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Erwinia Papayae
''Erwinia papayae'' is a bacteria species causing bacterial crown rot, or bacterial canker, a noteworthy and grave disease of papaya ('' Carica papaya''). Importance ''Erwinia papayae'', the bacterial pathogen responsible for the disease, was first identified in 1931 in Java, Indonesia (Gardan ''et al.'' 2004), and has since spread to papaya growing countries worldwide—from the Caribbean to South America to South East Asia (Ollitrault ''et al.'' 2007). By the late 1960s, ''E. papaya''e had appeared in the West Indies, where it obliterated all the yields of the papaya cultivar ‘Solo,’ which because of its high fruit yields and quality was the only one grown in the fields (Ollitrault ''et al.'' 2007). Papayas are significant cash crops for the papaya-growing countries because of their rapid generation, high yields, and large market demand both locally and internationally (Ollitrault ''et al.'' 2007). In Malaysia, where the disease has plagued farmers for over a decade, papaya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carica Papaya
The papaya (, ), papaw, () or pawpaw () is the plant species ''Carica papaya'', one of the 21 accepted species in the genus ''Carica'' of the family Caricaceae, and also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and Central America. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. In 2022, India produced 38% of the world's supply of papayas. Etymology The word ''papaya'' derives from the Caribbean Taíno "paapaía" and is also the name for the plant. Some etymologists argue that the word comes from the Mayan "páapay-ya", which means "mottled sapote". However, the most commonly accepted etymology is the Taíno one, although it is possible that both word origins are interrelated. The name ''papaw'' or ''pawpaw'' is used alternatively for the fruit only in some regions, that name generally referring to ''Asimina triloba'', an unrelated tree and fruit. Description The papaya is a small, sparsely b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wet Rot
Wet rot is a generic term used to define a variety of fungal species, such as '' Coniophora puteana'' ( otherwise known as cellar fungus) and '' Choanephora cucurbitarum''. Some species obtain their food by breaking down the cell walls of wood, resulting in a loss of its strength. This can cause problems in the structural integrity of structures. The species ''C. cucurbitarum'' affects the flowers and fruit of crops, such as amaranthus and okra Okra (, ), ''Abelmoschus esculentus'', known in some English-speaking countries as lady's fingers, is a flowering plant in the Malvaceae, mallow family native to East Africa. Cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions aro .... The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that “In addition, mold exposure can irritate the eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs of both mold-allergic and non-allergic people.” See also * Dry rot References External links * * Fungi by adaptation Wood decomposition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Tree Pathogens And Diseases
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in mutualistic, commensal and para ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
