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Erskine Holmes
Joseph Erskine Holmes (born February 1940) is a politician in Northern Ireland. Background Holmes was educated at Annadale Grammar School and attended Queen's University Belfast.''The Times Guide to the House of Commons: February 1974'', p.53 He chaired the Queen's University Labour Group in the early 1960s, serving alongside Michael Farrell and Eamonn McCann. On graduating, he became a teacher, and stood for the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP) in several elections. For Westminster, Holmes stood in Belfast South at the 1966, taking 34.6% and second place, the NILP's best ever result in the seat. At the 1970 general election, he instead stood in Armagh, then back in Belfast South at the February and October 1974 general elections.South Belfast 1973-1984
, Northern Ireland Elections
He also stood in
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Belfast
Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel. It is the second-largest city in Ireland (after Dublin), with an estimated population of in , and a Belfast metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of 671,559. First chartered as an English settlement in 1613, the town's early growth was driven by an influx of Scottish people, Scottish Presbyterian Church in Ireland, Presbyterians. Their descendants' disaffection with Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland's Protestant Ascendancy, Anglican establishment contributed to the Irish Rebellion of 1798, rebellion of 1798, and to the Acts of Union 1800, union with Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain in 1800—later regarded as a key to the town's industrial transformation. When granted City status in the United Kingdom#Northern Ireland, city s ...
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1965 Northern Ireland General Election
The 1965 Northern Ireland general election was held on 25 November 1965. Like all previous elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, it produced a large majority for the Ulster Unionist Party. Results ''All parties shown. The only independent candidate was elected unopposed.'' ''Electorate: 907,667 (563,252 in contested seats); Turnout: 57.6% (324,589).'' Votes summary Seats summary See also * List of members of the 11th House of Commons of Northern Ireland Notes ReferencesNorthern Ireland Parliamentary Election Results {{Northern Ireland elections 1965 Northern Ireland general election Northern Ireland general election General election A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from By-election, by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. Gener ...
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Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party, often referred to as Labour, is a List of political parties in the United Kingdom, political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the Centre-left politics, centre-left of the political spectrum. The party has been described as an alliance of social democrats, democratic socialists and trade unionists. It is one of the Two-party system, two dominant political parties in the United Kingdom; the other being the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party. Labour has been led by Keir Starmer since 2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK), 2020, who became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom following the 2024 United Kingdom general election, 2024 general election. To date, there have been 12 Labour governments and seven different Labour Prime Ministers – Ramsay MacDonald, MacDonald, Clement Attlee, Attlee, Harold Wilson, Wilson, James Callaghan, Callaghan, Tony Blair, Blair, Gordon Brown, Brown and Starmer. The Labour Party was founded in 1900, having e ...
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Co-operative Press
The Co-operative Press is a cooperative, co-operative whose principal activity is the publication of ''Co-op News''. The society's stated mission is to "connect, champion and challenge the global co-operative movement". The co-operative's members are the subscribers of ''Co-op News''. Founded in Manchester in 1873, the Co-operative Press is still headquartered in the city, at Holyoake House. The society was first incorporated as the Co-operative Newspaper Society by a group of co-operative societies to take on the publishing of ''The Co-operative News''. Printing was carried out by the Co-operative Printing Society. In 1921 the society merged with the Scottish Co-operative Newspaper Society and renamed itself as the National Co-operative Publishing Society, before taking on its current name – the Co-operative Press – in 1935. In 1971 the Society took over the co-operative Birmingham Printers, and in 1972 merged with the Co-operative Printing Society. Publications ''Co- ...
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Independent (politician)
An independent politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party and therefore they choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In some cases, a politician may be a member of an unregistered party and therefore officially recognised as an independent. Officeholders may become independents after losing or repudiating a ...
