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Environmental Defender
Environmental defenders or environmental human rights defenders are individuals or collectives who protect the environment from harms resulting from resource extraction, hazardous waste disposal, infrastructure projects, land appropriation, or other dangers. In 2019, the UN Human Rights Council unanimously recognised their importance to environmental protection. The term ''environmental defender'' is broadly applied to a diverse range of environmental groups and leaders from different cultures that all employ different tactics and hold different agendas. Use of the term is contested, as it homogenizes such a wide range of groups and campaigns, many of whom do not self-identify with the term and may not have explicit aims to protect the environment (being motivated primarily by social justice concerns). Environmental defenders involved in environmental conflicts face a wide range of threats from governments, local elites, and other powers that benefit from projects that defenders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Protection
Environmental protection, or environment protection, refers to the taking of measures to protecting the natural environment, prevent pollution and maintain ecological balance. Action may be taken by individuals, advocacy groups and governments. Objectives include the conservation of the existing natural environment and natural resources and, when possible, repair of damage and reversal of harmful trends. Due to the pressures of overconsumption, population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently. This has been recognized, and governments have begun placing restraints on activities that cause environmental degradation. Since the 1960s, environmental movements have created more awareness of the multiple environmental problems. There is disagreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity, so protection measures are occasionally debated. Approaches Voluntary agreements In industrial countries, voluntary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Defender
A land defender, land protector, or environmental defender is an Activism, activist who works to protect ecosystems and the human Right to a healthy environment, right to a safe, healthy environment. Often, defenders are members of Indigenous peoples, Indigenous communities who are protecting property rights of Ancestral domain, ancestral lands in the face of expropriation, pollution, Resource depletion, depletion, or Land degradation, destruction. Land and its resources may be considered sacred by Indigenous peoples, and caring for land is considered a duty that honors ancestors, current peoples, and future generations. Land defenders face severe persecution from powerful political and corporate alliances that profit from resource extraction. which in turn may cause pollution. The United Nations Human Rights Council determined that land defenders are "among the human rights defenders who are most exposed and at risk." Etymology During the 2016 Dakota Access Pipeline protes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Political Ecology
The ''Journal of Political Ecology'' is an annual open access peer-reviewed academic journal covering political ecology. It was established in 1994 as one of the first open access journals in the social sciences, by James B. Greenberg and Thomas K. Park (University of Arizona), to experiment with online formats and to showcase new work in the emerging field of political ecology. The current editors-in-chief are Simon Batterbury (University of Melbourne and formerly Lancaster University), Casey Walsh (University of California, Santa Barbara), and Associate Editors are Judith Krauss (University of York); Judith Verweijen Utrecht University and Jens Friis Lund (University of Copenhagen). There is an international editorial board. Publication Unlike the majority of academic journals ''JPE'' is produced free of charge for readers and authors using voluntary academic labour, and its website is hosted at the University of Arizona library. There is no journal budget and editorial work is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Peasant Studies
''The Journal of Peasant Studies'', subtitled ''Critical Perspectives on Rural Politics and Development'', is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research into the social structures, institutions, actors, and processes of change in the rural areas of the developing world. It is published by Routledge and the editor-in-chief is Saturnino "Jun" Borras Jr. (International Institute of Social Studies). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Current Contents/Social & Behavioural Sciences, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, International Political Science Abstracts, Scopus, the Social Sciences Citation Index, and Sociological Abstracts. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 5.477, ranking it first out of 81 journals in the category "Anthropology" and first out of 55 journals in the category "Planning and Development". History The journal was an outgrowth of a 1972 University of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Conflict
Environmental conflicts, socio-environmental conflict or ecological distribution conflicts (EDCs) are social conflicts caused by environmental degradation or by Environmental justice, unequal distribution of environmental resources. The Environmental Justice Atlas documented 3,100 environmental conflicts worldwide as of April 2020 and emphasised that many more conflicts remained undocumented. Parties involved in these conflicts include locally affected communities, states, companies and investors, and social or environmental movements; typically environmental defenders are protecting their homelands from Extractivism, resource extraction or hazardous waste disposal. Resource extraction and hazardous waste activities often create resource scarcities (such as by overfishing or deforestation), pollute the environment, and degrade the living space for humans and nature, resulting in conflict. A particular case of environmental conflicts are forestry conflicts, or forest conflicts w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature Ecology & Evolution
''Nature Ecology and Evolution'' is an online-only monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio covering all aspects of research on ecology and evolutionary biology. It was established in 2017. Its first editor-in-chief was Patrick Goymer. The current editor-in-chief is Simon Harold. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', ''Nature Ecology and Evolution'' has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 15.46. References External links * Nature Research academic journals Academic journals established in 2017 Ecology journals Monthly journals English-language journals {{ecology-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Land Rights
