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Erich Fischer
Erich Horst Fischer (3 July 1910, Allenstein, East Prussia – 1969) was a German experimental physicist. He worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics (KWIP) and contributed to the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. After World War II, he helped rebuild the KWIP branch at Hechingen, was a professor at the University of Tübingen and Ankara University, and then a research scientist for the German firm GKSS. Education From 1929 to 1935, Fischer studied at the ''Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn'', the ''Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München'', and the ''Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität'' (today, the ''Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin''). He received his doctorate at the University of Berlin under Walther Nernst and A. Deubner.Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Fischer. Career After receipt of his doctorate, Fischer was a teaching assistant to W. Friedrich at the University of Berlin from 1935 to 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allenstein
Olsztyn ( , ) is a city on the Łyna River in northern Poland. It is the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, and is a city with county rights. The population of the city was estimated at 169,793 residents Olsztyn is the largest city in Warmia, and has been the capital of the voivodeship since 1999. In the same year, the University of Warmia and Masuria was founded from the fusion of three other local universities. The city is the seat of the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia. The most important sights of the city include the Old Town with the medieval Castle of Warmian Cathedral Chapter and St. James Co-cathedral, which dates back more than 600 years. The market square is part of the European Route of Brick Gothic and the co-cathedral is regarded as one of the greatest monuments of Gothic architecture in Poland. The city is also known for its association with Nicolaus Copernicus, who lived there and commanded the successful Polish defense o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hechingen
Hechingen (; Swabian: ''Hächenga'') is a town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated about south of the state capital of Stuttgart and north of Lake Constance and the Swiss border. Geography The town lies at the foot of the Swabian Alps below Hohenzollern Castle. City districts The city of Hechingen is subdivided into nine neighborhoods, and the downtown is separated into ''Oberstadt''/''Altstadt'' (Upper Town/Old Town) and ''Unterstadt'' (Lower Town). Surrounding region Other cities in the area include Bodelshausen, Mössingen, Jungingen, Bisingen, Grosselfingen, Rangendingen, and Hirrlingen. History Early history Recent research shows that the battle of Solicinium, fought in 368 between the invading Alamanni and a Roman army led by Emperor Valentinian I, probably took place in the northern part of what is today Hechingen and the lost city Solicinium was located where the Roman museum of Hechingen is located today. Middle Ages Hec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Atomic Energy Commission
The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by the U.S. Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S. Truman signed the McMahon/Atomic Energy Act on August 1, 1946, transferring the control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands, effective on January 1, 1947. This shift gave the members of the AEC complete control of the plants, laboratories, equipment, and personnel assembled during the war to produce the atomic bomb. An increasing number of critics during the 1960s charged that the AEC's regulations were insufficiently rigorous in several important areas, including radiation protection standards, nuclear reactor safety, plant siting, and environmental protection. By 1974, the AEC's regulatory programs had come under such strong attack that the U.S. Congress decided to abolish the AEC. The AEC was abolished by the Energ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Alsos
The Alsos Mission was an organized effort by a team of British and United States military, scientific, and intelligence personnel to discover enemy scientific developments during World War II. Its chief focus was to investigate the progress that Germany was making in the area of nuclear technology, and to seize any German nuclear resources that would either be of use to the Manhattan Project or worth denying to the Soviet Union. It also investigated German chemical and biological weapon development and the means to deliver them, and any other advanced Axis technology it was able to get information about in the course of the other investigations (such as the V-2 rocket program). The Alsos Mission was created after the September 1943 Allied invasion of Italy as part of the Manhattan Project's mission to coordinate foreign intelligence related to enemy nuclear activity. The team had a twofold assignment: search for personnel, records, material, and sites to evaluate the above progr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte
''Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte'' (''Research Reports in Nuclear Physics'') was an internal publication of the German ''Uranverein'', which was initiated under the ''Heereswaffenamt'' (Army Ordnance Office) in 1939; in 1942, supervision of the ''Uranverein'' was turned over to the Reichsforschungsrat under the Reichserziehungsministerium. Reports in this publication were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. Many of the reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the Niels Bohr Library of the American Institute of Physics. Many of them are reprinted and transcribed in the book "''Collected Works / Gesammelte Werke''" listed below which is available in most libraries. There are reports ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara University
Ankara University () is a public university, public research university in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. It was the first higher education institution founded in Turkey after the History of the Republic of Turkey, formation of the Turkish republic in 1923. History Ankara University was established by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of Turkey, and is one of the country’s leading educational institutions. The university's history dates back to the founding of the Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science in 1859, which was originally established in Istanbul as an institution to educate the Ottoman Empire's bureaucracy. The faculty underwent various transformations over time. Initially known as ''Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane'' under the Ministry of the Interior (Turkey), Turkish Ministry of the Interior, it was later renamed ''Mekteb-i Mülkiye'' in 1918 under the Ministry of National Education (Turkey), Turkish Ministry of Education ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Tübingen
