|
Emslandlager
Emslandlager ("Emsland camps") were a series of 15 moorland Nazi concentration camps, labor, punitive and POWs-camps, active from 1933 to 1945 and located in the districts of Emsland and County of Bentheim (district), Bentheim, Lower Saxony, Germany. The central administration was set in Papenburg. From 1985 to 2011, the history of these camps was memorialized in the ''Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Emslandlager'' in Papenburg. As of November 2011, this role has been taken over by the ''Gedenkstätte Esterwegen''. In Emslandlager VII camp, seven Belgium, Belgian Freemasonry, Freemasons and resistance fighters founded ''Liberté chérie'' in 1943, one of the very few Masonic lodges established within a Nazi concentration camp. Börgermoor concentration camp The first and one of the most important of these camps was the Börgermoor concentration camp, situated near the current municipality of Surwold, in Lower Saxony. In June 1933 the first 1000 German political opp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esterwegen Concentration Camp
The Esterwegen concentration camp near Esterwegen was an early Nazi concentration camp within a series of camps first established in the Emsland district of Germany. It was established in the summer of 1933 as a concentration camp for 2000 so-called political ''Schutzhäftlinge'' ( protective custody prisoners) and was for a time the second largest concentration camp after Dachau. The camp was closed in summer of 1936. Thereafter, until 1945 it was used as a prison camp. Political prisoners and so-called '' Nacht und Nebel'' prisoners were also held there. After the war ended, Esterwegen served as a British internment camp, as a prison, and, until 2000, as a depot for the German Army. The most famous prisoner was writer and editor of the weekly magazine, '' Die Weltbühne'', Carl von Ossietzky, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1935. Comedian Werner Finck was detained in Esterwegen for six weeks. SS-'' Hauptscharführer'' Gustav Sorge, nicknamed "The Iron Gustav" for his bru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emsland
Landkreis Emsland () is a districts of Germany, district in Lower Saxony, Germany named after the river Ems (river), Ems. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Leer (district), Leer, Cloppenburg (district), Cloppenburg and Osnabrück (district), Osnabrück, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (district of Steinfurt (district), Steinfurt), the district of County of Bentheim (district), Bentheim in Lower Saxony, and the Netherlands (provinces of Drenthe and Groningen (province), Groningen). History For a long time the region of the Emsland was extremely sparsely populated, due to the fens on both sides of the river. Small villages were established in medieval times along the river and on the Hümmling. In the 13th century the bishops of Prince-Bishopric of Münster, Münster gained control over the region; the Emsland remained property of the bishop Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, until 1803, when the clerical states German mediatisation, were dissol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papenburg
Papenburg (; East Frisian Low Saxon: ''Papenbörg'') is a city in the district of Emsland, Lower Saxony, Germany, situated at the river Ems. It is known for its large shipyard, the Meyer-Werft, which specializes in building cruise liners. Geography Districts Papenburg is subdivided into 6 urban districts, Papenburg-Untenende, Papenburg-Obenende, Herbrum, Tunxdorf-Nenndorf, Aschendorf and Bokel. History In the ''Chronicle of the Frisians'', written in the 16th century by the East-Frisian council Eggerik Benninga, the Papenburg (at that time a manor) is mentioned for the first time. In 1458, Hayo von Haren, called "von der Papenburch", confessed to be leaned with the Papenburg. The contract that was made because of this is the earliest verifiably documented mention of Papenburg. On 2 December 1630, the district administrator Dietrich von Velen purchased the manor for 1500 Reichsthaler from Friedrich von Schwarzenberg in order to found a settlement in the fen-surrounded reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberté Chérie
Liberté chérie ( French for "Cherished Liberty") was a Masonic Lodge founded in 1943 by Belgian Resistance fighters and other political prisoners at Esterwegen concentration camp. It was one of the few lodges of Freemasons founded within a Nazi concentration camp during the Second World War. The Lodge On November 15, 1943, seven Belgian Freemasons and resistance fighters founded the Masonic Lodge ''Loge Liberté chérie'' ( French: Cherished Liberty Lodge) inside Hut 6 of Emslandlager VII ( Esterwegen). The name of the lodge was derived from ''La Marseillaise''. The original seven Freemasons of Loge Liberté chérie were: *Paul Hanson *Luc Somerhausen *Jean De Schrijver *Jean Sugg * Henri Story *Amédée Miclotte *Franz Rochat *Guy Hannecart They later initiated, passed, and raised Brother Fernand Erauw, another Belgian. According to M. Franz Bridoux, former prisoner in Esterwegen's Hut 6, the founding members of Loge Liberté chérie were Rochat, Sugg, Hannecart, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peat Bog Soldiers