Indigenous land rights are the rights of Indigenous peoples to land and natural resources therein, either individually or collectively, mostly in colonised countries. Land and resource-related rights are of fundamental importance to Indigenous peoples for a range of reasons, including: the religious significance of the land, self-determination, identity, and economic factors. Land is a major economic asset, and in some Indigenous societies, using natural resources of earth and sea form (or could form) the basis of their household economy, so the demand for ownership derives from the need to ensure their access to these resources. Land can also be an important instrument of inheritance or a symbol of social status. In many Indigenous societies, such as among the many Aboriginal Australian peoples, the land is an essential part of their spirituality and belief systems. Indigenous land claims have been addressed with varying degrees of success on the national and inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Protectors
Water protectors are activists, organizers, and cultural workers focused on the defense of the world's water and water systems. The ''water protector'' name, analysis and style of activism arose from Indigenous communities in North America during the Dakota Access Pipeline protests at the Standing Rock Reservation, which began with an encampment on LaDonna Brave Bull Allard's land in April, 2016. Water protectors are similar to land defenders, but are distinguished from other environmental activists by this philosophy and approach that is rooted in an indigenous cultural perspective that sees water and the land as sacred. This relationship with water moves beyond simply having access to clean drinking water, and comes from the beliefs that water is necessary for life and that water is a relative and therefore it must be treated with respect. As such, the reasons for protection of water are older, more holistic, and integrated into a larger cultural and spiritual whole than in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global North And Global South
Global North and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to socioeconomics and Global politics, politics. According to UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the Global South broadly comprises Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia (excluding Israel, Japan, and South Korea), and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). Most of the Global South's countries are commonly identified as lacking in their standard of living, which includes having Gross national income, lower incomes, high levels of poverty, high Population growth#Population growth rate, population growth rates, inadequate housing, limited educational opportunities, and deficient health systems, among other issues. Additionally, these countries' cities are characterized by their Infrastructure#In the developing world, poor infrastructure. Opposite to the Global South is the Global North, which the UNCTAD describes as broadly comprising ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmentalist
Environmentalism is a broad Philosophy of life, philosophy, ideology, and social movement about supporting life, habitats, and surroundings. While environmentalism focuses more on the environmental and nature-related aspects of Green politics, green ideology and politics, ecologism combines the ideology of Social ecology (theory), social ecology and environmentalism. ''Ecologism'' is more commonly used in continental European languages, while ''environmentalism'' is more commonly used in English but the words have slightly different connotations. Environmentalism advocates the preservation, restoration and improvement of the natural environment and critical Earth system science, earth system elements or processes such as the climate, and may be referred to as a movement to control pollution or protect plant and animal biodiversity, diversity. For this reason, concepts such as a land ethics, environmental ethics, biodiversity, ecology, and the biophilia hypothesis figure predomina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annual Review Of Law And Social Science
The ''Annual Review of Law and Social Science'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes an annual volume of review articles relevant to the interconnection of law, culture, social structure, and society. It was established in 2005 and is published by Annual Reviews (publisher), Annual Reviews. Its current editor-in-chief, editor is Carol A. Heimer. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. History The ''Annual Review of Law and Social Science'' was first published in 2005 by nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews (publisher), Annual Reviews. As of 2021, it is published both in print and electronically. Its inaugural editor-in-chief, editor was John L. Hagan. Hagan was followed by Robert J. MacCoun (2018-2023). As of November 2023, Carol A. Heimer was listed as the editor-in-chief, editor. Scope and indexing The ''Annual Review of Law and Social Science'' defines its scope as covering significant developments in the field of law. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right To A Healthy Environment
The right to a healthy environment or the right to a sustainable and healthy environment is a human right advocated by human rights organizations and environmental organizations to protect the ecological systems that provide human health. The right was acknowledged by the United Nations Human Rights Council during its 48th session in October 2021 in HRC/RES/48/13 and subsequently by the United Nations General Assembly on July 28, 2022 in A/RES/76/300. The right is often the basis for human rights defense by environmental defenders, such as land defenders, water protectors and indigenous rights activists. The right is interconnected with other health-focused human rights, such as the right to water and sanitation, right to food and right to health. The right to a healthy environment uses a human rights approach to protect environmental quality; this approach addresses the impact of environmental harm upon individual humans, as opposed to the more traditional approach of en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
