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Emodin Bisanthrone
Emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is an organic compound. Classified as an anthraquinone, it can be isolated from rhubarb, buckthorn, and Japanese knotweed (''Reynoutria japonica'' syn. ''Polygonum cuspidatum''). Emodin is particularly abundant in the roots of the Chinese rhubarb (''Rheum palmatum''), knotweed and knotgrass ('' Polygonum cuspidatum'' and '' Polygonum multiflorum'') as well as Hawaii ‘au‘auko‘i cassia seeds or coffee weed (''Semen cassia''). It is specifically isolated from ''Rheum palmatum'' L. It is also produced by many species of fungi, including members of the genera ''Aspergillus'', '' Pyrenochaeta'', and ''Pestalotiopsis'', inter alia. The common name is derived from ''Rheum emodi'', a taxonomic synonym of '' Rheum australe'' (Himalayan rhubarb), and synonyms include emodol, frangula emodin, rheum emodin, 3-methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone, Schüttgelb (Schuttgelb), and Persian Berry Lake. Pharmacology Emodin is an active component ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiinflammatory
Anti-inflammatory is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation, fever or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain. Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies. Drugs Clinically approved Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs alleviate pain by counteracting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme involved in pain mechanisms. Some common examples of NSAIDs are aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, block the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin, inhibiting inflammation and pain. Analgesics commonly associated with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen (paracetamol), have no periph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thielavia Subthermophila
''Thielavia subthermophila'' is a ubiquitous, filamentous fungus that is a member of the phylum Ascomycota and order Sordariales. Known to be found on plants of arid environments, it is an endophyte with thermophilic properties, and possesses dense, pigmented mycelium. ''Thielavia subthermophila'' has rarely been identified as a human pathogen, with a small number of clinical cases including ocular and brain infections. For treatment, antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B have been used topically or intravenously, depending upon the condition. History ''Thielavia subthermophila'' is a cleistothecial fungus that have a thin peridium, spherical ascoma, and dark-coloured ascospores. It was first described by Jean Mouchacca in 1973 who isolated it from desert soil. To date, there has been confusion in classifying species within the genus ''Thielavia'', as the characteristics of the species are not well-differentiated from perithecial relatives in the genus ''Chaetomium''. Morph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senna Obtusifolia
''Senna obtusifolia'', known by common names including Chinese senna, American sicklepod and sicklepod, is a plant in the genus '' Senna'', sometimes separated in the monotypic genus ''Diallobus''. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly problematic weed in many places. It has a long-standing history of confusion with '' Senna tora'' and that taxon in many sources actually refers to the present species. In the traditional medicine of Eastern Asia, the seeds are called in Chinese ( simplified: ; traditional: ), ''gyeolmyeongja'' in Korean, and ''ketsumeishi'' in Japanese. The green leaves of the plant are fermented to produce a high-protein food product called kawal which is eaten by many people in Sudan as a meat substitute. Its leaves, seeds, and root are also used in folk medicine, primarily in Asia. It is believed to possess a laxative effect, as well as to be beneficial for the eyes. As a folk remedy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhamnus Cathartica
''Rhamnus cathartica'', the European buckthorn, common buckthorn, purging buckthorn, or just buckthorn, is a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Rhamnaceae. It is native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia, from the central British Isles south to Morocco, and east to Kyrgyzstan. It was introduced to North America as an ornamental shrub in the early 19th century or perhaps before, and is now naturalisation (biology), naturalized in the northern half of the continent, and is classified as an invasive plant in several US states and in Ontario, Canada. Description ''Rhamnus cathartica'' is a deciduous, dioecious shrub or small tree growing up to tall, with grey-brown bark and often thorny branches. The leaf, leaves are elliptic to oval, long and broad; they are green, turning yellow in autumn, have toothed margins, and are arranged somewhat variably in opposite to subopposite pairs or alternately. The flowers are yellowish-green with four petals; they ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhamnus Alnifolia
''Rhamnus alnifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the Rhamnaceae, buckthorn family known by the common names alderleaf buckthorn, or alder buckthorn. Unlike other "buckthorns", this alder buckthorn does not have thorns. It is native to North America, and can be found in forested habitat. Description ''Rhamnus alnifolia'' is a spreading shrub usually tall, rarely to , its thin branches bearing deciduous leaves. The thin, deeply veined leaves have oval blades long, pointed at the tip and lightly toothed along the edges. The inflorescence is a solitary flower or umbel of up to three flowers occurring in leaf axils. The tiny flowers are about wide and have five green sepals but no petals. Female flowers produce drupes wide, each containing three seeds. The drupes darken to black when ripe. Distribution and habitat It can be found in the southern half of Canada and the northern half of the United States, mostly in the Pacific Northwest. It grows in streambanks and on humid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalimeris Indica
