 – 1963) was an English accountant who is remembered for being the first woman to become a chartered accountant through examination. Early life She was born in London on 3 January 1895, the eldest of three daughters of police officer John Watts and his wife Caroline, ''née'' Poole, a police matron. She was educated at Coburn Girls’ School, Bedford College, and Royal Holloway college, where she graduated with a BA in history in 1916. During World War I, she became an administrative assistant at the Ministry of Food, serving for a period as the private secretary to the Director of Oils and Fats. She had intended to train as a lawyer, but her time at the Ministry of Food gave her an interest in business, so she trained as an accountant on the advice of Sir Harry Peat. Accountancy career Watts passed the British Institute of Chartered Accountants' exam in 1924. She served her articles with S. Williams of Manchester and Aberystwyth before joining W.B. Peat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedford College, London
Bedford College was founded in London in 1849 as the first higher education college for women in the United Kingdom. In 1900, it became a constituent of the University of London. Having played a leading role in the advancement of women in higher education and public life in general, it became fully coeducational (i.e. open to men) in the 1960s. In 1985, Bedford College merged with Royal Holloway College, another constituent of the University of London, to form Royal Holloway and Bedford New College. This remains the official name, but it is commonly called Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL). History Foundation The college was founded by Elizabeth Jesser Reid (''née'' Sturch) in 1849, a social reformer and anti-slavery activist, who had been left a private income by her late husband, Dr John Reid, which she used to patronise various philanthropic causes. Mrs Reid and her circle of well-educated friends believed firmly in the need to improve education for women. She ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Holloway, University Of London
Royal Holloway, University of London (RH), formally incorporated as Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, is a public university, public research university and a constituent college, member institution of the federal University of London. It has six schools, 21 academic departments and approximately 10,500 undergraduate and postgraduate students from more than 100 countries. The campus is located west of Egham, Surrey, from central London. The Egham campus was founded in 1879 by the Victorian entrepreneur and philanthropist Thomas Holloway. Royal Holloway College was officially opened in 1886 by Queen Victoria as an Single-sex education, all-women college. It became a member of the University of London in 1900. In 1945, the college admitted male postgraduate students, and in 1965, around 100 of the first male undergraduates. In 1985, Royal Holloway merged with Bedford College (London), Bedford College (another former all-women's college in London). The merged college was nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Food (United Kingdom)
The Minister of Food Control (1916–1921) and the Minister of Food (1939–1958) were British government ministerial posts separated from that of the Minister of Agriculture. In the Great War the Ministry sponsored a network of canteens known as National Kitchens. In the Second World War a major task of the Ministry was to oversee rationing in the United Kingdom arising out of World War II. The Minister was assisted by a Parliamentary Secretary. The Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Food and Animal Welfare (2018–present; vacant since 2019) was appointed at the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to ensure the continued supply of sufficient food during the Brexit process. The ministry's work was transferred in 1921 to the Board of Trade which had a small Food Department between the wars. This became its Food (Defence Plans) Department in 1937 and was then constituted as the Ministry of Food on the outbreak of war in 1939. '' Jamie's Ministry of Foo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miriam Homersham
Miriam Margarey Homersham (1892 – 1936) an English accountant who was a co-founder of Women's Pioneer Housing and one of the first English women to start an accountancy practice. Education Educated at Sutton High School, she studied at St Hugh’s College, Oxford from 1909 – 1912, taking First Class honours in English with a specialism in Old Norse. Her degree was later awarded in Oxford's first degree ceremony for women in 1920. Career After working as a teacher in England and America, Homersham was prompted to train as an accountant by the new opportunities for women after World War I. She earned a gold medal as a member of the Central Association of Accountants, and then joined the Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors in 1922, being elected a Fellow in 1925. Homersham established an accountancy practice in her own name in London. This later became Homersham & Watts with Ethel Watts Ethel Watts Mumford (1876/1878 – 1940) was an American author from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fawcett Society
