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Endothelin Converting Enzyme
converting enzyme 1, also known as ECE1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ''ECE1'' gene. Function Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 is involved in the proteolytic processing of endothelin-1 (EDN1), -2 ( EDN2), and -3 (EDN3 Endothelin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EDN3'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the endothelin family. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions ...) to biologically active peptides. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as product (chemistry), products. Almost all metabolism, metabolic processes in the cell (biology), cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme, pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are Ribozyme, catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' Chemical specificity, specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endothelin 1
Endothelin 1 (ET-1), also known as preproendothelin-1 (PPET1), is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. The protein encoded by this gene ''EDN1'' is proteolytically processed to release endothelin 1. Endothelin 1 is one of three isoforms of human endothelin. Sources Preproendothelin is precursor of the peptide ET-1. Endothelial cells convert preproendothelin to proendothelin and subsequently to mature endothelin, which the cells release. Clinical significance Endothelin-1 receptor antagonists ( Bosentan) are used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Use of these antagonists prevents pulmonary arterial constriction and thus inhibits pulmonary hypertension. As of 2020, the role of endothelin-1 in affecting lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in obesity mechanisms was under clinical research Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness ( efficacy) of medications, de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endothelin 2
Endothelin 2 (ET-2) is a protein encoded by the EDN2 gene in humans. It was first discovered in 1988 by Yanagisawa and team and belongs to a family of three endothelin peptide isoforms ( ET-1, ET-2, ET-3), which constrict blood vessels. ET-2 is encoded by genes on separate chromosomes to its isoforms and is mainly produced in vascular endothelial cells of the kidney, placenta, uterus, heart, central nervous system and intestine. It becomes present in the blood of animals and humans at levels ranging from 0.3pg/ml to 3pg/ml. ET-2 acts by binding to two different G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the endothelin A receptor (EDNRA) and the endothelin B receptor (EDNRB). Function As ET-2 has a very similar homology to ET-1, differing only in two amino acids (with Trp6 and Leu7 instead of Leu6 and Met7) it was often assumed that the two endothelins were similar in synthetic pathway and mechanism of action. As ET-1 is abundant in the body while ET-2 is almost undetectable, ET ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