The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen (; ), is a public research university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The University of Tübingen is one of eleven German Excellence Universities. The University of Tübingen is especially known as a centre for the study of plant biology, medicine, law, archeology, ancient cultures, philosophy, theology, religious studies, humanities, and more recently as a center of excellence for artificial intelligence. The university's noted alumni and faculty include presidents, a pope, EU Commissioners, judges of the Federal Constitutional Court, and Johannes Kepler. The university is associated with eleven List of Nobel laureates, Nobel laureates, especially in the fields of medicine and chemistry. History The University of Tübingen was founded in 1477 by Count Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg, Eberhard V (Eberhard im Bart, 1445–1496), later the first Duke of Württemberg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Ritter
Oskar Ritter (born 1913, date of death unknown) was a German physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. Education Ritter studied at the '' Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'' and the ''Universität Leipzig''. In 1943, he received his doctorate in physics under Robert Döpel at Leipzig. Career Ritter worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the ''Uranverein''. In the latter years of World War II, Berlin scientific organizations moved equipment and personnel out of the city to escape effects of Allied air raids. The ''Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik'' (KWIP, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, today, the '' Max-Planck Institut für Physik'') had partly evacuated to Hechingen and Haigerloch in southern Germany. The ''Uranmaschine'' (nuclear reactor) B 8 (B-VIII) was constructed in Haigerloch. The construction of the reactor utilized 1.5 tons of heavy water, 1.5 tons of uranium, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Herbert Jensen
Peter Herbert Jensen (28 November 1913, Göttingen – 17 August 1955, Quend) was a German experimental nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, known as the ''Uranverein''. After the war, he was a department director in the high-voltage section of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, in Mainz, and a supernumerary professor at the University of Mainz. Education From 1932 to 1938, Jensen studied at the '' Universität Göttingen'' and the ''Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg''. He received his doctorate in 1938, under Georg Joos at the University of Göttingen. Career In 1938, Jensen was a volunteer in Walther Bothe's ''Institut für Physik'' at the ''Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für medizinische Forschung'' (KWImF, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research, reorganized and renamed in 1948 the Max-Planck Institut für medizinische Forschung), in Heidelberg. He was a teaching assistant there to Walther Bothe from 1939 to 1946. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walther Bothe
Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe (; 8 January 1891 – 8 February 1957) was a German physicist who shared the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics with Max Born "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith". He served in the military during World War I from 1914, and he was a prisoner of war of the Russians, returning to Germany in 1920. Upon his return to the laboratory, he developed and applied coincidence circuits to the study of nuclear reactions, such as the Compton effect, cosmic rays, and the wave–particle duality of radiation. In 1930, he became a full professor and director of the physics department at the University of Giessen. In 1932, he became director of the Physical and Radiological Institute at the University of Heidelberg. He was driven out of this position by elements of the '' deutsche Physik'' movement. To preclude his emigration from Germany, he was appointed director of the Physics Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research (KW ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Wirtz
Karl Eugen Julius Wirtz (24 April 1910 – 12 February 1994) was a German nuclear physicist, born in Cologne. He was arrested by the allied British and American Armed Forces and incarcerated at Farm Hall for six months in 1945 under Operation Epsilon. Education From 1929 to 1934, Wirtz studied physics, chemistry, and mathematics at the University of Bonn, the Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, and the University of Breslau. He received his doctorate in 1934 under C. Schäfer. From 1935 to 1937, he was a teaching assistant to Carl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer at the University of Leipzig. During this period, he became a member of the Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund (''NSLB'', ''National Socialist Teachers League''), but not the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (''NSDAP, National Socialist German Workers Party''). Some of the more established scientists, such as Max von Laue, could demonstrate more autonomy than the younger and less established scientists. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fritz Bopp
Friedrich Arnold "Fritz" Bopp (27 December 1909 – 14 November 1987) was a German theoretical physicist who contributed to nuclear physics and quantum field theory. He worked at the '' Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik'' and with the ''Uranverein''. He was a professor at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and a President of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. He signed the Göttingen Manifesto. Education From 1929 to 1934, Bopp studied physics at the Goethe University Frankfurt and the University of Göttingen. He completed his Diplom thesis in 1933 under the mathematician Hermann Weyl. In 1934, he became an ''Assistant'' (Assistant) at Göttingen. In 1937, Bopp completed his doctorate on the subject of Compton scattering under the physicist Fritz Sauter. From 1936 to 1941, he was a teaching assistant at Breslau University. In 1941, Bopp completed his ''Habilitationsschrift'' under Erwin Fues on the subject of a consistent field theory of the electron.Hentsche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
