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Escadrille 37
''Escadrille 37'' of the French Air Force was established at Chateauford, France in January 1915. Its original equipment of Morane-Saulniers led to its original designation of ''Escadrille MS 37''. History Initially, Escadrille MS 37 was posted to support ''II Armee'' of the French Army. During July, it began the transition to Nieuport two-seaters which would lead to its being redubbed ''Escadrille N 37'' on 20 September 1915.Franks, Bailey 1992, p. 92. In Spring 1916, the ''escadrille'' converted to Nieuport 11s. On 2 July 1916, the unit was forwarded to support ''VI Armee''. The ad hoc ''Groupement de Chasse de Cachy'' was there with its four assigned ''Escadrilles''; ''N 37'' and two other ''escadrilles'' were temporarily attached to the ''groupement''. In January 1917, ''Escadrille N.37'' transferred to ''III Armee''. In early March, it moved to ''IV Armee''. At the same time, it began to rearm with SPADs; this would lead to its later redesignation as ''Escadrille SPA 37''. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roundel Of The French Air Force Before 1945
A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also commonly used to refer to a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular in shape and usually comprising concentric rings of different colours. Other symbols also often use round shapes. Heraldry In heraldry, a ''roundel'' is a circular charge. ''Roundels'' are among the oldest charges used in coats of arms, dating from at least the twelfth century. Roundels in British heraldry have different names depending on their tincture. Thus, while a roundel may be blazoned by its tincture, e.g., ''a roundel vert'' (literally "a roundel green"), it is more often described by a single word, in this case ''pomme'' (literally "apple", from the French) or, from the same origins, ''pomeis''—as in "Vert; on a cross Or five pomeis". One special example of a named roundel is the fountain, depicted as ''a roundel barry wavy argent and azure'', that is, containing alternating horiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mentioned In Despatches
To be mentioned in dispatches (or despatches, MiD) describes a member of the armed forces whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which their gallant or meritorious action in the face of the enemy is described. In some countries, a service member's name must be mentioned in dispatches as a condition for receiving certain decorations. United Kingdom, British Empire, and Commonwealth of Nations Servicemen and women of the British Empire or the Commonwealth who are mentioned in despatches (MiD) are not awarded a medal for their actions, but receive a certificate and wear an oak leaf device on the ribbon of the appropriate campaign medal. A smaller version of the oak leaf device is attached to the ribbon when worn alone. Prior to 2014, only one device could be worn on a ribbon, irrespective of the number of times the recipient was mentioned in despatches. Where no campaign medal is awarded, the oak leaf is worn direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Binhou
Zhu Binhou (; 4 December 1885 – 1940?), also known as Etienne Tsu, was an early Chinese aviator. Born in Shanghai, Zhu was a son of the prominent banker Zhu Zhiyao ( 朱志尧, a.k.a. Nicolas Tsu). He left for France to study mechanical engineering at the Université Lille 1, graduating in 1903. As he was fascinated with the design and operation of automobiles and ships, 1903 also brought about the revolutionary advent of the controlled, sustained, and powered heavier-than-air machines, which had driven Zhu Binhou into this new frontier of human flight. Zhu Binhou gained his aviator's license, issued by the Aero Club de France, in 1914 at the beginning of World War I, and joined, as part of the French Foreign Legion, Escadrille SPA.37 of the French Air Service in 1915; he is credited with downing five German aircraft and observation balloon An observation balloon is a type of balloon that is employed as an aerial platform for intelligence gathering and artillery spot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Lienhart
Adjutant Georges Frederic Lienhart was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. Biography See also Aerial victory standards of World War I Georges Frederic Lienhart was born in Rougegoutte, France on 1 June 1886. He began his mandatory military service on 9 October 1907 as an infantryman. He was mobilized from the reserves at the start of World War I, to serve as a foot soldier.''Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918'', p. 186 He was sent to pilot training on 4 March 1916. His Military Pilot's Brevet was issued to him on 29 July 1916. After advanced training, he was posted to ''Escadrille F.216'' on 13 October 1916. After serving there, on 29 March 1917, he was sent for further instruction as a fighter pilot. On 25 April 1917, he was promoted to Adjutant. He then served with the ''X Armee'' in Italy. On 30 May 1918, he was posted to ''Escadrille SPA.37''. While with them, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernand Guyou
Sous Lieutenant Fernand Eugene Guyou was a World War I flying ace credited with twelve aerial victories. Early life Fernand Eugene Guyou was born in Champigny-sur-Marne, France on 7 January 1891. World War I service Infantry service Guyou was serving as an enlisted Brigadier in the cavalry reserves when war began. On 3 September 1914, he was assigned the duties of mounted scout for the 46eme Régiment d'Infanterie. On 12 October, he was promoted to Maréchal-des-logis. On 12 April 1915, he was transferred to 8eme Régiment de Chasseurs. On 20 December 1915, he was sent for pilot's training. He earned Military Pilot's Brevet No. 2697, awarded on 17 February 1916. Flying service His initial flying assignment on 26 May 1916 was with Escadrille N49 (the 'N' signifying the squadron operated Nieuports). He moved on to Escadrille N15 on 12 August; on 23 September, he was severely wounded in action. Upon his recovery, he reported for reassignment on 20 December 1916. On 17 January 191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Barny De Romanet
