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Enlargement Of Intergovernmental Organizations
Enlargement may refer to: *the growth in membership of political entities: ** Enlargement of the European Union is the political process for integrating countries into the European Union. ** Enlargement of the African Union ** Enlargement of the Arab League ** Enlargement of the United Nations ** Enlargement of NATO ** Enlargement of Switzerland ** Enlargement of the European Space Agency *in other contexts: ** In mathematics, an enlargement is a uniform scaling, an example of a Homothetic transformation that increases distances, areas and volumes. ** Enlargement (in fiction) is a theme in fiction, especially in science fiction and fantasy. ** An enlargement is a photographic print that is larger than the negative it is printed from, through the use of an enlarger. ** Penis enlargement Penis enlargement, or male enhancement, is any technique aimed to increase the size of a human penis. Some methods aim to increase total length, others the shaft's girth, and yet others the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement Of The European Union
The European Union (EU) has expanded a number of times throughout its history by way of the accession of new member state of the European Union, member states to the Union. To join the EU, a state needs to fulfil economic and political conditions called the Copenhagen criteria (named after the Copenhagen summit in June 1993), which require a stable democratic government that respects the rule of law, and its corresponding freedoms and institutions. According to the Maastricht Treaty, each current member state and the European Parliament must agree to any enlargement. The process of enlargement is sometimes referred to as European integration. This term is also used to refer to the intensification of co-operation between EU member states as national governments allow for the gradual harmonisation of national laws. The EU's predecessor, the European Economic Community, was founded with the Inner Six member states in 1958, when the Treaty of Rome came into force. Since then, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement Of The African Union
When the African Union (AU) was founded in 2002, it represented almost the entire African continent, inheriting the membership of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which was founded in 1963, as its successor. Currently, the AU has 55 member states. Growth in the OAU typically came from post- colonial independence; as decolonisation ended, the borders of the OAU had overlapped almost all of Africa. Membership Article 29 of the Constitutive Act of the African Union (ratified July 11, 2000), states: #Any African State may, at any time after the entry into force of this Act, notify the Chairman of the Commission of its intention to accede to this Act and to be admitted as a member of the Union. #The Chairman of the Commission shall, upon receipt of such notification, transmit copies thereof to all Member States. Admission shall be decided by a simple majority of the Member States. The decision of each Member State shall be transmitted to the Chairman of the Commission who sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement Of The Arab League
The Arab League has 22 member states. It was founded in Cairo in March 1945 with seven members: the Kingdom of Egypt, the Kingdom of Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Republic, Transjordan (Jordan from 1949), and North Yemen (later becoming Yemen). Membership increased during the second half of the 20th century. Seven countries have observer status. The headquarters are located in Cairo, Egypt. List of current member states List of current observer states Seven countries are observer states—a status that entitles them to express their opinion and give advice but denies them voting rights. These are Eritrea, where Arabic is one of the official languages, as well as Brazil and Venezuela, which have large and influential Arab communities. India is another observer of the Arab League, with a sizable number of people claiming Arab descent. Armenia was granted observer status in 2004. Chad was granted observer status in 2005. Greece became an observer state in 2021. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement Of The United Nations
As of , there are member states in the United Nations (UN), each of which is a member of the United Nations General Assembly. The following is a Member states of the United Nations, list of United Nations member states arranged in chronological order according to their dates of admission (with the United Nations Security Council resolutions that recommended their admission and the United Nations General Assembly resolutions that admitted them, signified with SCR and GAR, respectively), including former members. Members denoted with "→" changed their names, had their memberships in the UN continued by a succession of states, successor state, merged with other members, or were dissolved. Timeline 1940s 1945 (original members) The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, after ratification of the United Nations Charter by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (Republic of China (1912–49), China, Provisional Government of the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement Of NATO
NATO is a military alliance of thirty-two European and North American countries that constitutes a system of collective defense. The process of joining the alliance is governed by Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which allows for the invitation of "other European States" only and by subsequent agreements. Countries wishing to join must meet certain requirements and complete a multi-step process involving political dialogue and military integration. The accession process is overseen by the North Atlantic Council, NATO's governing body. NATO was formed in 1949 with twelve founding members and has added new members ten times. The first additions were Greece and Turkey in 1952. In May 1955, West Germany joined NATO, which was one of the conditions agreed to as part of the end of the country's occupation by France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, prompting the Soviet Union to form its own collective security alliance (commonly called the Warsaw Pact) later that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement Of Switzerland