The Fawcett Society is a membership charity in the United Kingdom which campaigns for women's rights. The organisation dates back to 1866, when Millicent Garrett Fawcett dedicated her life to the peaceful campaign for women's suffrage. From 1907 it was known as the London Society for Women’s Suffrage, but had several subsequent name changes. Between 1919 and 1926 it was known as the London Society for Women’s Service, and from 1926-1953 as the London & National Society for Women’s Service. In 1953 it was renamed the Fawcett Society. It is a charity registered with the Charity Commission and has a membership of around 3,000. Its supporters include Carrie Gracie, Emma Thompson, and Ophelia Lovibond. The organisation's vision is a society in which women and girls in all their diversity are equal and free to fulfil their potential, creating a stronger, happier, better future for all. Its key areas of campaign work include equal pay, equal power, tackling gender norms and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equal Pay Campaign Committee
The Equal Pay Campaign Committee (1941–1956) (EPCC) was a UK women's organisation, formed to redress the issue of unequal pay for women.'''' As the fight for Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom was being won, a number of women's organisations in the 1920s began to lobby for equal pay for women. The Depression had resulted in women workers often being blamed for unemployment amongst men and many trade unions became openly hostile to improving women's pay.'''' Precursor The Second World War saw the 1941 Personal Injuries (Civilians) Scheme perpetuate gender inequality; women unable to work due to wartime injuries were offered less compensation than men, reflecting their lower rates of pay. The Scheme was opposed by women's organisations and action was co-ordinated by the National Association of Women Civil Servants and the British Federation of Business & Professional Women. To co-ordinate their oppositionthe 'Equal Compensation for War Injury for Men and Women Campaign Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wimbledon, London
Wimbledon () is a suburb of southwest London, England, southwest of Charing Cross; it is the main commercial centre of the London Borough of Merton. Wimbledon had a population of 68,189 in 2011 which includes the electoral wards of Abbey, Wimbledon Town and Dundonald, Hillside, Wandle, Village, Raynes Park and Wimbledon Park. It is home to the Wimbledon Championships and New Wimbledon Theatre, and contains Wimbledon Common, one of the largest areas of common land in London. The residential and retail area is split into two sections known as the "village" and the "town", with the High Street being the rebuilding of the original medieval village, and the "town" having first developed gradually after the building of the railway station in 1838. Wimbledon has been inhabited since at least the Iron Age when the hill fort on Wimbledon Common is thought to have been constructed. In 1086 when the Domesday Book was compiled, Wimbledon was part of the manor of Mortlake. The ownership of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Harris Smith
Mary Harris Smith (27 November 1844 – 13 October 1934) was an accountant and entrepreneur. She became the first woman to complete the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales qualification but was denied membership because she was a woman. When the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act was passed in 1919, Harris Smith became the world's first female Chartered Accountant. Early life Mary Harris Smith was born to Susanna and Henry Smith in Kingsland, London in November 1844. She developed an interest in accounting from helping her banker father with bookkeeping work that he brought home. When Harris Smith was sixteen, she studied mathematics at King's College School. She went on to take some of the first bookkeeping classes run by the Society for Promoting the Employment of Women (SPEW) in 1860. Career Smith worked for a mercantile firm in the City of London for nine years and then went to work as an accountant for the Royal School of Art Needlework. She als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Chartered Accountants In England And Wales
The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) is a professional membership organisation that promotes, develops and supports chartered accountants and students around the world. As of December 2024, it has over 210,000 members and students in 150 countries. ICAEW was established by Royal Charter in 1880. Overview The institute is a member of the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies (CCAB), formed in 1974 by the major accountancy professional bodies in the UK and Ireland. The fragmented nature of the accountancy profession in the UK is in part due to the absence of any legal requirement for an accountant to be a member of one of the many Institutes, as the term ''accountant'' does not have legal protection. However, a person must belong to ICAEW, ICAS or CAI to hold themselves out as a '' chartered accountant'' in the UK (although there are other chartered bodies of British qualified accountants whose members are likewise authorised to conduct re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1895 Births
Events January * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason. * January 6 – The Wilcox rebellion, an attempt led by Robert Wilcox to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii and restore the Kingdom of Hawaii, begins with royalist troops landing at Waikiki Beach in O'ahu and clashing with republican defenders. The rebellion ends after three days and the remaining 190 royalists are taken prisoners of war. * January 12 – Britain's National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded by Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley. * January 13 – First Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians. * January 15 – A warehouse fire and dynamite explosion kills 57 people, including 13 firefighters in Butt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
