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Eothyris
''Eothyris'' is a genus of extinct synapsid in the family Eothyrididae from the early Permian. It was a carnivorous insectivorous animal, closely related to ''Oedaleops''. Only the skull of ''Eothyris'', first described in 1937, is known. It had a skull, and its total estimated length was . Eothyris is one of the most primitive synapsids known and is probably very similar to the common ancestor of all synapsids in many respects. The only known specimen of ''Eothyris'' was collected from the Artinskian-lower. Discovery and Historical Information ''Eothyris parkeyi'' was one of many new species of " pelycosaurs" discovered by Alfred Sherwood Romer as part of a series of paleontological expeditions for the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ). The genoholotype ( type specimen of a genus) and only known specimen of ''Eothyris'' is a complete skull and associated jaws, with the collection number MCZ 1161. This skull was collected about one mile west of the former Woodrum ranc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eothyris BW
''Eothyris'' is a genus of extinct synapsid in the family Eothyrididae from the early Permian. It was a carnivorous insectivorous animal, closely related to ''Oedaleops''. Only the skull of ''Eothyris'', first described in 1937, is known. It had a skull, and its total estimated length was . Eothyris is one of the most primitive synapsids known and is probably very similar to the common ancestor of all synapsids in many respects. The only known specimen of ''Eothyris'' was collected from the Artinskian-lower. Discovery and Historical Information ''Eothyris parkeyi'' was one of many new species of "pelycosaurs" discovered by Alfred Sherwood Romer as part of a series of paleontological expeditions for the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ). The genoholotype (type specimen of a genus) and only known specimen of ''Eothyris'' is a complete skull and associated jaws, with the collection number MCZ 1161. This skull was collected about one mile west of the former Woodrum ranch-house, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oedaleops
''Oedaleops'' is an extinct genus of caseasaur synapsids from the Early Permian of the southwestern United States. Fossils have been found in the Cutler Formation in New Mexico, which dates back to the Wolfcampian stage of the Early Permian. All remains belong to the single known species ''Oedaleops campi''. ''Oedaleops'' was closely related to ''Eothyris'', and both are part of the family Eothyrididae. Like ''Eothyris'', it was probably an insectivore. Discovery ''Oedaleops'' was first described by paleontologist Wann Langston Jr. in 1965 on the basis of a mostly complete skull (specimen UCMP 35758, the holotype of ''Oedaleops'') and a few isolated skull and postcranial fragments. The UCMP 35758 skull has been the sole specimen of ''Oedaleops'' used in most analyses of its evolutionary relationships. The more fragmentary specimens have been assigned to ''Oedaleops'' with caution because they are hard to distinguish from the bones of other Cutler Formation synapsids such as '' Aer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eothyrididae
Eothyrididae is an extinct family of very primitive, insectivorous synapsids. Only three genera are known, ''Eothyris'', ''Vaughnictis'' and ''Oedaleops'', all from the early Permian of North America. Their main distinguishing feature is the large caniniform tooth in front of the maxilla. Eothyridids share with the Caseidae a number of specialised features associated with the morphology of the snout and external naris and it is likely that their common ancestor was close in build to ''Eothyris''. The two together form the clade Caseasauria. ''Eothyris'' is known from a single skull specimen; ''Oedaleops'' is known from three partial skulls and some parts of some limbs. ''Vaughnictis'' is known from a partial skull, six dorsal vertebrae and some hind-limb bones. The skulls are approximately six centimeters in length, suggesting that the total length of the animals was under one meter. The species were found in the lower Permian in what is today North America. In modern cladistics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synapsid
Synapsids + (, 'arch') > () "having a fused arch"; synonymous with ''theropsids'' (Greek, "beast-face") are one of the two major groups of animals that evolved from basal amniotes, the other being the sauropsids, the group that includes reptiles and birds. The group includes mammals and every animal more closely related to mammals than to sauropsids. Unlike other amniotes, synapsids have a single temporal fenestra, an opening low in the skull roof behind each eye orbit, leaving a bony arch beneath each; this accounts for their name. The distinctive temporal fenestra developed about 318 million years ago during the Late Carboniferous period, when synapsids and sauropsids diverged, but was subsequently merged with the orbit in early mammals. Traditionally, non-mammalian synapsids were believed to have evolved from reptiles, and therefore described as mammal-like reptiles in classical systematics, and primitive synapsids were also referred to as pelycosaurs, or pelyc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelycosaur
Pelycosaur ( ) is an older term for basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsids, excluding the therapsids and their descendants. Previously, the term ''mammal-like reptile'' had been used, and pelycosaur was considered an order, but this is now thought to be incorrect, and seen as outdated. Because it excludes the advanced synapsid group Therapsida, the term is paraphyletic and contrary to modern formal naming practice. Thus the name ''pelycosaurs'', similar to the term ''mammal-like reptiles'', had fallen out of favor among scientists by the 21st century, and is only used informally, if at all, in the modern scientific literature. The terms stem mammals, protomammals, and basal or primitive synapsids are used where needed, instead. Etymology The term ''pelycosaur'' has been fairly well abandoned by paleontologists because it no longer matches the features that distinguish a clade. The modern word was created from Greek meaning 'wooden bowl' or 'axe' and meaning 'lizard'. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dundee, Texas
