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Ercole Manfredi
Ercole Pietro Manfredi (2 July 1883 – 9 June 1973) was an Italian people, Italian architect who lived and worked in early twentieth-century Siam (now Thailand). Born in Turin, Italy, he attended the Accademia Albertina, Albertina Academy of Fine Arts before travelling to Bangkok, where he was one of many Westerners employed by the Siamese government. He made significant career progress through the court of King Vajiravudh, but left government office to work privately as the country was going through political change which Siamese Revolution of 1932, abolished absolute monarchy and decreased government employment of foreigners. However, by adopting a Thai identity and way of life, marrying a Thai woman and settling down permanently, Manfredi remained a relevant and respected figure in Thai architecture, and later became a lecturer at Chulalongkorn University. His works include various royal residences and public institutions, ranging in style from Venetian Gothic architecture, V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turin
Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is mainly on the western bank of the Po (river), River Po, below its Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga hill. The population of the city proper is 856,745 as of 2025, while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million. The city was historically a major European political centre. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy, and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865. Turin is sometimes called "the cradle of Italian liberty" for having been the politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeological
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, archaeological site, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. It is usually considered an independent academic discipline, but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach), history or geography. The discipline involves Survey (archaeology), surveying, Archaeological excavation, excavation, and eventually Post excavation, analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Archaeologists study human prehistory and history, from the development of the first stone tools at Lomekwi in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The White Elephant
__NOTOC__ The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant (; ) is an order (decoration), order of Thailand. It was established in 1861 by King Mongkut, Rama IV of the Thailand, Kingdom of Siam. Along with the Order of the Crown of Thailand, it is regularly awarded to any government official for services rendered to Thailand for five years, making it Thailand's most-commonly awarded order. the order features the three-headed Airavata, the mount of Śakra (Buddhism), Sakra, or a White elephant (animal), white elephant. Classes The order consists of eight classes: Gallery Old designs File:Woodcraving of the Order of the White Elephant,1st Class (Maha Varabhorn), Wat Ratchabophit.jpg, A woodcarving of "Maha Varabhorn", the Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Order of the White Elephant, version that was used from 1869 to 1909, at the gates of Phra Vihara of Wat Ratchabophit, Wat Ratchabophit Sathit Maha Simaram, Bangkok. File:Mother-of-pearl inlay of the Order of the White Elepha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dushdi Mala Medal
The Dushdi Mala Medal (, ) is a civil decoration in the honours system of Thailand, and the highest-ranked medal among those granted for services to the state. The award was established by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1882 to celebrate the centennial of the Rattanakosin Kingdom. Originally given in five categories, each with an associated pin attached as a medal bar, today it is only awarded for distinguished services in the domains of the arts and sciences, which is denoted by the Pin of Arts and Science (Sinlapa Witthaya). History Thailand's modern honours system was established by King Mongkut (Rama IV, r. 1851–1868) and formalized by King Chulalongkorn in 1869. In 1882, to celebrate the centennial of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, Chulalongkorn created the Order of the Royal House of Chakri and the Dushdi Mala Medal. While the royal order would be granted only to members of the Royal Family, the medal was to be awarded for merit, both to military personnel and civilians, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Crown Of Siam
The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand (; ) is a Thai order, established in 1869 by King Rama V of The Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) for Thais, the royal family, governmental employees, and foreign dignitaries for their outstanding services to the Kingdom of Thailand. The order originally had seven classes. The special class was added by King Rama VI in 1918. Formerly called The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Siam. Classes The Order consists of eight classes: Gallery Old designs File:027 Badge (9180237745).jpg, A woodcarving of "Maha Surabhorn", the Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Order of the Crown of Siam, version that was used from 1869 to 1909, at the gates of Phra Vihara of Wat Ratchabophit Sathit Maha Simaram, Bangkok. File:028 Mother of Pearl Badge (9180231639).jpg, A mother-of-pearl inlay of "Maha Surabhorn", the Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Order of the Crown of Siam, version that was used from 1869 to 1909, at the gates of Phra Uposath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Institute Of Thailand
The Royal Society (; ; ) is the national academy of Thailand responsible for academic works of the Thai government. The secretariat of the society is the Office of the Royal Society (; ), formerly known as the Royal Institute (; ). The office is an independent agency of the government, but subject to the supervision of the prime minister. Members of the society consist of associate fellows, fellows, and honorary fellows. The associate fellows are academicians selected and appointed by the society. The fellows are associate fellows selected by the society and appointed by the monarch upon advice of the prime minister. The honorary fellows are prominent academicians selected by the society and appointed in the same way as the fellows. The society is known for its roles in the planning and regulation of the Thai language, as well as its many publications, particularly the '' Royal Institute Dictionary'', the official and prescriptive dictionary of the Thai language, and the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wild Tiger Corps
The Wild Tiger Corps () was a national paramilitary corps founded in Thailand in 1911 by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI). Inspired by the British Volunteer Force, it was intended to maintain civil order. The unit brought its Thai name from the ''Suea Pa Maew Mong'' unit founded by King Naresuan around 1600. History The corps was meant to be a nationwide paramilitary corps, answerable only to the King. At first a ceremonial guard unit, it became a military force of 4,000 within its first year. Filled with commoners, the King would often socialize with them openly. The corps eventually rivalled the army in strength and the civil service in influence. The King even went so far as appointing some to high ranks in the army and nobility. The Wild Tiger Corps specialize in protecting the King and his family, protect the palace, hand-to-hand combat, melee combat with weapons, use of firearms, and some specialize in undercover operations in order to spy on intelligence that could pose a thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