Lieutenant Bernard Henri Barny de Romanet (28 January 1894 – 23 September 1921) was a French World War I flying ace credited with 18 aerial victories. Barny de Romanet was born in Saint-Maurice-de-Satonnay, Saône-et-Loire, and was educated at the Collège des Minimes, Chalon-sur-Saône, and then at the Collège des Montgré in Villefranche-sur-Saône, gaining his baccalauréat before going on to study at the Lycée Lamartine at Mâcon. He joined the French army in October 1913, serving in the ''16e Régiment de Chasseurs'', a cavalry unit, at the beginning of the war, later transferring to the ''56e Régiment d'Infanterie''. He transferred into the French air service in July 1915. Six months later, in January 1916, de Romanet received his brevet (permit) as a pilot. His first assignment to ''Escadrille 51'' as a Caudron reconnaissance pilot. He trained as a fighter pilot in February 1917 and made the transition to flying single-seater Nieuport fighters for ''Escadrille 37''. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolphe Pegoud
''Adolphe'' is a classic French novel by Benjamin Constant, first published in 1816. It tells the story of an alienated young man, Adolphe, who falls in love with an older woman, Ellénore, the Polish mistress of the Comte de P***. Their illicit relationship serves to isolate them from their friends and from society at large. The book eschews all conventional descriptions of exteriors for the sake of detailed accounts of feelings and states of mind. Constant began the novel on 30 October 1806, and completed it some time before 1810. While still working on it he read drafts to individual acquaintances and to small audiences, and after its first publication in London and Paris in June 1816 it went through three further editions: in July 1816 (new preface), July 1824 in Paris (restorations to Ch. 8, third preface), and in 1828. Many variants appear, mostly alterations to Constant's somewhat archaic spelling and punctuation. Plot summary Adolphe, the narrator, is the son of a go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Poupon
''Capitaine'' (later Colonel) Roger Poupon was a French World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories.The Aerodrome websiteRetrieved 29 August 2020 Biography See also Aerial victory standards of World War I Roger Poupon was born in Clermont-Ferrand, France on 1 December 1888.''Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918'', p. 209 Poupon performed his required military service as an enlisted cavalryman from 1 October 1909 to 24 September 1911, then was passed to the reserves. On 1 August 1914, as part of the French mobilization for World War I, he was recalled to active duty. By 13 October 1914, he had been commissioned as a temporary ''Sous lieutenant''. He was confirmed in this rank on 5 January 1916. On 6 November 1916, he was forwarded for pilot's training. On 26 January 1917, he graduated with his Military Pilot's Brevet. After advanced instruction, he was posted to a combat unit, ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société Pour L'Aviation Et Ses Dérivés
Lactalis is a French multinational dairy products corporation, owned by the Besnier family and based in Laval, Mayenne, France. The company's former name was Besnier SA. Lactalis is the largest dairy products group in the world, and is the second largest food products group in France, behind Danone. It owns brands such as Parmalat, Président, Siggi's Dairy, Skånemejerier, Rachel's Organic, and Stonyfield Farm. History André Besnier started a small cheesemaking company in 1933 and launched its ''Président'' brand of Camembert in 1968. In 1990, it acquired Group Bridel (2,300 employees, 10 factories, fourth-largest French dairy group) with a presence in 60 countries. In 1992, it acquired United States cheese company Sorrento. In 1999, ''la société Besnier'' became ''le groupe Lactalis'' owned by Belgian holding company BSA International SA. In 2006, they bought Italian group Galbani, and in 2008, bought Swiss cheesemaker Baer. They bought Italian group Parmalat in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Air Service
The French Air and Space Force (AAE) (french: Armée de l'air et de l'espace, ) is the air and space force of the French Armed Forces. It was the first military aviation force in history, formed in 1909 as the , a service arm of the French Army; it became an independent military branch in 1934 as the French Air Force. On 10 September 2020, it assumed its current name, the French Air and Space Force, to reflect an "evolution of its mission" into the area of outer space. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air and Space Force varies depending on the source; the Ministry of Armed Forces gives a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. According to 2018 data, this figure includes 210 combat aircraft: 115 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 95 Dassault Rafale. As of 2021, the French Air and Space Force employs a total of 40,500 regular personnel, with a reserve element of 5,187 in 2014. The Chief of Staff of the French Air and Space Force (CEMAAE) is a direct subordinate of the Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ad Hoc
Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally 'to this'. In English, it typically signifies a solution for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a generalized solution adaptable to collateral instances. (Compare with '' a priori''.) Common examples are ad hoc committees and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task. In other fields, the term could refer to, for example, a military unit created under special circumstances (see '' task force''), a handcrafted network protocol (e.g., ad hoc network), a temporary banding together of geographically-linked franchise locations (of a given national brand) to issue advertising coupons, or a purpose-specific equation. Ad hoc can also be an adjective describing the temporary, provisional, or improvised methods to deal with a particular problem, the tendency of which has given rise to the noun ''adhocism''. Styling Style guides disagree on whether Latin phrases like ad hoc should be italici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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