''Kalimeris indica'', also known as Indian aster or Indian Kalimeris, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). ''Kalimeris indica'', like other species in the genus of ''Kalimeris'', occurs mainly in eastern Asian countries of China, Korea and Japan, and has been introduced to California and Hawaii. Description ''Kalimeris indica'' commonly occurs on abandoned farm land, slopes of hills and ridges between rice fields. It is also often found along roads and trails in hardwood forests. It can reproduce sexually through production of seeds and asexually through stolons. Seeds germinate in early spring. Newly emerged seedlings are small with each cotyledon being approximately 2 mm in length. Indian aster can grow to a height of 30–70 cm. Leaves are alternate and stems are typically upright. Blooming starts in late spring and will continue into October depending on the location and growth conditions for the plant, particularly nutrient le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossostemon Bruguieri
''Glossostemon'' is a genus of perennial herb in the family Malvaceae native to Iraq, Iran and the Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. Geographically, the .... It has lobed, serrated leaves and numerous flowers. The flower petals are flat with longitudinal ribs on the upper surface. Species include: * '' Glossostemon bruguieri'' (Synonym: ''Dombeya arabica'' Baker) References Byttnerioideae Monotypic Malvales genera Malvaceae genera {{Byttnerioideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frangula Alnus
''Frangula alnus'', commonly known as alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, or breaking buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family Rhamnaceae. Unlike other "buckthorns", alder buckthorn does not have thorns. It is native to Europe, northernmost Africa, and western Asia, from Ireland and Great Britain north to the 68th parallel north, 68th parallel in Scandinavia, east to central Siberia and Xinjiang in western China, and south to northern Morocco, Turkey, and the Alborz in Iran and Caucasus Mountains, the Caucasus Mountains; in the northwest of its range (Ireland, Scotland), it is rare and scattered. It is also introduced and naturalisation (biology), naturalised in eastern North America.Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins .Flora Europaea''Frangula alnus''/ref>Stace, Clive, et al. ''Interactive Flora of NW Europe''''Frangula alnus''/ref> Description Alder buckthorn is a non-spiny deciduous shrub, growing to , occasionally to tall. It is usually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassia Siamea
Cassia typically refers to cassia bark, the spice made from the bark of East Asian evergreen trees. Cassia may also refer to: Plants Cinnamon trees * ''Cinnamomum cassia'' (, ''ròuguì''), the cassia or Chinese cinnamon, found in southern China and Indochina * Other East Asian species of ''Cinnamomum'', such as '' Cinnamomum burmannii'' (Indonesian cinnamon) and ''C. loureiroi'', Saigon cinnamon Osmanthus * ''Osmanthus fragrans'' (, ''guìhuā''), is the osmanthus or sweet olive found in southern China and Indochina Beans * ''Cassia'' (genus), a genus of trees and shrubs in the bean family Fabaceae. * ''Senna'' (plant), a genus of the bean family Fabaceae including species formerly treated in the genus ''Cassia'', and used in herbal medicine: ** ''Senna obtusifolia'', the Chinese senna or sicklepod ** '' Senna artemisioides'', silver cassia or feathery cassia * ''Vachellia farnesiana'', another member of Fabaceae Food * Cassia gum, a food additive made from the seeds of ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassia Occidentalis
''Senna occidentalis'', commonly known as coffee senna, styptic weed, or septicweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to the southern United States of America, Mexico and South America. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves, with three to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two to four, with six fertile stamens in each flower. It is an aggressive, pantropical weed. Description ''Senna occidentalis'' is a foetid shrub that typically grows to a height of and has softly-hairy branches and stems. Its leaves are pinnate, long on a petiole long, with three to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets long and wide, spaced apart. There is a sessile glands near the base of the petiole. The flowers are yellow and arranged on the ends of branchlets and in upper leaf axils in groups of two to four on a peduncle long, each flower on a pedicel long. The petals are up to long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acalypha
''Acalypha'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole genus of the subtribe Acalyphinae. It is one of the largest euphorb genera, with approximately 450 to 462 species. The genus name ''Acalypha'' is from the Ancient Greek () ("nettle"), an alternative form of (), and was inspired by the nettle-like leaves. General common names include copperleaf and three-seeded mercury. Native North American species are generally inconspicuous most of the year until the fall when their stems and foliage turn a distinctive coppery-red. The genus is distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics, with about 60% of species native to the Americas and about 30% in Africa. Description The genus includes annuals or perennial herbs, shrubs, and small trees. Most are monoecious, and some are dioecious. Indumentum of simple hair or glands, rarely of stellate hair. The leaves are alternately arranged, undivided, generally petiolate, stipulate; stipels rarely prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
