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Epigenetics Of Physical Exercise
Epigenetics of physical exercise is the study of epigenetic modifications to the cell genome resulting from physical exercise. Environmental factors, including physical exercise, have been shown to have a beneficial influence on epigenetic modifications. Generally, it has been shown that acute and long-term exercise has a significant effect on DNA methylation, an important aspect of epigenetic modifications. The broader field of epigenetics studies heritable alterations to genes that do not involve changing the DNA sequence itself. The next section briefly discusses two important mechanisms involved in epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic modifications Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications alter DNA accessibility and change chromatin structure, thereby regulating patterns of gene expression. These modifications can be heritable, thus passing from parent to offspring. As mentioned previously, environmental factors can modulate epigenetic alte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histone Tails Set For Transcriptional Activation
In biology, histones are highly Base (chemistry), basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaea, Archaeal Phylum, phyla. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. Histones prevent DNA from becoming tangled and protect it from DNA damage. In addition, histones play important roles in gene regulation and DNA replication. Without histones, unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long. For example, each human cell has about 1.8 meters of DNA if completely stretched out; however, when wound about histones, this length is reduced to about 9 micrometers (0.09 mm) of 30 nm diameter chromatin fibers. There are five families of histones, which are designated H1/H5 (linker histones), H2, H3, and H4 (core histones). The nucleosome core is formed of two H2A-H2B protein dimer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
