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Erysimum Nevadense
''Erysimum nevadense'' is a perennial short-lived herb endemic to the Sierra Nevada of Spain, although there are some citations in the nearby Sierra de Gádor (Almería Almería (, , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of the same name. It lies on southeastern Iberia on the Mediterranean Sea. Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city gr ...). This Erysimum, wallflower occurs between 1,700 and 2,700 m above sea level in subalpine scrublands and alpine meadows. It may be treated as a narrowly Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed single species, one of a group or complex of six separate species, or as a more broadly circumscribed species with six subspecies. Description ''Erysimum nevadense'' Sensu, sensu stricto (Synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Erysimum nevadense'' subsp. ''nevadense'') is a Biennial plant, biennial or perennial plant, generally branched with multiple flowering stems, usually less th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges François Reuter
Georges François Reuter (30 November 1805 – 23 May 1872) was a French botanist and plant collector. He was born in Paris, and died in Geneva. Initially an engraver, in 1835 he switched vocations and dedicated his time and energy towards botany. Beginning in 1835 he worked as a curator of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle's herbarium, and from 1841 to 1849, he was curator of Pierre Edmond Boissier's herbarium. He also collaborated with Boissier on numerous projects that included various plant collection trips. From 1849 until his death, he was director of the botanical garden in Geneva.BHL Taxonomic literature : a selective guide to botanical publications In 1838 the botanical genus ''Reutera'' was named in his honor by Boissier. Published works * "Diagnoses plantarum novarum hispanicarum praesertim in Castell ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Polatschek
Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name used in German-speaking countries, Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Flanders, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Latin America and to a lesser extent in various Central European and East European countries with non-Germanic languages, such as Lithuanian Adolfas and Latvian Ādolfs. Adolphus can also appear as a surname, as in John Adolphus, the English historian. The female forms Adolphine and Adolpha are far more rare than the male names. The name is a compound derived from the Old High German ''Athalwolf'' (or ''Hadulf''), a composition of ''athal'', or ''adal'', meaning "noble" (or '' had(u)''-, meaning "battle, combat"), and ''wolf''. The name is cognate to the Anglo-Saxon name '' Æthelwulf'' (also Eadulf or Eadwulf). The name can also be derived from the ancient Germanic elements "Wald" meaning "power", "brightness" and wolf (Waldwulf). Due to negative associations with Adolf H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diptera
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they mature. Etymology The name Hymenoptera refers to the wings of the insects, but the original derivation is ambiguous. All references agree that the derivation involves the Ancient Greek πτερόν (''pteron'') for wing. The Ancient Greek ὑμήν (''hymen'') for membrane provides a plausible etymology for the term because species in this order have membranous wings. However, a key characteristic of this order is that the hindwings are co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysimum Merxmuelleri
''Erysimum merxmuelleri'' is a biennial or short-lived perennial plant native from eastern Portugal to western Spain. It has been treated as one of a complex of six species making up the ''nevadense'' group, or as ''Erysimum nevadense'' subsp. ''merxmuelleri''. Taxonomy ''Erysimum merxmuelleri'' was one of a number of new ''Erysimum'' species first described by Adolf Polatschek in 1979. Six of these, including ''E. merxmuelleri'', were considered to be closely related and were reduced to subspecies of '' E. nevadense'' in ''Flora Europaea'', a decision explained by Peter William Ball in 1990. The six were treated as separate species making up the ''E. nevadense'' group or complex in ''Flora Iberica'' in 1993. A molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysimum Fitzii