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1990 Upper Bann By-election
The 1990 by-election in Upper Bann (UK Parliament constituency), Upper Bann was caused by the death of the sitting Ulster Unionist Party Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament Harold McCusker on 2 February 1990. The by-election was especially notable for three reasons. Firstly, the Sinn Féin candidate in the election, Sheena Campbell, was murdered by the Ulster Volunteer Force, UVF in Belfast on 16 October 1992. Eleven candidates stood in the by-election, which to date is the record for a parliamentary election in Northern Ireland. Secondly, amongst the eleven were candidates for the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party and the Social Democratic Party (UK, 1988), Social Democratic Party (SDP), both contesting parliamentary elections in Northern Ireland for the first time since the "Equal Citizenship" campaign had sought to get the major UK parties to organise in the province. Finally the successful Ulster Unionist candidate was David Trimble, who fiv ...
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1977 Northern Ireland Local Elections
Elections for Local government in Northern Ireland, local government were held in Northern Ireland in May 1977. The elections saw good performances by the four largest parties: the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), Alliance Party of Northern Ireland and Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), while smaller parties failed to make a breakthrough. The DUP took control of their first council, Ballymena (borough), Ballymena, while the UUP retained control of Banbridge (district), Banbridge. The SDLP lost control of Magherafelt District Council, Magherafelt, their only council."Four main parties do well", ''Irish Times'', 20 May 1977 Results Overall By council Antrim Ards Armagh Ballymena No election was held, as 6 candidates ran for the 6 seats. Ballymoney Banbridge Belfast Carrickfergus Castlereagh Coleraine Cookstown Craigavon Down Dungannon Ferman ...
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Belfast Area A
Area A was one of the eight district electoral areas (DEA) which existed in Belfast, Northern Ireland from 1973 to 1985. Located in the south-east of the city, the district elected seven members to Belfast City Council and contained the wards of Ballymacarrett Ballymacarrett or Ballymacarret () is the name of both a townland and electoral ward in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of Knockbreda (civil parish), Knockbreda in the historic barony (Ireland), barony of Castler ...; Ballynafeigh; Orangefield; Ormeau; Rosetta; The Mount and Willowfield. The DEA formed part of the Belfast South and Belfast East constituencies. History The area was created for the 1973 local government elections, combining the whole of the former Ormeau ward with most of the former Pottinger ward. It was abolished for the 1985 local government elections. The Rosetta and Ballynafeigh wards became part of a new Laganbank DEA, while the remaining five wards joined the B ...
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1973 Northern Ireland Local Elections
Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 1972 Miami Dolphins season, Miami Dolphins defeated the 1972 Washington Redskins season, Washington Redskins in Super Bowl VII, with the Dolphins ending the season a perfect 17-0. This marked the first and only time that an NFL team has had a perfect undefeated season, an achievement the team holds to this day. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. President Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam. * January 17 – Ferdinand Marcos becomes President for Life of the Philippines. * January 22 ** ''Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, The Sunshine Showdown'': George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the heavyweight world boxing championship in Kingston, Jamaica. ** A Royal Jorda ...
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Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ...
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Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association
The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA; ) was an organisation that campaigned for civil rights for Irish Catholics in Northern Ireland during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Formed in Belfast on 9 April 1967,NICRA coverage
, cain.ulst.ac.uk; accessed 1 January 2016.
the civil rights campaign attempted to achieve reform by publicising, documenting, and lobbying for an end to discrimination against Catholics in areas such as elections (which were subject to gerrymandering and property requirements), discrimination in employment, in

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Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention
The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (NICC) was an elected body set up in 1975 by the United Kingdom Labour Party (UK), Labour government of Harold Wilson as an attempt to deal with constitutional issues surrounding the status of Northern Ireland. Formation of the Constitutional Convention The idea for a constitutional convention was first mooted by the Northern Ireland Office in its white paper ''The Northern Ireland Constitution'', published on 4 July 1974. The paper laid out plans for elections to a body which would seek agreement on a political settlement for Northern Ireland. The proposals became law with the enactment of the Northern Ireland Act 1974 later that month. With Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, Lord Chief Justice Robert Lowry, Baron Lowry, Robert Lowry appointed to chair the new body, elections were announced for 1 May 1975. The elections were held for the 78-member body using the single transferable vote system of proportional representatio ...
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