The territorial evolution of Switzerland occurred primarily with the acquisition of territory by the historical cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy and its close associates. This gradual expansion took place in two phases, the growth from the medieval Founding Cantons to the "Eight Cantons" during 1332–1353, and the expansion to the "Thirteen Cantons" of the Reformation period during 1481–1513. The Helvetic Republic (formed 1798) as revised in the Act of Mediation (1803) added further territories of former Associates of the Swiss Confederacy, notably those of the Abbey of St. Gall and the Three Leagues. The territories of the Valais, the Swiss Jura and Geneva were added to the "restored" Confederacy following the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The restored Confederacy remained a union of nominally independent states until the formation of Switzerland as a federal state in 1848. Some territorial disputes remained, and were resolved in the 1850s and 1860s. Since t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement Of The European Space Agency
The European Space Agency (ESA) was founded in 1975 when the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) merged with the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO). The ESA Convention was signed by the ESRO and ELDO members on 30 May 1975 and by Ireland on 31 December 1975. Canada signed a Cooperation Agreement on 9 December 1978. The Convention entered into force on 30 October 1980 after the ratification procedures in the 10 ESRO/ELDO members were finalised. Current membership The current membership of the European Space Agency includes 23 member states, three associate members and one cooperating state: Associate members The ESA Convention does not require acquisition of the status of an associate member in order for a state to become a full member. The association status is envisaged to allow associate member states to take part in ESA's deliberative bodies and decision-making and also in ESA's programmes and activities. Associate member state firms can bid for an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scaling (geometry)
In affine geometry, uniform scaling (or isotropic scaling) is a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or shrinks (diminishes) objects by a '' scale factor'' that is the same in all directions ( isotropically). The result of uniform scaling is similar (in the geometric sense) to the original. A scale factor of 1 is normally allowed, so that congruent shapes are also classed as similar. Uniform scaling happens, for example, when enlarging or reducing a photograph, or when creating a scale model of a building, car, airplane, etc. More general is scaling with a separate scale factor for each axis direction. Non-uniform scaling (anisotropic scaling) is obtained when at least one of the scaling factors is different from the others; a special case is directional scaling or stretching (in one direction). Non-uniform scaling changes the shape of the object; e.g. a square may change into a rectangle, or into a parallelogram if the sides of the square are not parallel to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homothetic Transformation
In mathematics, a homothety (or homothecy, or homogeneous dilation) is a Transformation (mathematics), transformation of an affine space determined by a point called its ''center'' and a nonzero number called its ''ratio'', which sends point to a point by the rule, : \overrightarrow=k\overrightarrow for a fixed number k\ne 0. Using position vectors: :\mathbf x'=\mathbf s + k(\mathbf x -\mathbf s). In case of S=O (Origin): :\mathbf x'=k\mathbf x, which is a uniform scaling and shows the meaning of special choices for k: :for k=1 one gets the ''identity'' mapping, :for k=-1 one gets the ''reflection'' at the center, For 1/k one gets the ''inverse'' mapping defined by k. In Euclidean geometry homotheties are the Similarity (geometry), similarities that fix a point and either preserve (if k>0) or reverse (if k<0) the direction of all vectors. Together with the Translation (geometry), translations, all homotheties of an affine (or Euclidean) space form a group (mathematics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlargement (in Fiction)
Resizing (including miniaturization, growth, shrinking, and enlargement) is a recurring theme in speculative fiction, in particular in fairy tales, fantasy, and science fiction. Resizing is often achieved through the consumption of mushrooms or toadstools, which might have been established due to their psychedelic properties, through magic, by inherent yet-latent abilities, or by size-changing rays of ambiguous properties. Mythological precursors Chinese mythology In the ''Liezi'', the giants of the Longbo Kingdom were shrunk over time as punishment by the heavenly emperor after their burning of the bones of the ''ao'' caused the Daiyu and Yuanjiao islands to sink, forcing billions of ''xian'' to evacuate their homes. Hindu mythology In the ''Ramayana'', the deity Hanuman has the ability to alter his size, which he can use to enlarge himself to the size of a mountain or shrink himself down to the size of an insect. The ''Bhagavata Purana'' mentions the story of King Kakudmi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enlarger
An enlarger is a specialized transparency Image projector, projector used to produce Photography, photographic prints from film or glass Negative (photography), negatives, or from reversal film, transparencies. Construction All enlargers consist of a light source, normally an incandescent light bulb shining though a condenser (optics), condenser or translucent screen to provide even illumination, a holder for the negative or transparency, and a specialized lens for projection, though some, such as the Rapid Rectilinear or Aplanat could be used in both camera and enlarger. Enlarger lenses, like the Dialyte lens, dialyte construction, are generally symmetrical in design or nearly so, optimised for sharp focus at 2x to 10x magnification. The light passes through a Photographic film, film holder, which holds the exposed and Film developing, developed photographic negative or transparency. Prints made with an enlarger are called ''enlargements''. Typically, enlargers are used in a dar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penis Enlargement
Penis enlargement, or male enhancement, is any technique aimed to increase the size of a human penis. Some methods aim to increase total length, others the shaft's girth, and yet others the glans and foreskin size. Techniques include surgery, supplements, ointments, patches, and physical methods like pumping, jelqing, and traction. Surgical penis enlargement methods can be effective; however, such methods carry risks of complications and are not medically indicated except in cases involving a micropenis. Non-invasive methods have received little scientific study, and most lack scientific evidence of effectiveness. However, limited scientific evidence supports some elongation by prolonged traction. Some quack products may improve penis erection, mistaken by consumers for penis enlargement. Surgical methods There are several surgical penis enlargement treatments, most of which carry a risk of significant complications. Procedures by unlicensed surgeons can lead to serious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