''Erysimum fitzii'' is a biennial or short-lived perennial plant native to southern Spain. It has been treated as one of a complex of six species making up the ''nevadense'' group, or as ''Erysimum nevadense'' subsp. ''fitzii''. Taxonomy ''Erysimum fitzii'' was one of a number of new ''Erysimum'' species first described by Adolf Polatschek in 1979. Six of these, including ''E. fitzii'', were considered to be closely related and were reduced to subspecies of '' E. nevadense'' in ''Flora Europaea'', a decision explained by Peter William Ball in 1990. The six were treated as separate species making up the ''E. nevadense'' group or complex in ''Flora Iberica'' in 1993. A molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ... study published in 2014 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plants Of The World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by 2020". The initial focus was on tropical African Floras, particularly Flora Zambesiaca, Flora of West Tropical Africa and Flora of Tropical East Africa. The database uses the same taxonomical source as Kew's World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, which is the International Plant Names Index, and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP). POWO contains 1,234,000 global plant names and 367,600 images. See also *Australian Plant Name Index The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) is an online database of all published names of Australian vascular plants. It covers all names, whether current names, synonyms or invalid names. It includes bibliographic and typification details, informati ... * Convention on Biological Diversity * W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear DNA
Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. It encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. It adheres to Mendelian inheritance, with information coming from two parents, one male and one female—rather than matrilineally (through the mother) as in mitochondrial DNA. Structure Nuclear DNA is a nucleic acid, a polymeric biomolecule or biopolymer, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Its structure is a double helix, with two strands wound around each other, a structure first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson (1953) using data collected by Rosalind Franklin. Each strand is a long polymer chain of repeating nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic base. Nucleotides are distinguished by their bases: purines, large bases that include adenine and gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts. Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. This sequencing revealed that the human mtDNA includes 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. Since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and biogeography. Origin Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are thought to be of separate evolutionary origin, with the mtDNA being deri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysimum Rondae
''Erysimum rondae'' is a biennial or short-lived perennial plant native to southwestern Spain. It has been treated as one of a complex of six species making up the ''nevadense'' group, or as ''Erysimum nevadense'' subsp. ''rondae''. Taxonomy ''Erysimum rondae'' was one of a number of new ''Erysimum'' species first described by Adolf Polatschek in 1979. Six of these, including ''E. rondae'', were considered to be closely related and were reduced to subspecies of '' E. nevadense'' in ''Flora Europaea'', a decision explained by Peter William Ball in 1990. The six were treated as separate species making up the ''E. nevadense'' group or complex in ''Flora Iberica'' in 1993. A molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ... study published in 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysimum Mediohispanicum
''Erysimum mediohispanicum'' is a perennial short-lived monocarpic herb found in many montane regions of eastern Spain where it is distributed between 800–2,000 m above sea level and inhabits forests, scrublands, and shrublands. It occupies two main regions in the Iberian Peninsula, one in the north ( Soria to Lleida) and the other in the south-east (Granada, Albacete, Jaén, and Almería provinces). ''Erysimum mediohispanicum'' may be treated as one of a group or complex of six closely related species, or as ''Erysimum nevadense'' subsp. ''mediohispanicum''. Description Plant morphology is very plastic in this species. Reproductive plants produce one to eight reproductive stalks from 8 to 130 cm tall. Each flowering stalk can display between 5 and approx. 100 bright yellow (up to several hundred), hermaphroditic, slightly protandrous flowers arranged in corimbous inflorescences. Seeds germinate during early spring (March to early May). Seed germination is very high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erysimum Gomez-campoi
''Erysimum gomez-campoi'' (also spelt ''Erysimum gomezcampoi'') is a short-lived biennial or perennial plant native to southern Spain. It has been treated as one of a complex of six species making up the ''nevadense'' group, or as ''Erysimum nevadense'' subsp. ''gomez-campoi''. Taxonomy ''Erysimum gomez-campoi'' was one of a number of new ''Erysimum'' species first described by Adolf Polatschek in 1979. Six of these, including ''E. gomez-campoi'', were considered to be closely related and were reduced to subspecies of '' E. nevadense'' in ''Flora Europaea'', a decision explained by Peter William Ball in 1990. The six were treated as separate species making up the ''E. nevadense'' group or complex in ''Flora Iberica'' in 1993. A molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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