Dundee is an unincorporated community located in Archer County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 12 in 2010. Dundee is located within the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. History Several families were already living in the area when the town was laid out on the T Fork Ranch between 1886 and 1890. In 1890 the Wichita Valley Railway Company established a line between Wichita Falls and Seymour and constructed a three-story hotel at the station the railroad's president is said to have named for Dundee, Scotland. That year, Amanda Giddens built the first post office and became postmistress. In 1892, the town was described as a post office and station on the railway with a population of twenty-five. The railroad brought in more settlers. By 1896, the population was estimated at 199 and Dundee had two livestock dealers, a clothier, a general store, a hardware store, a seller of notions, and a Mr. Biffle who sold org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mankins, Texas
Mankins is an unincorporated community located in Archer County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 10 in 2000. Mankins is located within the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. History The area was settled around 1889. In 1890, the Wichita Valley Railway came through. It built a station to load grain and a church was built. It was originally named Lazarus Switch. The ranch was bought by Charles Mangold in 1908, who then built a store and hotel by the railroad. It was built a mile south of the ranch headquarters. The town was named after Tom Mankins, who was the foreman for the nearby Lazarus Ranch, which is north of the community. Mankins operated a general store in the area. In 1909, a post office opened. By 1914, there was a cattle breeder, three cattle feeding companies, and two cotton buyers, and around 55 people resided in the area. Oil was discovered in the 1920s. Three oilfields were operating 42 wells betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skull
The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, these two parts are the neurocranium and the viscerocranium ( facial skeleton) that includes the mandible as its largest bone. The skull forms the anterior-most portion of the skeleton and is a product of cephalisation—housing the brain, and several sensory structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. In humans these sensory structures are part of the facial skeleton. Functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to allow stereoscopic vision, and fixing the position of the ears to enable sound localisation of the direction and distance of sounds. In some animals, such as horned ungulates (mammals with hooves), the skull also has a defensive function by providing the mount (on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fang
A fang is a long, pointed tooth. In mammals, a fang is a modified maxillary tooth, used for biting and tearing flesh. In snakes, it is a specialized tooth that is associated with a venom gland (see snake venom). Spiders also have external fangs, which are part of the chelicerae. Fangs are most common in carnivores or omnivores, but some herbivores, such as fruit bats, have them as well. They are generally used to hold or swiftly kill prey, such as in large cats. Omnivorous animals, such as bears, use their fangs when hunting fish or other prey, but they are not needed for consuming fruit. Some apes also have fangs, which they use for threats and fighting. However, the relatively short canines of humans are not considered to be fangs. Fangs in religion, mythology and legend Certain mythological and legendary creatures such as dragons, gargoyles and yakshas are commonly depicted with prominent fangs. The fangs of vampires are one of their defining characteristics. The icon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tooth
A tooth ( : teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores and omnivores, also use teeth to help with capturing or wounding prey, tearing food, for defensive purposes, to intimidate other animals often including their own, or to carry prey or their young. The roots of teeth are covered by gums. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of multiple tissues of varying density and hardness that originate from the embryonic germ layer, the ectoderm. The general structure of teeth is similar across the vertebrates, although there is considerable variation in their form and position. The teeth of mammals have deep roots, and this pattern is also found in some fish, and in crocodilians. In most teleost fish, however, the teeth are attached to the outer surface of the bone, while in lizards they are attached to the inner surface of the jaw by one side. In cartilaginous fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first fossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxilla
The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw. Structure In humans, the maxilla consists of: * The body of the maxilla * Four processes ** the zygomatic process ** the frontal process of maxilla ** the alveolar process ** the palatine process * three surfaces – anterior, posterior, medial * the Infraorbital foramen * the maxillary sinus * the incisive foramen Articulations Each maxilla articulates with nine bones: * two of the cranium: the frontal and ethmoid * seven of the face: the nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