"Peat Bog Soldiers" (German: ) is one of Europe's best-known protest songs. It exists in countless European languages and became a Second Spanish Republic, Republican anthem during the Spanish Civil War. It was a symbol of resistance during the World War II, Second World War and is popular with the Peace movement today. It was written, composed and first performed by prisoners in 1933 in a Nazi concentration camp. Background This song was written by prisoners in the Nazi Party, Nazi Nazi concentration camps, labour camp Papenburg in Lower Saxony, Germany. The Emslandlager ("Emsland camps") – as they were known – were for political opponents of the Third Reich, located outside of Börgermoor, now part of the commune Surwold, not far from Papenburg. A memorial of these camps, the ''Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Emslandlager'', is located at Papenburg. In 1933, one camp, , held about 1,000 Socialist and Communist internees. They were banned from singing existing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour Under German Rule During World War II
The use of Slavery, slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany () and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the Economics of fascism#Political economy of Nazi Germany, German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in occupied Europe. The Germans abducted approximately 12million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe.Part1 an Part 2 . Many workers died as a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European islands by area, largest European island, and the List of islands by area, ninth-largest island in the world. It is dominated by a maritime climate with narrow temperature differences between seasons. The island of Ireland, with an area 40 per cent that of Great Britain, is to the west – these islands, along with over List of islands of the British Isles, 1,000 smaller surrounding islands and named substantial rocks, comprise the British Isles archipelago. Connected to mainland Europe until 9,000 years ago by a land bridge now known as Doggerland, Great Britain has been inhabited by modern humans for around 30,000 years. In 2011, it had a population of about , making it the world's List of islands by population, third-most-populous islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haren, Germany
Haren ( Polish 1945: ''Lwów'', Polish 1945–1948: ''Maczków'') is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany in the district of Emsland. History Haren was first mentioned in the Middle Ages (around 890) in a registry of the Corvey Abbey. Around 1150 the settlement of ''Neuharen'' ("New Haren") was founded, while the nearby ''Altharen'' ("Old Haren") formed around a local castle, belonging to the bishop of Münster, who bought it around 1252 from Duchess Jutta von Ravensberg. At the end of the Thirty Years War Haren was almost completely destroyed, but soon recovered and became a notable trading port at the Ems River. The inhabitants of Haren were in large part tradesmen and sailors, transporting grain and other commodities down the Ems River. During the Napoleonic epoch in 1803, the town was given to the Duke of Arenberg as compensation for the lands on the other side of the river. However, already in 1810, the town was directly incorporated into the French Empire. At the Congress of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enclave
An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. Enclaves that are not part of a larger territory are not exclaves, for example Lesotho (enclaved by South Africa), and San Marino and Vatican City (both enclaved by Italy) are enclaved sovereign states. An exclave is a portion of a state or district geographically separated from the main part, by some surrounding alien territory. Many exclaves are also enclaves, but an exclave surrounded by the territory of more than one state is not an enclave. The Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan is an example of an exclave that is not an enclave, as it borders Armenia, Iran, and Turkey. Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves are areas that, except for possessing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Displaced Person Camp
Displaced may refer to: * Forced displacement Forced displacement (also forced migration or forced relocation) is an involuntary or coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region. The UNHCR defines 'forced displacement' as follows: displaced "as a result of perse ..., the involuntary movement of people from their home * ''Displaced'' (2006 film), a 2006 British feature film produced by Skylandian Pictures * ''Displaced'' (2010 film), a 2010 American documentary directed by Idil Ibrahim * "Displaced" (''Star Trek: Voyager''), an episode of ''Star Trek: Voyager'' {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
